Robert Redfield
Robert Redfield | |
|---|---|
| Born | December 4, 1897 |
| Died | October 16, 1958 (aged 60) Chicago, Illinois |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago (JD, PhD) |
| Children | 4, including Lisa and James |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Institutions | University of Chicago |
Robert Redfield (December 4, 1897 – October 16, 1958) was an American anthropologist and ethnolinguist, whose ethnographic work in Tepoztlán, Mexico, is considered a landmark of Latin American ethnography.[1] He was associated with the University of Chicago for his entire career: all of his higher education took place there, and he joined the faculty in 1927 and remained there until his death in 1958, serving as Dean of Social Sciences from 1934 to 1946.[2]
Career
In 1923 he and his wife Margaret traveled to Mexico, where he met Manuel Gamio, a Mexican anthropologist who had studied with Franz Boas. Redfield graduated from the University of Chicago with a degree in Communication Studies, eventually with a J.D. from its law school and then a Ph.D. in cultural anthropology, which he began to teach in 1927. After a series of published field studies from Mexican communities (Tepoztlán in Morelos and Chan Kom in Yucatán), in 1953 he published The Primitive World and its Transformation and in 1956, Peasant Society and Culture. Moving further into a broader synthesis of disciplines, Redfield embraced a forum for interdisciplinary thought that included archeology, anthropological linguistics, physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, and ethnology.
Redfield wrote in 1955 about his own experience doing research in Latin America on peasants. As he did research, he realized he had been trained to treat the society as an isolated culture. However, he found people were involved with trade, and there were connections between villages and states. More than that, the village culture was not bounded. Beliefs and practices were not isolated. Redfield realized it did not make sense to study people as isolated units, but rather it would be better to understand a broader perspective. Traditionally, anthropologists studied folk ways in the "little tradition", taking into account broader civilization, the "great tradition". He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.[3]
One of Redfield's students at the University of Chicago was well-known novelist Kurt Vonnegut.[4] Vonnegut was influenced by Redfield's theories and references them in his novel Slapstick Vonnegut recalls:[5]
when I went to the University of Chicago, and I heard the head of the Department of Anthropology, Robert Redfield, lecture on the folk society, which was essentially a stable, isolated extended family, he did not have to tell me how nice that could be.
Personal life
Redfield was the son-in-law of University of Chicago sociologist Robert E. Park. Redfield and his wife Margaret were the parents of Lisa Redfield Peattie, Professor Emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; James M. Redfield, a professor of classics at the University of Chicago; and Joanna Redfield Gutmann (1930–2009). Another son, Robert (called Tito), died at the age of twelve from injuries suffered in a sledding accident.
Redfield died in October 1958 from complications of lymphatic leukemia.[6]
The papers of Robert and Margaret Redfield are located at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
Published works
Redfield's published works include:
- Tepoztlan, a Mexican Village: A Study in Folk Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1930).
- Folk Cultures of the Yucatán. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1948).
- The Primitive World and Its Transformations. Ithaca: Cornell University Press (1953).
- The Role of Cities in Economic Development and Cultural Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1954).[1]
- The Little Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1956).[2]
- Talk with a Stranger. Stamford, Connecticut: Overbrook Press (1958).
See also
References
- ^ Delpar, Helen (2008). Looking South: The Evolution of Latin Americanist Scholarship in the United States, 1850–1975. University of Alabama Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8173-5464-0. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
- ^ "Robert Redfield–Anthropology". University of Chicago Centennial Catalogues. University of Chicago Library. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter R" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ Vonnegut, Kurt (1991). Fates worse than death: an autobiographical collage of the 1980s. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 122. ISBN 0-399-13633-9. OCLC 23253474.
- ^ Kenneth Womack (June 2003). Reading the family dance: family systems therapy and literary study. University of Delaware Press. pp. 224–235. ISBN 978-0-87413-823-8. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- ^ "ROBERT REDFIELD, EDUCATOR, IS DEAD; Anthropologist at the U. of Chicago 1927-49 Studied Concept of Folk Society". The New York Times. October 17, 1958. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
- Rees, David, ed. (2006). The Ethnographic Moment: Robert Redfield and F.G. Friedmann. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0333-7. OCLC 64390592.
- Rubinstein, Robert A., ed. (2001). Doing Fieldwork: The Correspondence of Robert Redfield and Sol Tax. with a foreword by Lisa Redfield Peattie ; and a new introduction by the editor. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0735-9. OCLC 47764364.
- Wilcox, Clifford (2006). Robert Redfield and the Development of American Anthropology (2nd, revised ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1777-4. OCLC 76941853.
- Wolf, Eric R.; Nathaniel Tarn (2004). "Robert Redfield". In Sydel Silverman (ed.). Totems and Teachers: Key Figures in the History of Anthropology (2nd ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. pp. 177–198. ISBN 978-0-7591-0459-4. OCLC 52373442.
