George, King of Saxony
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George | |||||
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![]() Photograph by Nicola Perscheid c. 1900 | |||||
King of Saxony | |||||
Reign | 19 June 1902 – 15 October 1904 | ||||
Predecessor | Albert | ||||
Successor | Frederick Augustus III | ||||
Born | Dresden | 8 August 1832||||
Died | 15 October 1904 Pillnitz | (aged 72)||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse | |||||
Issue more... |
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House | Wettin | ||||
Father | John, King of Saxony | ||||
Mother | Amalie Auguste of Bavaria | ||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism |
George (German: Georg; 8 August 1832 – 15 October 1904) was king of Saxony and member of the House of Wettin.
Early life
[edit]George was born in the Saxon capital Dresden. He was the second son of King John of Saxony (1801–1873) and his wife, Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1801–1877), daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (1756–1825).
Marriage
[edit]On 11 May 1859 at Belém Palace, Lisbon, George married, Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal, eldest surviving daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal and her consort, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, and the younger sister of King Pedro V of Portugal. Maria Anna died young and George stayed unmarried for the rest of his long life.
Issue
[edit]Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Marie Johanna Amalie Ferdinande Antonie Luise Juliane | 19 June 1860 | 2 March 1861 | (aged 0)died in childhood, no issue |
Elisabeth Albertine Karoline Sidonie Ferdinande Leopoldine Antonie Auguste Clementine | 14 February 1862 | 18 May 1863 | (aged 1)died in childhood, no issue |
Mathilde Marie Auguste Viktorie Leopoldine Karoline Luise Franziska Josepha | 19 March 1863 | 27 March 1933 | (aged 70)died unmarried, no issue |
Frederick Augustus Johann Ludwig Karl Gustav Gregor Philipp | 25 May 1865 | 18 February 1932 | (aged 66)married Archduchess Louise of Austria (1870–1947), had issue |
Maria Josepha Luise Philippine Elisabeth Pia Angelica Margarethe | 31 May 1867 | 28 May 1944 | (aged 76)married to her second cousin Archduke Otto Franz of Austria (1865–1906), had issue |
Johann Georg Pius Karl Leopold Maria Januarius Anacletus | 10 July 1869 | 24 November 1938 | (aged 69)married first Duchess Maria Isabella of Württemberg (1871–1904) and second Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1874–1906) |
Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor Odo | 17 November 1870 | 12 January 1951 | (aged 80)ordained as a Roman Catholic priest |
Albert Karl Anton Ludwig Wilhelm Viktor | 25 February 1875 | 16 September 1900 | (aged 25)died unmarried, no issue, the result of injuries sustained in a carriage crash caused by Prince Miguel of Braganza |
Military career
[edit]George served under his brother Albert's command during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and in the Franco-German War. In the re-organisation of the army which accompanied the march towards Paris, his brother the Crown Prince gained a separate command over the 4th army (Army of the Meuse) consisting of the Saxon XII corps, the Prussian Guard corps, and the IV (Prussian Saxony) corps and George succeeded him in command of the XII corps.
King of Saxony
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/2_Mark_Georg_1903.jpg/220px-2_Mark_Georg_1903.jpg)
Prince George was a Generalfeldmarschall before his ascension. It gradually became clear that George's elder brother, Albert (1828–1902), and his wife, Queen Carola (1833–1907), would not have any children, thereby making George the heir presumptive to the throne. He succeeded Albert as King of Saxony on 19 June 1902, albeit for just a brief two-year reign. On 15 October 1904 he died in Pillnitz and was succeeded by his eldest son, Frederick Augustus III (1865–1932), who was deposed in 1918.
King George was a controversial figure. He divorced by royal decree his eldest son from his daughter-in-law, Crown Princess Luise. Luise's flight from Dresden was due to her father-in-law's threatening to have her interned in a mental asylum at the Sonnenstein Castle for life.
Honours and awards
[edit]Kingdom of Saxony:[1]
- Knight of the Rue Crown, 1833
- Commander of the Military Order of St. Henry, 1st Class, 1870; Grand Cross, 1898
- Grand Cross of the Albert Order
Kingdom of Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 29 November 1847;[2] with Collar
- Pour le Mérite (military), 6 December 1870; with Oak Leaves, 8 March 1896[3]
- Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd Classes
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 6 September 1879[2]
Austrian Empire:[4]
Grand Duchy of Hesse:[5]
- Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 9 June 1851
- Military Merit Cross, 9 July 1871
Kingdom of Hanover: Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 1851[6]
Russian Empire:
- Knight of St. Andrew, May 1852[7]
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, May 1852
Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1853[8][9]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1854[10]
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 8 August 1855[11]
Hesse-Kassel: Knight of the Golden Lion, 27 September 1857[12]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 28 September 1857[13]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of Henry the Lion, 1857[14]
Baden:[15]
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1858
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion, 1858
Nassau: Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau, November 1865[16]
Württemberg:[17]
- Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order, 30 December 1870
- Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1886
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 29 April 1876[18]
Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 24 August 1897[19]
Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 31 January 1903[20]
Kingdom of Portugal:
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword[21]
- Grand Cross of the Sash of the Two Orders[22]
Ancestry
[edit]Ancestors of George, King of Saxony |
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. pp. 3, 6, 52 – via hathitrust.org.
- ^ a b "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 5, 935, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
- ^ Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 504.
- ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1902, pp. 53, 57, retrieved 4 November 2019
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 10, 130
- ^ Staat Hannover (1865). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865. Berenberg. p. 72.
- ^ Sergey Semenovich Levin (2003). "Lists of Knights and Ladies". Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-called (1699-1917). Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine (1714-1917). Moscow.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1904) page 91
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German). Königl. Oberpostamt. 1867. p. 10. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1865), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 19
- ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 220.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 44
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1859), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 11 Archived 30 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897, "Herzogliche Orden Heinrich des Löwen" p. 10
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1862), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 33, 45
- ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 9
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" pp. 28, 64
- ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: 1878. Schulze. 1878. p. 34.
- ^ Royal Thai Government Gazette (23 March 1899). "พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป" (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
- ^ "Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword". geneall.net. Retrieved 2018-09-21.
- ^ Albano da Silveira Pinto (1883). "Serenissima Casa de Bragança". Resenha das Familias Titulares e Grandes des Portugal (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Lisboa F.A. da Silva. p. xxi.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- 1832 births
- 1904 deaths
- Nobility from Dresden
- Field marshals of Saxony
- Field marshals of the German Empire
- German military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
- People of the Austro-Prussian War
- House of Wettin
- Kings of Saxony
- Burials at Dresden Cathedral
- Saxon princes
- German Roman Catholics
- Members of the First Chamber of the Diet of the Kingdom of Saxony
- Albertine branch
- Military personnel from Dresden
- Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
- Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz