User:Шизомби/Transsexual Fiction
Transsexual fiction (or TSF) is a genre of fiction in which in which the sex of a central character is physically transformed typically in ways characteristic of science fiction and fantasy, making it distinct from transgender literature in which memoirs and realistic representation are common.
Terminology
One early use of the term “transsexual fiction” was by American academic Karen Nakamura in 1997 with reference to stories shared by users of the online service CompuServe.[1]. “Transsexual fiction” has been commonly abbreviated TSF particularly with respect to manga even to the extent of those English letters being used as the descriptor of the genre in Japan,[2] where the acronym is also interpreted as standing for "transsexual fantasy" as well.[3]
Other terms have been used as well, including gender bender[4] or gender bending[5], genderswap[6] (itself sometimes identified as a subgenre of genderfuck[7]), gender-change[8], gender transformation/Geschlechtertausch[9], transformation[10], trans-body[11] and transgender (or TG) fiction.[12] Issues have been raised regarding some of these terms for various reasons.
Terminology incorporating the word "gender" has been seen by some as problematic for failing to observe the sex–gender distinction.[13] "Genderswap" (or gender flip) is also used to refer to fan fiction and published works in which the sex of an established character is changed by an artist or author external to the work itself, i.e. there is no transformation within the work[14]; related concepts are Rule 63 and Crossplay. "Gender bender" has also been used as a non-binary term of gender identity by some people.
History
Folklore and Mythology
There is a history in a number of cultures of superstitions and folk beliefs[15] as well as mythology[16] concerning sex being changed in supernatural ways, e.g. some instances of rainbows in mythology having that effect.
Transvestite Literature
Several authors who looked at transsexual fiction had also noted earlier studies done by specialists in sexology reviewing “transvestite literature.”[17].
“Transvestite literature” was described as encompassing “straight prose, cartoon strips, photos, a combination of prose with cartoons or photos, and short poems,” both published and unpublished.[18] Those studying it observed the common elements of cross-dressing and forced feminization.[19]
While Ray Blanchard, in briefly touching on the subject, had used the term “transvestite fiction” interchangeably with “transgender fiction,”[20] in contrast, a dissertation that focused on the topic in detail observed, “‘TG’ media is actively disinterested in cross-dressing, instead telling stories about characters whose physical bodies are transformed”.[21]
Tropes
Nakamura 1997; Ogas 2012; Hirai 2017; Pilbeam 2018; Hirai 2021.
Media
The genre has particularly been examined with respect to captioned images ("TG captions")[22], digital comics[23], online erotic literature[24],and manga and anime[25]. Examples have also been identified among novels[26], films[27], and video games[28] as well as websites attempting to catalog examples across all forms of media, including Paul Pichette’s Gender Change Fiction List[29], the Transgender Guide[30], Metamorphose.org[31], and the TG Graphics and Fiction Archive[32], among others.
Examples
A Florida Enchantment: novel and play (1890s) and film (1914).[33]
Turnabout: novel (1931)[34] and film (1940)[35]
Psychological Studies Regarding Specific TSF erotic literature
Blanchard, autogynephilia, and Fictionmania; Jaimie Veale and the "Attraction to Transgender Fiction Scale"
Blanchard 2010; Veale 2005; Lawrence 2008; Veale et al. 2008; Veale 2014; Violeta 2020.
Notes
- ^ Nakamura 1997, pp. 76-77.
- ^ Hirai 2017.
- ^ 作成者: ライトノベル作法研究所 2009; Kirisaki 2023, p. 238.
- ^ Woods 2015, p. 18; Klink 2020, p. 174.
- ^ Galbraith 2013, p. 85.
- ^ Fielding 2015, 6; Director 2017, p. 15; Klink 2020, p. 174.
- ^ Beazley 2014, 8-9.
- ^ Matwychuk 1998, p. 12.
- ^ Costabile-Heming 1997.
- ^ Ogas 2012, p. 232-235.
- ^ Strayer 1996, pp. 70-74; McWilliam 2006, p. 63-71; Anderson 2011, p. 196 n. 95; Dung 2012, pp. 169, 212 n. 53; Meiri 2020.
- ^ Veale 2005, p. 27 and passim; Blanchard 2010, p. 368 n.3; Nuzzi 2011, p. 48; Pilbeam 2018, pp. 1-2.
- ^ Director 2017, pp. 15-16.
- ^ Director 2017, p. 14.
- ^ Roberts 1927, p. 163.
- ^ Hodgkinson 1987, p. 17.
- ^ Nakamura 1997, p. 77; Blanchard 2010, p. 368; Veale 2008, p. 587.
- ^ Beigel 1963, 19.
- ^ Beigel and Feldman 1963; Buhrich 1976; Talamini 1982, 43-44; Docter 1988, p. 46; Bullough 1993, 286-292.
- ^ Blanchard 2010, p. 368.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, p. 89.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, 17-
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, passim.
- ^ Nakamura 1997; Boyd 2007, 277; Erhardt 2007, p. 42; Madden 2008, p. 265; Bland 2011, p. 246; Ogas 2012, pp. 232-235; Beedle 2021; Binnie 2022.
- ^ Galbraith 2013, p. 85; Woods 2015; Hirai 2017; Pilbeam 2018, pp. 15, 28, 30, et aliae; Kirisaki 2023.
- ^ Farrer 1996, p. 126; Pilbeam 2018, pp. 33-34.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, pp. 16, 28, 34.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, pp. 31, 38, 68-69.
- ^ Matwychuk 1998, p. 12
- ^ Banis 2004, pp. 358-359.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, pp. 14-15.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, p. 15.
- ^ Farrer 1996, p. 126.
- ^ Farrer 1996, p. 131.
- ^ Pilbeam 2018, p. 34.
- ^ Nuzzi 2006, p. 48; Galbraith 2013, p. 85; Denny 2014, p. 563; Hirai 2017; Pilbeam 2018, pp. 29-30.
References
- Anderson, Mark Lynn (2011). Twilight of the Idols: Hollywood and the Human Sciences in 1920s America. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520267084.
- Banis, Victor J. (2004). That Man from C.A.M.P.:Rebel Without a Pause. Harrington Park Press. ISBN 1560234482.
- Beazley, Malory (2014). Out of the Cupboards and Into the Streets!: Harry Potter Genderfuck Fan Fiction and Fan Activism (MA thesis thesis). Concordia University.
- Beedle, Heidi (February 17, 2021). "Opinion: A conversation with Torrey Peters, author of 'Detransition, Baby'". Colorado Springs Independent. Colorado, USA.
- Beigel, Hugo G.; Feldman, Robert (1963). "The Male Transvestite's Motivation in Fiction, Research and Reality". In Beigel, Hugo (ed.). Advances in Sex Research. NY: Harper and Row.
- Binnie, Imogen (May 4, 2022). "Notes on Nevada: Trans Literature and the Early Internet". The Paris Review.
- Blanchard, Ray (2010). "The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Transvestic Fetishism". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (2): 363–372. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9541-3.
- Bland, Jed (2011). "Twenty Five Years". In Purnell, Alice (ed.). Trans in the Twenty First Century: Concerning Gender Diversity. London: Beaumont Trust. ISBN 0952135779.
- Boyd, Helen (2007). She’s Not the Man I Married: My Life with a Transgender Husband. CA: Seal Press. ISBN 1580051936.
- Buhrich, Neil; McConaghy, Neil (December 1976). "Transvestite Fiction". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 163 (6): 420–427. doi:10.1097/00005053-197612000-00006.
- Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (1993). Cross Dressing, Sex, and Gender. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812231635.
- Costabile-Heming, Carole Anne (1997). Eigler, Friederike; Kord, Susanne (eds.). The Feminist Encyclopedia of German Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 205-206. ISBN 9780313293139.
- Denny, Dallas; Green, Jamison (2014). "Media Spotlight: Gender Variance in Manga and Anime". Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community. NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-932535-1.
- Director, Elliot Aaran (2017). Something Queer In His Make-up: Genderbending, Omegaverses, And Fandom's Discontents (PhD thesis). Bowling Green State University.
- Docter, Richard F. (1988). Transvestites and Transsexuals: Toward a Theory of Cross-Gender Behaviour. NY: Plenum Press. ISBN 0306428784.
- Duong, Lan P. (2012). Treacherous Subjects: Gender, Culture, and Trans-Vietnamese Feminism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 9781439901786.
- Erhardt, Virginia (2007). Head Over Heels: Wives Who Stay with Cross-Dressers and Transsexuals. NY: Routledge. ISBN 0789030950.
- Farrer, Peter (1996). "120 Years of Male Cross-Dressing and Sex-Changing in English and American Literature.". In Ekins, Richard (ed.). Blending Genders: Social Aspects of Cross-Dressing and Sex-Changing. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415115515.
- Fielding, Dianna (2015). Normalizing the Deviance: The Creation, Politics, and Consumption of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identities in Online Fan Communities (Undergraduate Honors thesis). Hamline University.
- Galbraith, Patrick W. (2013). The Otaku Encyclopedia: An Insider's Guide to the Subculture of Cool Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 1568365497.
- Hirai, Chiaki (July 26, 2017). "An Analysis of Magical Sex-Change (TSF) Manga". Anime Feminist. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
- Hirai, Chiaki (September 8, 2021). "Pregnancy as the pinnacle of womanhood in TSF porn". Anime Feminist. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
- Hodgkinson, Liz (1987). Bodyshock: The Truth About Changing Sex. London: Columbus. ISBN 9780862873172.
- Kirisaki, Suzume (2023). I Guess This Dragon Who Lost Her Egg to Disaster Is My Mom Now. Vol. 1. Cross Infinite World. ISBN 9798885601009.
- Klink, Flourish; Pande, Rukmini; Hutton, Zina; Morimoto, Lori (2020). "A Roundtable Discussion about the Cultures of Fandom on Tumblr". In McCracken, Allison; Cho, Alexander; Stein, Louisa; Hoch, Indira Neill (eds.). A Tumblr Book: Platform and Cultures. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. doi:10.3998/mpub.11537055. ISBN 978-0-472-05456-5.
- Lawrence, Anne A.; Bailey, J. Michael (2008). "Transsexual groups in Veale et al. (2008) are "Autogynephilic" and "Even more autogynephilic"". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (2): 173–175. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9431-0.
- 作成者: ライトノベル作法研究所 [Light Novel Methodology Research Institute] (2009). キャラクター設計教室 [Character Design Workshop]. 秀和システム [Shuwa System]. ISBN 4798023396.
- Madden, Ed (2008). Tiresian Poetics: Modernism, Sexuality, Voice, 1888-2001. Rosemont. ISBN 978-1611472301.
- Matwychuk, Paul (August 6–12, 1998). "Yes, there's a home page for everything; The Web's a godsend for fetishists". Vue Weekly. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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- McWilliam, Kelly Ann (2006). Girl Meets Girl: Lesbian Romantic Comedies and the Public Sphere (PhD thesis). University of Queensland.
- Meiri, Sanra; Kohen-Raz, Odeya (2020). Traversing the Fantasy: The Dialectic of Desire/Fantasy and the Ethics of Narrative Cinema. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781501328718.
- Meyerowitz, Joanne (2001). "Sex Research at the Borders of Gender: Transvestites, Transsexuals, and Alfred C. Kinsey". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0032.
- Nakamura, Karen (2013). "Narrating Ourselves: Duped or Duplicitous?". In Bullough, Bonnie (ed.). Gender Blending. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1573921246.
- Nuzzi, Chris (2011) [2006]. "Anime". In Gerstner, David A. (ed.). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture. NY: Routledge. ISBN 9780415569668.
- Ogas, Ogi (2012). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the Internet Tells Us About Sexual Relationships. NY: Plume. ISBN 0452297877.
- Pilbeam, Richard (2018). This Time, We’re the Ones Who’ll Be Treated Like Royalty”: Masculinist Discourses in Online Sexual Transformation Media (PhD thesis). Swinburne University of Technology.
- Roberts, Hilda (1927). "Louisiana Superstitions". Journal of American Folk-Lore. 40 (156): 144–208. doi:10.2307/534893.
- Straayer, Chris (1996). Deviant Eyes, Deviant Bodies: Sexual Re-Orientation in Film and Video. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231079796.
- Talamini, John T. (1982). Boys Will be Girls: The Hidden World of the Heterosexual Male Transvestite. Washington, DC: University Press of America. ISBN 0819124028.
- Veale, Jaimie (2005). Love of Oneself as a Woman: An Investigation into the Sexuality of Trassexual [sic] and Other Women (MA thesis). Massey University.
- Veale, Jaimie F.; Clarke, Dave E.; Lomax, Terri C. (2008). "Sexuality of male-to-female transsexuals". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 37 (4): 586–597. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9306-9.
- Veale, Jaimie F.; Clarke, Dave E.; Lomax, Terri C. (2008). "Reply to Lawrence and Bailey (2008)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (2): 176–177. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9433-y.
- Veale, Jaimie F. (2014). "Evidence against a typology: a taxometric analysis of the sexuality of male-to-female transsexuals". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 43 (6): 586–597. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0275-5.
- Violeta, Karlyn J.; Langer, S. J. (2020). "Integration of Desire, Sexual Orientation, and Female Embodiment of a Transgender Woman Previously Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report". In Jacobson, Gary J.; Niemira, Jan C.; Violeta, Karlyn J. (eds.). Sex, Sexuality and Trans Identities: Clinical Guidance for Psychotherapists and Counselors. London: Jessica Kingsley. ISBN 9781785926174.
- Woods, Sheena Marie (2015). The Fascination of Manga: Cross-dressing and Gender Performativity in Japanese Media (MA thesis). University of Arkansas.
- Yukari, Fujimoto (2004). "Transgender: Female Hermaphrodites and Male Androgynes". U.S.-Japan Women’s Journal (27): 76–117.