Mathilde Carré

Mathilde Carré (30 June 1908 – 30 May 2007), née Mathilde Lucie Bélard and known as "La Chatte", was a French Resistance agent during World War II who betrayed and turned double agent.

Early life

Carré was born in Le Creusot, Saône-et-Loire. In the 1930s she attended Sorbonne University and became a teacher. After her marriage, she moved to Algeria with her husband, Maurice Carré, who was later killed in World War II, during the Italian campaign.

World War II

She returned to France, worked as a nurse and witnessed her country fall to the Germans. In 1940, she met Polish Air Force Captain Roman Czerniawski, whose cryptonym was "Walenty" to the Poles and "Armand" or "Victor" to the French. Carré, who had contacts with the Vichy Second Bureau, joined the headquarters section of his Franco-Polish Interallié espionage network, based in Paris under the cryptonym "Victoire" (as all of the headquarters section staff had "V" initial names in a network that named its agents and their sectors or areas of coverage for given names grouped by the letters of the alphabet), but she was nicknamed La Chatte, ("The She-cat") for her feline predatory and stealthy propensities.

On 17 November 1941, the Abwehr's Hugo Bleicher arrested Czerniawski, Carré and many other members of Interallié. They had been uncovered when an informant in Normandy had been exposed to the Gestapo. She was interrogated by him, threatened with death, offered a financial reward and agreed to become a double agent herself and to reveal all of the members of the network known to her. She began to work for Germans continuing to use the codename Victoire and may also have become Bleicher's mistress.

Pierre de Vomécourt, an agent of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) of Great Britain, had no wireless operator, and no means of communicating with London. He needed money as he had financed nearly all the expenses of the network from his own pocket. Through an attorney in Paris, he was introduced on 26 December 1942 to Carré who was a leader of a Franco/Polish espionage network known as INTERALLIÉ. She said she had access to a wireless and could arrange for the transmittal of messages from Voméecourt to London. He was initially suspicious and tested her with a message to London asking SOE for money. Two days later SOE responded and Carré told him a British agent would give him the money in Vichy. Vomécourt went to Vichy and received the money. SOE headquarters was aware of Interallié and had been working with them.

What neither SOE headquarters nor Vomécourt knew was that Interallié was "burned" and that Carré was working for the German intelligence agency, the Abwehr. In October 1941, the Interallié had come to the attention of the Germans and a sergeant who spoke French, Hugo Bleicher, was tasked with infiltrating the network. A captured agent gave Bleicher names and addresses of Interallié members. In November, twenty-one members of Interallié were arrested by the Abwehr in Cherbourg and on 17 November the leaders, including Carré, were arrested in Paris. The Germans also captured four radio transmitters. Bleicher persuaded Carré, with the option of being executed otherwise, to work for the Germans. Carré introduced Bleicher to Vomécourt as "Jean Castell," a Belgian resistance leader. Carré also became Bleicher's lover.

Vomécourt was still suspicious of Carré and in January 1942, his suspicions were heightened. He asked her to procure forged identity cards and she complied quickly, too quickly in his opinion and the cards were too good. Challenged, she admitted she was working for the Germans. Vomécourt then hatched a plan for Carré to persuade the Germans that she should go to SOE headquarters in London with him. Carré said whe persuaded Bleicher and the Germans that she could return to France with valuable information about SOE. The Abwehr accepted her story and in early February, sent a message to London, supposedly from Vomécourt, requesting immediate evacuation from France of Vomécourt and Carré, saying their lives were in danger. After many misadventures, the two reached England via a British naval vessel on 27 February. This was the end of Carré's career as a double and triple agent. She was interrogated and imprisoned for the remainder of the war.

Postwar

After the war, Carré was deported to France where she faced charges for treason. At the trial, which started on 3 January 1949, the prosecution read from her diary: "What I wanted most was a good meal, a man, and, once more, Mozart's Requiem." She was defended by her wartime commander, Paul Archard but was sentenced to death on 7 January 1949. Three months later, the sentence was commuted to 20 years in jail.

Carré was released in September 1954. She published an account of her life in J'ai été "La Chatte" (1959; revised in 1975 as On m'appelait la Chatte ("I Was Called the Cat")) in which she denied many claims that had been made about her and her activities during the war.

She died in Paris at the age of 98.

Sources

• Jacques Baumel, Résister (mentions the betrayal )
• Macintyre, Ben (2012). Double Cross: The True Story of The D-Day Spies. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1408819906.
• Young, Gordon (1957). The Cat with Two Faces. Putnam. Based on extensive interviews London and Paris.
• Paine, Lauran (1976). Mathilde Carré: Double Agent. London: Hale; ISBN 978-0-7091-5511-9.