City of London (UK Parliament constituency)
City of London | |
---|---|
Former borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
![]() City of London in the Metropolis, 1868-85 | |
1298–1885 | |
Seats | four |
1885–1950 | |
Seats | two |
Replaced by | Cities of London and Westminster (to form north-eastern part of) |
The City of London was a United Kingdom parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1950.
Boundaries and boundary changes
This borough constituency (or 'parliamentary borough/burgh') consisted of the City of London, which is at the very centre of Greater London. The only change by the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 was to include The Temple.[1]
Bounded south by the Thames, the City adjoins Westminster westward, enfranchised in 1545.[2] In other directions a web of tiny liberties and parishes of diverse size adjoined from medieval times until the 20th century. Most of the population of Middlesex was beyond the city's boundaries. From the 17th century three of four new 'divisions' of Ossulstone Hundred adjoined the city reflecting their relative density – Holborn division and Finsbury division to the north and Tower division to the north-east and the east, all enfranchised in 1832.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. Because it was the most important city in England it received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for a constituency. Previous to 1298 from the middle of that century, the intermittent first parliaments, the area's households, officially, could turn to their Middlesex "two knights of the shire" – two members of the Commons – as to their interests in Parliament as the City formed part of the geographic county yet from early times wielded independent administration, its corporation.
The city was represented by four MPs until 1885, when this was cut to two, and in 1950 the constituency was abolished.
The City of London was originally a densely populated area. Before the Reform Act 1832 the composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Namier and Brooke estimated the size of the City electorate, in the latter part of the 18th century, at about 7,000. Only Westminster had a larger size of electorate.
During the 19th and 20th centuries the metropolitan area of London expanded greatly. The resident population of the City fell. People moved to the new definitively urban expansion and suburbs; businesses moved in. However the City authorities did not want to extend their jurisdiction beyond the traditional "square mile" so the constituency was left unchanged as its resident population fell. By 1900 almost all electors in the City qualified through Livery Company membership and lived outside of the city. The business voters were a type of plural voter which when abolished by the Representation of the People Act 1948 meant the City became immediately under-sized in electorate, akin to the least-worst examples of pre-1832 "rotten and pocket boroughs".
In 1950 the area was merged for parliamentary purposes with the eldest parts of the neighbouring City of Westminster, to form the seat Cities of London and Westminster. The pre-1900 heavily subdivided city became simplified for the period 1907 and 1965 into one civil parish, before in that year this level of local government complication was taken away. Statutory protection applied between 1986 and 2011 to prevent division of the City between seats:
There shall continue to be a constituency which shall include the whole of the City of London and the name of which shall refer to the City of London"
— Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 Sch.2 Rule 3 (repealed, 2011)[3]
Members of Parliament 1707–1950
See City of London (elections to the Parliament of England) for citizens known to have represented the City in Parliament before 1707
Parliaments of Great Britain 1707–1800
From | To | Name | Born | Died | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1707 | 1715 | Sir William Withers (T) | c. 1654 | 31 January 1721 | |
1708 | 1710 | John Ward (W) | c. 1650 | 12 March 1726 | |
1710 | 1715 | Sir Richard Hoare (T) | 8 September 1649 | 6 January 1719 | |
1710 | 1714 | Sir George Newland (T) | c. 1646 | 26 March 1714 | |
1710 | 1715 | Sir John Cass (T) | 28 February 1661 | 5 July 1718 | |
1715 | 1722 | Robert Heysham (W) | 16 August 1663 | 25 February 1723 | |
1715 | 1722 | Sir John Ward (W) | c. 1650 | 12 March 1726 | |
1715 | 1724 | Peter Godfrey (T) | 1665 | 10 November 1724 | |
1715 | 1722 | Sir Thomas Scawen (W) | c. 1650 | 22 September 1730 | |
1722 | 1727 | Richard Lockwood (T) | 1676 | 30 August 1756 | |
1722 | 1761 | Sir John Barnard (W) | c. 1685 | 29 August 1764 | |
1722 | 1727 | Francis Child (T) | c. 1684 | 20 April 1740 | |
1724 | 1727 | Sir Richard Hopkins | ... | 2 January 1746 | |
1727 | 1734 | Sir John Eyles, Bt (W) | 1683 | 11 March 1745 | |
1727 | 1741 | Micajah Perry (W) | ... | 22 January 1753 | |
1727 | 1741 | Humphry Parsons (T) | c. 1676 | 21 March 1741 | |
1734 | 1741 | Robert Willimot (T) | ... | 19 December 1746 | |
1741 | 1747 | George Heathcote (T) | 7 December 1700 | 7 June 1768 | |
1741 | 1747 | Sir Daniel Lambert (T) | 7 September 1685 | 13 May 1750 | |
1741 | 1742 | Sir Robert Godschall (T) | c. 1692 | 26 June 1742 | |
1742 | 1754 | Sir William Calvert (W) | c. 1703 | 3 May 1761 | |
1747 | 1758 | Slingsby Bethell (W) | 16 March 1695 | 1 November 1758 | |
1747 | 1754 | Stephen Janssen (W) | ... | 1777 | |
1754 | 1773 | Sir Robert Ladbroke (T) | c. 1713 | 31 October 1773 | |
1754 | 1770 | William Beckford (T) | 19 December 1709 | 21 June 1770 | |
1758 | 1768 | Sir Richard Glyn (T) | 13 June 1711 | 1 January 1773 | |
1761 | 1774 | Hon. Thomas Harley (T) | 24 August 1730 | 1 December 1804 | |
1768 | 1774 | Barlow Trecothick (RW) | c. 1718 | 28 May 1775 | |
1770 | 1780 | Richard Oliver | 7 January 1735 | 16 April 1784 | |
1773 | 1784 | Frederick Bull (R) | c. 1714 | 10 January 1784 | |
1774 | 1780 | John Sawbridge (R) | 1732 | 21 February 1795 | |
1774 | 1781 | George Hayley (R) | ... | 30 August 1781 | |
1780 | 1780 | John Kirkman | 1741 | 19 September 1780 | |
1780 | 1790 | Nathaniel Newnham | c. 1741 | 26 December 1809 | |
1780 | 1795 | John Sawbridge | 1732 | 21 February 1795 | |
1781 | 1796 | Sir Watkin Lewes | c. 1740 | 13 July 1821 | |
1784 | 1793 | Brook Watson | 11 February 1735 | 2 October 1807 | |
1790 | 1800 | Sir William Curtis | 25 January 1752 | 18 January 1829 | |
1793 | 1800 | Sir John Anderson, Bt | c. 1735 | 21 May 1813 | |
1795 | 1800 | William Lushington | 18 January 1747 | 11 September 1823 | |
1796 | 1800 | Harvey Christian Combe | 1752 | 4 July 1818 |
Note:-
- (a) Expelled
Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801
MPs 1801–1885
MPs 1885–1950
Elections
In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one to four (or up to two in two-member elections 1885–1950) candidates, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections to fill four seats.
In by-elections, to fill a single-seat, the first past the post system applied.
After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In multi-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by four (to 1868), three (1868–1885) and two thereafter. To the extent that electors did not use all their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout.
Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.
Candidates for whom no party has been identified are classified as non-partisan. The candidate might have been associated with a party or faction in Parliament or consider himself to belong to a particular political tradition. Political parties before the 19th century were not as cohesive or organised as they later became. Contemporary commentators (even the reputed leaders of parties or factions) in the 18th century did not necessarily agree who the party supporters were. The traditional parties, which had arisen in the late 17th century, became increasingly irrelevant to politics in the 18th century (particularly after 1760), although for some contests in some constituencies party labels were still used. It was only towards the end of the century that party labels began to acquire some meaning again, although this process was by no means complete for several more generations.
Sources: The results are based on the History of Parliament Trust's volumes on the House of Commons in various periods from 1715 to 1820, Stooks Smith from 1820 until 1832 and Craig from 1832. Where Stooks Smith gives additional information this is indicated in a note. See references below for further details of these sources.
Dates of general and by-elections from 1660 to 1715 (excluding general elections at which no new MP was returned)
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Parliament of Great Britain election results 1713–1800
1710s –
1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s |
Elections in the 1710s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Richard Hoare | 3,842 | 12.84 | N/A | |
Tory | George Newland | 3,826 | 12.78 | N/A | |
Tory | John Cass | 3,802 | 12.70 | N/A | |
Tory | William Withers | 3,763 | 12.57 | N/A | |
Whig | John Ward | 3,730 | 12.46 | N/A | |
Whig | Robert Heysham | 3,688 | 12.32 | N/A | |
Whig | Peter Godfrey | 3,657 | 12.22 | N/A | |
Whig | Thomas Scawen | 3,625 | 12.11 | N/A |
- 6,787 voted. The losing candidates demanded a scrutiny, which did not change the result. (Source: Copy of the pollbook)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Robert Heysham | 3,499 | 13.86 | N/A | |
Whig | John Ward | 3,475 | 13.76 | N/A | |
Tory | Peter Godfrey | 3,471 | 13.75 | N/A | |
Whig | Thomas Scawen | 3,439 | 13.62 | N/A | |
Tory | John Cass | 2,884 | 11.42 | N/A | |
Tory | William Withers | 2,879 | 11.40 | N/A | |
Tory | William Stewart | 2,828 | 11.20 | N/A | |
Tory | George Mertinns | 2,774 | 10.99 | N/A |
Elections in the 1720s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Richard Lockwood | 4,235 | 18.40 | +18.40 | |
Whig | John Barnard | 3,980 | 17.29 | +17.29 | |
Tory | Peter Godfrey | 3,852 | 16.74 | +2.99 | |
Tory | Francis Child | 3,784 | 16.44 | +16.44 | |
Tory | Humphrey Parsons | 3,593 | 15.61 | +15.61 | |
Whig | Robert Heysham | 3,573 | 15.52 | +1.66 |
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Lockwood 4,025; Barnard 3,840; Godfrey 3,723; Child 3,575; Heysham 3,441; Parsons 3,393.
- Death of Godfrey 10 November 1724
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Richard Hopkins | 3,332 | 53.37 | +53.37 | |
Nonpartisan | Charles Goodfellow | 2,911 | 46.63 | +46.63 | |
Majority | 421 | 6.74 | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan gain from Tory | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Eyles | 3,643 | 13.71 | +13.71 | |
Whig | John Barnard | 3,620 | 13.62 | −3.67 | |
Whig | Micajah Perry | 3,494 | 13.15 | +13.15 | |
Tory | Humphry Parsons | 3,370 | 12.68 | −2.93 | |
Nonpartisan | John Thompson | 3,340 | 12.57 | +12.57 | |
Tory | Richard Lockwood | 3,086 | 11.61 | −6.79 | |
Nonpartisan | John Williams | 3,017 | 11.35 | +11.35 | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Hopkins | 3,010 | 11.32 | +11.32 |
- After a scrutiny the members returned were unchanged and vote totals were amended to Eyles 3,539; Barnard 3,514; Perry 3,396; Parsons 3,255; Thompson 3,244; Lockwood 2,977; Hopkins 2,921; Williams 2,914.
Elections in the 1730s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Humphrey Parsons | 3,932 | 21.92 | +9.24 | |
Whig | John Barnard | 3,841 | 21.41 | +7.79 | |
Whig | Micajah Perry | 3,725 | 20.76 | +7.61 | |
Tory | Robert Willimot | 2,984 | 16.63 | +16.63 | |
Tory | John Barber | 2,381 | 13.27 | +13.27 | |
Tory | Robert Godschall | 1,078 | 6.01 | +6.01 |
- Note (1734): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1740s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Barnard | 3,769 | 21.35 | −0.06 | |
Tory | George Heathcote | 3,322 | 18.82 | +18.82 | |
Tory | Daniel Lambert | 3,217 | 18.23 | +18.23 | |
Tory | Robert Godschall | 3,143 | 17.81 | +11.80 | |
Whig | Micajah Perry | 1,713 | 9.71 | −11.05 | |
Nonpartisan | Edward Bellamy | 1,312 | 7.43 | +7.43 | |
Nonpartisan | Edward Vernon | 1,175 | 6.66 | +6.66 |
- Note (1741): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Godschall 26 June 1742
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Calvert | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Whig gain from Tory | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Calvert | 3,806 | 20.85 | +20.85 | |
Whig | John Barnard | 3,781 | 20.71 | −0.64 | |
Whig | Slingsby Bethell | 3,146 | 17.23 | +17.23 | |
Whig | Stephen Janssen | 3,008 | 16.48 | +16.48 | |
Tory | Daniel Lambert | 2,530 | 13.86 | −4.37 | |
Tory | Robert Ladbroke | 1,986 | 10.88 | +10.88 |
Elections in the 1750s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Barnard | 3,553 | 18.96 | −1.75 | |
Whig | Slingsby Bethell | 3,547 | 18.93 | +1.70 | |
Tory | Robert Ladbroke | 3,390 | 18.09 | +7.21 | |
Tory | William Beckford | 2,941 | 15.70 | +15.70 | |
Tory | Richard Glyn | 2,655 | 14.17 | +14.17 | |
Whig | William Calvert | 2,650 | 14.14 | −6.71 |
- Note (1754): Poll 7 days, 5,931 voted (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Bethell 1 November 1758
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Richard Glyn | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Tory gain from Whig | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1760s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Robert Ladbroke | 4,306 | 23.36 | +5.27 | |
Tory | Thomas Harley | 3,983 | 21.61 | +21.61 | |
Tory | William Beckford | 3,663 | 19.87 | +4.17 | |
Tory | Richard Glyn | 3,285 | 17.83 | +3.66 | |
Whig | Samuel Fludyer | 3,193 | 17.32 | +17.32 |
- Note (1761): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pro-Government | Thomas Harley | 3,729 | 19.02 | −2.59 | |
Independent Opposition | Robert Ladbroke | 3,678 | 18.76 | −4.60 | |
Nonpartisan | William Beckford | 3,402 | 17.35 | −2.52 | |
Rockingham Whigs | Barlow Trecothick | 2,957 | 15.08 | +15.08 | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Glyn | 2,823 | 14.40 | −3.43 | |
Nonpartisan | John Paterson | 1,769 | 9.02 | +9.02 | |
Radical | John Wilkes | 1,247 | 6.36 | +6.36 |
Elections in the 1770s
- Death of Beckford 21 June 1770
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radical | Richard Oliver | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Ladbroke 31 October 1773
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radical | Frederick Bull | 2,695 | 52.07 | New | |
Nonpartisan | John Roberts | 2,481 | 47.93 | New | |
Majority | 214 | 4.14 | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radical | John Sawbridge | 3,456 | 17.8 | New | |
Radical | George Hayley | 3,390 | 17.5 | New | |
Independent Radical/Opposition | Richard Oliver | 3,354 | 17.3 | New | |
Radical | Frederick Bull | 3,096 | 15.9 | New | |
Nonpartisan | William Baker | 2,802 | 14.4 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Brass Crosby | 1,913 | 9.9 | New | |
Nonpartisan | John Roberts | 1,398 | 7.2 | New |
Elections in the 1780s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | George Hayley | 4,062 | 21.63 | +4.16 | |
Nonpartisan | John Kirkman | 3,804 | 20.26 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Frederick Bull | 3,150 | 16.77 | +0.83 | |
Nonpartisan | Nathaniel Newnham | 3,036 | 16.17 | New | |
Nonpartisan | John Sawbridge | 2,957 | 15.75 | −2.06 | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Clarke | 1,771 | 9.43 | New |
- Death of Kirkman 19 September 1780
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Sawbridge | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Hayley 30 August 1781
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Watkin Lewes | 2,685 | 53.05 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Clarke | 2,387 | 46.95 | +37.50 | |
Majority | 309 | 6.10 | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Bull 10 January 1784
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Brook Watson | 2,097 | 66.78 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Brass Crosby | 1,043 | 33.22 | New | |
Majority | 1,054 | 33.56 | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Note (1784 be): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Brook Watson | 4,776 | 24.19 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Watkin Lewes | 4,541 | 23.00 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Nathaniel Newnham | 4,467 | 22.56 | +6.49 | |
Nonpartisan | John Sawbridge | 2,812 | 14.24 | −1.51 | |
Nonpartisan | Richard Atkinson | 2,803 | 14.20 | New | |
Nonpartisan | Samuel Smith | 286 | 1.50 | New | |
Nonpartisan | William Pitt | 56 | 0.31 | New |
- Note (1784): Poll 7 days. Mr Pitt was returned on the show of hands, but retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1790s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | William Curtis | 4,346 | 22.16 | +22.16 | |
Nonpartisan | Brook Watson | 4,101 | 20.91 | −3.28 | |
Nonpartisan | Watkin Lewes | 3,747 | 19.10 | −3.90 | |
Nonpartisan | John Sawbridge | 3,686 | 18.79 | +4.55 | |
Nonpartisan | Nathaniel Newnham | 2,670 | 13.61 | −9.02 | |
Nonpartisan | William Pickett | 1,064 | 5.42 | +5.42 |
- Note (1790): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Appointment of Watson as Commissary General
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | John Anderson | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Note (1793): Mr Newnham was a candidate, but declined to go to the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Sawbridge 21 February 1795
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | William Lushington | 2,334 | 59.94 | +59.94 | |
Nonpartisan | Harvey Christian Combe | 1,560 | 40.06 | +40.06 | |
Majority | 774 | 19.88 | N/A | ||
Nonpartisan hold | Swing | N/A |
- Note (1795): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | William Lushington | 4,379 | 20.97 | +20.97 | |
Nonpartisan | William Curtis | 4,313 | 20.66 | −1.50 | |
Nonpartisan | Harvey Christian Combe | 3,865 | 18.51 | +18.51 | |
Nonpartisan | John Anderson | 3,170 | 15.18 | +15.18 | |
Nonpartisan | William Pickett | 2,795 | 13.39 | +7.97 | |
Nonpartisan | Watkin Lewes | 2,356 | 11.28 | −7.82 |
- Note (1796): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (4 seats) 1801–1885
1800s –
1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s |
Elections in the 1800s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Harvey Christian Combe | 3,377 | 23.91 | +5.40 | |
Tory | Charles Price | 3,236 | 22.91 | +22.91 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 2,989 | 21.16 | +0.50 | |
Tory | John Anderson | 2,387 | 16.90 | +1.72 | |
Whig | Benjamin Travers | 1,371 | 9.71 | +9.71 | |
Nonpartisan | Watkin Lewes | 652 | 4.62 | −6.66 | |
Nonpartisan | William Lushington | 113 | 0.80 | −20.17 |
- Note (1802): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Harvey Christian Combe | 2,294 | 24.11 | +0.20 | |
Tory | James Shaw | 2,275 | 23.91 | +23.91 | |
Tory | Charles Price | 2,254 | 23.69 | +0.78 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 2,213 | 23.26 | +2.10 | |
Tory | John Atkins | 314 | 3.30 | +3.30 | |
Whig | John Hankey | 164 | 1.72 | +1.72 |
- Note (1806): Poll 3 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Charles Price | 3,117 | 26.30 | +2.61 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 3,059 | 25.81 | +2.55 | |
Tory | James Shaw | 2,863 | 24.15 | +0.24 | |
Whig | Harvey Christian Combe | 2,588 | 21.83 | −2.28 | |
Whig | John Hankey | 226 | 1.91 | +0.19 |
- Note (1807): Mr Hankey died on the afternoon of the first day's polling. All the candidates voted for him. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1810s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Harvey Christian Combe | 5,125 | 22.85 | +1.02 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 4,577 | 20.40 | −5.41 | |
Tory | James Shaw | 4,082 | 18.20 | −5.95 | |
Tory | John Atkins | 3,645 | 16.25 | +16.25 | |
Whig | Robert Waithman | 2,622 | 11.69 | +11.69 | |
Whig | Matthew Wood | 2,373 | 10.58 | +10.58 | |
Nonpartisan | Claudius Hunter | 8 | 0.04 | +0.04 |
- Note (1812): Mr Hunter, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, retired before the poll. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of Combe
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Matthew Wood | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Matthew Wood | 5,700 | 22.38 | +11.80 | |
Tory | Thomas Wilson | 4,829 | 18.96 | +18.96 | |
Whig | Robert Waithman | 4,693 | 18.43 | +6.74 | |
Whig | John Thorp | 4,335 | 17.02 | +17.02 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 4,224 | 16.58 | −3.82 | |
Tory | John Atkins | 1,688 | 6.63 | −9.62 |
- Note (1818): Poll 7 days, 7,978 voted. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1820s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Matthew Wood | 5,370 | 19.22 | −3.16 | |
Tory | Thomas Wilson | 5,358 | 19.18 | +0.22 | |
Tory | William Curtis | 4,908 | 17.57 | +0.99 | |
Tory | George Bridges | 4,259 | 15.25 | +15.25 | |
Whig | Robert Waithman | 4,119 | 14.74 | −3.69 | |
Whig | John Thorp | 3,921 | 14.04 | −2.98 |
- Note (1820): Poll 7 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | William Thompson | 6,483 | 24.71 | +24.71 | |
Whig | Robert Waithman | 5,042 | 19.21 | +4.47 | |
Tory | William Ward | 4,991 | 19.02 | +19.02 | |
Whig | Matthew Wood | 4,880 | 18.60 | −0.62 | |
Whig | William Venables | 4,514 | 17.20 | +17.20 | |
Whig | Alderman Garrett | 330 | 1.26 | +1.26 |
- Note (1826): Poll 7 days. 8,639 voted. Alderman Garrett was proposed without his consent. (Source: Stooks Smith)
Elections in the 1830s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | William Thompson | Unopposed | |||
Whig | Robert Waithman | Unopposed | |||
Tory | William Ward | Unopposed | |||
Whig | Matthew Wood | Unopposed | |||
Tory hold | |||||
Whig hold | |||||
Tory hold | |||||
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | William Thompson | Unopposed | |||
Whig | Robert Waithman | Unopposed | |||
Whig | Matthew Wood | Unopposed | |||
Whig | William Venables | Unopposed | |||
Tory hold | |||||
Whig hold | |||||
Whig hold | |||||
Whig gain from Tory |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radical | George Grote | 8,412 | 23.9 | New | |
Whig | Matthew Wood | 7,488 | 21.3 | N/A | |
Whig | Robert Waithman | 7,452 | 21.2 | N/A | |
Whig | John Key | 6,136 | 17.4 | N/A | |
Tory | George Lyall | 5,112 | 14.5 | N/A | |
Radical | Michael Scales (politician) | 569 | 1.6 | New | |
Turnout | 11,500 | 61.9 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 18,584 | ||||
Majority | 924 | 2.6 | N/A | ||
Radical gain from Tory | Swing | N/A | |||
Majority | 1,024 | 2.9 | N/A | ||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Waithman 6 February 1833
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | George Lyall | 5,569 | 55.2 | +40.7 | |
Whig | William Venables | 4,527 | 44.8 | −15.1 | |
Majority | 1,042 | 10.4 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,096 | 54.3 | −7.6 | ||
Registered electors | 18,584 | ||||
Tory gain from Whig | Swing | +27.9 |
- Resignation of Key by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | William Crawford | 4,041 | 66.8 | +6.9 | |
Tory | Francis Kemble | 2,004 | 33.2 | +18.7 | |
Majority | 2,037 | 33.6 | +30.7 | ||
Turnout | 6,045 | 32.5 | −29.4 | ||
Registered electors | 18,584 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | −5.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Matthew Wood | 6,418 | 16.9 | −4.4 | |
Whig | James Pattison | 6,050 | 15.9 | −5.3 | |
Whig | William Crawford | 5,961 | 15.7 | −1.7 | |
Radical | George Grote | 5,955 | 15.6 | −8.3 | |
Conservative | George Lyall | 4,599 | 12.1 | +7.3 | |
Conservative | William Ward | 4,560 | 12.0 | +7.2 | |
Conservative | Thomas Wilson | 4,514 | 11.9 | +7.1 | |
Turnout | 11,456 | 62.6 | −0.7 | ||
Registered electors | 18,288 | ||||
Majority | 6 | 0.1 | −2.8 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | −4.9 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | −5.4 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | −3.6 | |||
Majority | 1,356 | 3.5 | +0.9 | ||
Radical hold | Swing | −6.9 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Matthew Wood | 6,517 | 21.4 | +4.5 | |
Whig | William Crawford | 6,071 | 20.0 | +4.3 | |
Whig | James Pattison | 6,070 | 20.0 | +4.1 | |
Radical | George Grote | 5,879 | 19.3 | +3.7 | |
Conservative | John Hinde Palmer | 5,873 | 19.3 | −16.7 | |
Turnout | 11,932 | 60.6 | −2.0 | ||
Registered electors | 19,678 | ||||
Majority | 191 | 0.7 | +0.6 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | +4.3 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +4.2 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +4.1 | |||
Majority | 6 | 0.0 | −3.6 | ||
Radical hold | Swing | +3.9 |
Elections in the 1840s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Masterman | 6,339 | 12.8 | +8.0 | |
Whig | Matthew Wood | 6,315 | 12.8 | −8.6 | |
Conservative | George Lyall | 6,290 | 12.7 | +7.9 | |
Whig | John Russell | 6,221 | 12.6 | New | |
Conservative | Matthias Wolverley Attwood | 6,212 | 12.5 | +7.7 | |
Whig | James Pattison | 6,070 | 12.3 | −7.7 | |
Whig | William Crawford | 6,065 | 12.2 | −7.8 | |
Conservative | John Pirie | 6,017 | 12.1 | +7.3 | |
Turnout | 12,383 (est) | 64.9 (est) | +4.3 | ||
Registered electors | 19,068 | ||||
Majority | 24 | 0.0 | N/A | ||
Conservative gain from Radical | Swing | N/A | |||
Majority | 25 | 0.0 | −0.7 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | −8.2 | |||
Majority | 69 | 0.0 | N/A | ||
Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +8.0 | |||
Majority | 9 | 0.1 | −0.6 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Wood 25 September 1843
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | James Pattison | 6,532 | 50.6 | +0.7 | |
Conservative | Thomas Charles Baring | 6,367 | 49.4 | −0.7 | |
Majority | 165 | 1.2 | +1.2 | ||
Turnout | 12,899 | 64.4 | −0.5 | ||
Registered electors | 20,030 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | +0.7 |
- Appointment of Russell as Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Russell | 7,137 | 14.3 | +1.7 | |
Whig | James Pattison | 7,030 | 14.1 | +1.8 | |
Whig | Lionel de Rothschild | 6,792 | 13.6 | +0.8 | |
Conservative | John Masterman | 6,722 | 13.5 | +0.7 | |
Whig | George Larpent[16] | 6,719 | 13.5 | +1.3 | |
Conservative | Robert Cooper Lee Bevan[17] | 5,268 | 10.5 | −2.2 | |
Conservative | John Johnson (London candidate) | 5,069 | 10.1 | −2.4 | |
Conservative | James William Freshfield | 4,704 | 9.4 | −2.7 | |
Radical | William Payne[18] | 513 | 1.0 | New | |
Turnout | 13,437 | 67.0 | +2.1 | ||
Registered electors | 20,057 | ||||
Majority | 70 | 0.1 | +0.1 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | +1.7 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +1.7 | |||
Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +1.2 | |||
Majority | 3 | 0.0 | — | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | −0.4 |
- Note (1847): De Rothschild and Payne were classified as Reformer candidates. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Lionel de Rothschild | 6,017 | 68.1 | +12.6 | |
Conservative | John Manners | 2,814 | 31.9 | −11.6 | |
Majority | 3,203 | 36.2 | +36.1 | ||
Turnout | 8,831 | 41.5 | −25.5 | ||
Registered electors | 21,270 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | +12.1 |
- Note (1849): De Rothschild was classified as a Reformer candidate. (Source: Stooks Smith)
- Death of Pattison June 1849
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | James Duke | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
Elections in the 1850s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Masterman | 6,195 | 24.3 | −19.2 | |
Whig | John Russell | 5,537 | 21.7 | +7.4 | |
Whig | James Duke | 5,270 | 20.7 | +6.6 | |
Whig | Lionel de Rothschild | 4,748 | 18.6 | +5.0 | |
Whig | Robert Wigram Crawford | 3,765 | 14.8 | +1.3 | |
Majority | 658 | 2.6 | +2.6 | ||
Turnout | 11,025 (est) | 53.2 (est) | −13.8 | ||
Registered electors | 20,728 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −19.8 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +6.1 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +5.7 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +4.9 |
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
- Appointment of Russell as Lord President of the Council
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for the Colonies
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | James Duke | 6,664 | 22.4 | +1.7 | |
Whig | Lionel de Rothschild | 6,398 | 21.5 | +2.9 | |
Whig | John Russell | 6,308 | 21.2 | −0.5 | |
Whig | Robert Wigram Crawford | 5,808 | 19.6 | +4.8 | |
Whig | Raikes Currie | 4,519 | 15.2 | N/A | |
Majority | 1,289 | 4.4 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 7,424 (est) | 38.8 (est) | −14.4 | ||
Registered electors | 19,115 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Whig hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |
- Resignation of de Rothschild to seek re-election after rejection of the Jewish Disabilities Bill
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Lionel de Rothschild | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | James Duke | Unopposed | |||
Liberal | Lionel de Rothschild | Unopposed | |||
Liberal | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Liberal | Robert Wigram Crawford | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 19,026 | ||||
Liberal hold | |||||
Liberal hold | |||||
Liberal hold | |||||
Liberal hold |
- Appointment of Russell as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Russell | Unopposed | |||
Liberal hold |
Elections in the 1860s
- Creation of Russell as the 1st Earl Russell
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Western Wood | 5,747 | 52.3 | N/A | |
Conservative | William Cubitt | 5,241 | 47.7 | New | |
Majority | 506 | 4.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,988 | 59.2 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 18,562 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | N/A |
- Death of Wood 17 May 1863
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Goschen | Unopposed | |||
Liberal hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Goschen | 7,102 | 19.9 | N/A | |
Liberal | Robert Wigram Crawford | 7,086 | 19.9 | N/A | |
Liberal | William Lawrence | 6,637 | 18.6 | N/A | |
Liberal | Lionel de Rothschild | 6,525 | 18.3 | N/A | |
Conservative | George Lyall | 4,197 | 11.8 | New | |
Conservative | Robert Fowler | 4,086 | 11.5 | New | |
Majority | 2,328 | 6.5 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,529 (est) | 67.8 (est) | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 15,534 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | N/A |
- Appointment of Goschen as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Goschen | Unopposed | |||
Liberal hold |
In 1868 the limited vote was introduced, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections of the City of London's four MPs.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Goschen | 6,520 | 15.1 | −4.8 | |
Liberal | Robert Wigram Crawford | 6,258 | 14.5 | −5.4 | |
Liberal | William Lawrence | 6,215 | 14.4 | −4.2 | |
Conservative | Charles Bell | 6,130 | 14.2 | +2.4 | |
Conservative | Philip Twells | 6,099 | 14.1 | +2.6 | |
Conservative | Sills John Gibbons | 6,013 | 13.9 | New | |
Liberal | Lionel de Rothschild | 5,995 | 13.9 | −4.4 | |
Turnout | 12,328 (est) | 61.1 (est) | −6.7 | ||
Registered electors | 20,185 | ||||
Majority | 85 | 0.2 | −6.3 | ||
Liberal hold | Swing | −3.7 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | −4.0 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | −4.6 | |||
Majority | 135 | 0.3 | N/A | ||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +2.5 |
- Note (1868): Craig refers to R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was L.N. de Rothschild
- Appointment of Goschen as President of the Poor Law Board
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | George Goschen | Unopposed | |||
Liberal hold |
- Death of Bell 9 February 1869
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Lionel de Rothschild | Unopposed | |||
Liberal gain from Conservative |
Elections in the 1870s
The limited vote was in use, which restricted an individual elector to using one, two or three votes, in elections of the City of London's four MPs.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Cotton | 8,397 | 18.7 | +4.5 | |
Conservative | Philip Twells | 8,330 | 18.6 | +4.5 | |
Conservative | John Hubbard | 8,210 | 18.3 | +4.4 | |
Liberal | George Goschen | 6,787 | 15.1 | 0.0 | |
Liberal | William Lawrence | 6,654 | 14.8 | +0.4 | |
Liberal | Lionel de Rothschild | 6,490 | 14.5 | +0.6 | |
Majority | 1,423 | 3.2 | +2.9 | ||
Turnout | 14,956 (est) | 66.1 (est) | +5.0 | ||
Registered electors | 22,626 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +2.1 | |||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +2.1 | |||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +2.0 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | −2.2 |
- Note (1874): Craig refers to R.N. de Rothschild, but Stenton confirms the candidate was L.N. de Rothschild
Elections in the 1880s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Cotton | 10,326 | 21.3 | +2.6 | |
Conservative | Robert Fowler | 10,274 | 21.2 | +2.6 | |
Conservative | John Hubbard | 10,256 | 21.2 | +2.9 | |
Liberal | William Lawrence | 5,950 | 12.3 | −2.5 | |
Liberal | Richard Martin | 5,837 | 12.1 | −3.0 | |
Liberal | Walter Morrison | 5,743 | 11.9 | −2.6 | |
Majority | 4,306 | 8.9 | +5.7 | ||
Turnout | 16,129 (est) | 67.1 (est) | +1.0 | ||
Registered electors | 24,042 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +2.6 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +2.8 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +2.8 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | −2.6 |
- Reduction of constituency to two seats, in the 1885 redistribution
Parliament of the United Kingdom election results (2 seats) 1885–1950
1880s – |
Elections in the 1880s
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Robert_Nicholas_Fowler%2C_1st_Bt%2C_by_Frank_Holl.jpg/120px-Robert_Nicholas_Fowler%2C_1st_Bt%2C_by_Frank_Holl.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert Fowler | 12,827 | 38.8 | +17.6 | |
Conservative | John Hubbard | 8,802 | 26.7 | +5.5 | |
Liberal | Stephen Low | 5,817 | 17.6 | +5.3 | |
Ind. Conservative | William Cotton | 5,563 | 16.9 | −4.4 | |
Turnout | 33,009 | 68.6 | +1.5 (est) | ||
Majority | 2,985 | 9.1 | +7.2 | ||
Registered electors | 29,152 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +7.5 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +1.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert Fowler | Unopposed | |||
Conservative | John Hubbard | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Fowler was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Addington, requiring a by-election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Thomas Charles Baring | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Elections in the 1890s
Baring's death caused a by-election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Hucks Gibbs | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Fowler's death caused a by-election.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Reginald Hanson | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Reginald Hanson | 10,556 | 44.0 | N/A | |
Conservative | Alban Gibbs | 9,258 | 38.5 | N/A | |
Ind. Conservative | James Ritchie (Conservative politician) | 4,207 | 17.5 | New | |
Majority | 5,051 | 21.0 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 13,490 (est) | 41.3 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 32,664 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alban Gibbs | Unopposed | |||
Conservative | Reginald Hanson | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Elections in the 1900s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alban Gibbs | Unopposed | |||
Conservative | Joseph Dimsdale | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alban Gibbs | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sir_Edward_Clarke.jpg/120px-Sir_Edward_Clarke.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/Felix_Schuster.jpg/120px-Felix_Schuster.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/West_Ridgeway.jpg/120px-West_Ridgeway.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Clarke | 16,019 | 38.0 | N/A | |
Conservative | Alban Gibbs | 15,619 | 37.2 | N/A | |
Liberal | Felix Schuster | 5,313 | 12.7 | New | |
Liberal | Joseph West Ridgeway | 5,064 | 12.1 | New | |
Majority | 10,306 | 24.5 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 44,015 | 68.7 | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 31,030 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/A.J._Balfour_LCCN2014682753_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-A.J._Balfour_LCCN2014682753_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Arthur Balfour | 15,474 | 78.9 | +3.7 | |
Free Trader | Thomas Gibson Bowles | 4,134 | 21.1 | New | |
Majority | 11,340 | 57.8 | +33.3 | ||
Turnout | 19,608 | 63.2 | −5.5 | ||
Registered electors | 31,030 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Frederick_Banbury.jpg/120px-Frederick_Banbury.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Frederick Banbury | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
Elections in the 1910s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Arthur Balfour | 17,907 | 45.0 | +7.0 | |
Conservative | Frederick Banbury | 17,302 | 43.4 | +6.2 | |
Liberal | Hugh Bell | 4,623 | 11.6 | −13.2 | |
Turnout | 39,832 | 74.7 | +6.0 | ||
Registered electors | 30,010 | ||||
Majority | 12,679 | 31.8 | +7.3 | ||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Arthur Balfour | Unopposed | |||
Conservative | Frederick Banbury | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Unionist | Arthur Balfour | Unopposed | ||
C | Unionist | Frederick Banbury | Unopposed | ||
Unionist hold | |||||
Unionist hold | |||||
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. |
Elections in the 1920s
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bowater_4586276615_645365ed26_o.jpg/120px-Bowater_4586276615_645365ed26_o.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Edward Grenfell | 10,114 | 62.08 | N/A | |
Ind. Conservative | Vansittart Bowater | 6,178 | 37.92 | New | |
Majority | 3,936 | 24.16 | New | ||
Turnout | 44,083 | 36.96 | N/A | ||
Unionist hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Frederick Banbury | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist | Edward Grenfell | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Frederick Banbury | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist | Edward Grenfell | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Vansittart Bowater | 12,962 | 70.11 | N/A | |
Liberal | Henry Bell | 5,525 | 29.89 | New | |
Majority | 7,437 | 40.22 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 44,130 | 41.89 | N/A | ||
Unionist hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Vansittart Bowater | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist | Edward Grenfell | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Unionist hold | Swing |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Thomas_Owen_Jacobsen.jpg/120px-Thomas_Owen_Jacobsen.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Vansittart Bowater | 16,149 | 43.9 | N/A | |
Unionist | Edward Grenfell | 16,092 | 43.7 | N/A | |
Liberal | Thomas Owen Jacobsen | 4,579 | 12.4 | New | |
Majority | 11,513 | 31.3 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 46,469 | 45.2 | N/A | ||
Unionist hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1930s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Vansittart Bowater | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative | Edward Grenfell | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alan Anderson | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Alan Anderson | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative | Vansittart Bowater | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | George Broadbridge | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1940s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Andrew Duncan | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
National gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Andrew Duncan | 5,332 | 39.48 | N/A | |
Conservative | George Broadbridge | 5,309 | 39.31 | N/A | |
Liberal | Andrew McFadyean | 1,487 | 11.01 | New | |
Independent | S. W. Alexander | 1,379 | 10.21 | New | |
Majority | 23 | 0.17 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,851 | 63.9 | N/A | ||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Ralph Assheton | 4,506 | 74.99 | +74.99 | |
Liberal | Arthur Comyns Carr | 1,503 | 25.01 | +14.00 | |
Majority | 3,003 | 49.98 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 11,650 | 51.58 | −12.3 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
See also
- Duration of English, British and United Kingdom parliaments from 1660
- List of parliamentary constituencies in London
- Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)
References
- ^ "2 & 3 Will. 4 c. 64 Schedule O 22". The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 2 & 3 William IV. London: His Majesty's Statute and Law Printers. 1832. p. 351. Retrieved 2 August 2019.; Commissioners on Proposed Division of Counties and Boundaries of Boroughs (20 January 1832). "City of London". Parliamentary Representation: Further Return to an Address to His Majesty, Dated 12 December, 1831; for Copies of Instructions Given by the Secretary of State for the Home Department with Reference to Parliamentary Representation; Likewise Copies of Letters of Reports Received by the Secretary of State for the Home Department in Answer to Such Instructions. Reports from Commissioners on Proposed Division of Counties and Boundaries of Boroughs. Volume II Part I. Parliamentary Papers. Vol. 1831–32 HC 39 (141) 1. p. 117. Retrieved 2 August 2019.; also Metropolitan Boroughs Map included with the report.
- ^ [The House of Commons 1509–1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)]
- ^ Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 Sch.2 (as enacted) See instead substituted Sch.2 (16.2.2011) by Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 (c. 1), ss. 11(1), 19(1) (with s. 13(5))
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 209–212. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
- ^ a b c "Dublin Evening Packet and Correspondent". 27 July 1837. p. 2. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b Fisher, David R. (2009). "London". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ^ Beaven, Alfred P. (1908). The Aldermen of the City of London Temp. Henry III - 1912. London: British History Online. pp. 261–297. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ^ a b Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Sir John Key, Bart". The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. 10 May 1834. p. 3. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
- ^ a b "Kentish Gazette". 3 October 1843. p. 2. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b "Lord John Russell's Speech to the Electors of the City of London". Derby Mercury. 28 July 1847. p. 6. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Local News and Table Talk". Cheltenham Chronicle. 5 July 1849. p. 3. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Imperial Parliament". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 31 May 1851. p. 8. Retrieved 13 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Harwich Election". Morning Post. 29 May 1851. p. 4. Retrieved 13 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Election News". Leeds Intelligencer. 7 August 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "English Cities and Boroughs". Globe. 20 August 1847. p. 1. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "North Wales Chronicle". 6 July 1847. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 21 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
- ^ WGK. "1945 By Elections". Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
Bibliography
- Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1972)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1974)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
- The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
- The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
- The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
- Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
- The Times, various editions, was used to obtain dates of elections or unopposed returns and first names of candidates not available in the above books (from 1885 to 1910). The dates of declarations are used before 1885 and the dates of the General Election polling day from 1918.
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 3)