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Landtag of Bavaria

Coordinates: 48°08′11″N 11°35′40″E / 48.13639°N 11.59444°E / 48.13639; 11.59444
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Landtag of Bavaria

Bayerischer Landtag
18. Bayerischer Landtag
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Established4 February 1819 (1311)
Leadership
Ilse Aigner, CSU
since 5 November 2018
Structure
Seats205
Political groups
Government (112)[1]
  •   CSU (85)
  •   FW (27)

Opposition (93)

Elections
Last election
14 October 2018
Next election
2023
Meeting place
Maximilianeum, Munich
Website
www.bayern.landtag.de/
Politics of Bavaria
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Divisions
Elections
Foreign policy

The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament,[2] is the unicameral legislature of the state of Bavaria in Germany. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich.

Elections to the Landtag are held every five years[3] and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday.[4] The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one,[5] unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 14 October 2018.

Bavaria's current state government, formed after the 2018 election, is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer.

History

See also: Bavarian Landtag elections in the Weimar Republic

The Landtag of Bavaria was founded in 1818, in the Kingdom of Bavaria. The first assembly was held on 4 February 1819. Originally it was called the Ständeversammlung and was divided into an upper house, the Kammer der Reichsräte (chamber of imperial counsellors), and a lower house, the Kammer der Abgeordneten. In 1834 the Ständeversammlung was renamed the Landtag (state diet).

In the Weimar Republic, from 1919 on, under the Bamberg Constitution, the upper house of the Landtag was abolished and its lower house became a unicameral democratic elected assembly. In 1933, in Nazi Germany, the Landtag suffered Gleichschaltung like all German state parliaments. It was dissolved on 30 January 1934.

After the Second World War, the new Constitution of Bavaria was enacted and the first new Landtag elections took place on 1 December 1946. Between 1946 and 1999 there was again an upper house, the Senate of Bavaria. The CSU has dominated the Bavarian Landtag for nearly the entire post-war period.

The CSU's 2003 election victory was the first time in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany that any party had won a two-thirds majority of seats in an assembly at any level.[6] Five years later in 2008, the CSU saw a stunning reversal of fortunes, and failed to win a majority of seats in Bavaria for the first time in 46 years. In the aftermath of this result, the SPD floated the idea that the four other parties should all unite to form a government excluding the CSU, as it had "lost its mandate to lead": however, the FDP were not interested.

Composition

Constituencies for the 2018 Bavarian state election.

Like the Bundestag at the federal level, the Bavarian Landtag is elected through mixed-member proportional representation. There are at least 180 seats, but more are sometimes added as overhang and leveling seats.

The state is divided into 91 constituencies, which each elect one representative in the same manner as under first past the post. To achieve a proportional result, another 89 seats are on a party list in the 7 government regions, which act as electoral regions. The 89 seats are assigned such that, also taking into account the 91 constituency seats, each party is represented in proportion to its share of the vote. On election day, people vote separately for a candidate in their local constituency (called the "first vote") and for a party at the regional level (called the "second vote").[7]

As of the 2018 election, seats are assigned to the electoral regions as follows:

Region Seats Total
Constituency List
Lower Bavaria 9 9 18
Lower Franconia 10 9 19
Middle Franconia 12 12 24
Swabia 13 13 26
Upper Bavaria 31 30 61
Upper Franconia 8 8 16
Upper Palatinate 8 8 16
Total 91 89 180

Election results 1946–2018

Year CSU SPD B'90/Grüne AfD BP FDP FW BHE DG GB BHE KPD NPD ÖDP REP WAV
1946 Jun 58.3 28.8 — — — 2.5 — — — 5.3 — — — 5.1
1946 Dec 52.3 28.6 — — — 5.7 — — — 6.1 — — — 7.4
1950 27.4 28.0 — — 17.9 7.1 — 12.3 — — — — — —
1954 38.0 28.1 — — 13.2 7.2 — — 10.2 — — — — —
1958 45.6 30.8 — — 8.1 5.6 — — 8.6 — — — — —
1962 47.5 35.3 — — 4.8 5.9 — — 5.1 — — — — —
1966 48.1 35.8 — — 3.2 5.1 — — — — 7.4 — — —
1970 56.4 33.3 — — 1.3 5.6 — — — — — — — —
1974 62.1 30.2 — — 0.8 5.2 — — — — — — — —
1978 59.1 31.4 — — 0.4 6.2 — — — — — — — —
1982 58.3 31.9 4.6 — 0.5 3.5 — — — — — 0.4 — —
1986 55.8 27.5 7.5 — 0.6 3.8 — — — — — 0.7 3.0 —
1990 54.9 26.0 6.4 — 0.8 5.2 — — — — — 1.7 4.9 —
1994 52.8 30.0 6.1 — 1.0 2.8 — — — — — 2.1 3.9 —
1998 52.9 28.7 5.7 — 0.7 1.7 3.7 — — — — 1.8 3.6 —
2003 60.7 19.6 7.7 — 0.8 2.6 4.0 — — — — 2.0 2.2 —
2008 43.4 18.6 9.4 — 1.1 8.0 10.2 — — — 1.2 2.0 1.4 —
2013 47.7 20.6 8.6 — 2.1 3.3 9.0 — — — 0.6 2.0 1.0 —
2018 37.2 9.7 17.6 10.2 1.7 5.1 11.6 — — — — 1.6 — —

Source:"Wahlergebnisse seit 1946" (PDF). Bavarian Landtag. Retrieved 6 June 2008. [dead link]

Parties:

  • AfD: Alternative for Germany – Alternative für Deutschland
  • BP: Bavaria Party – Bayernpartei
  • CSU: Christian Social Union of Bavaria – Christlich Soziale Union Bayerns
  • FDP: Free Democratic Party – Freie Demokratische Partei
  • FW: Independents – Freie Wähler
  • GB/BHE: All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights – Gesamtdeutscher Block/Block der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten
  • B'90/Grüne: Alliance '90/The Greens – Bündnis 90/Die Grünen
  • KPD: Communist Party of Germany – Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
  • NPD: National Democratic Party of Germany – Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands
  • ÖDP: Ecological Democratic Party – Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei
  • REP: The Republicans – Die Republikaner
  • SPD: Social Democratic Party of Germany – Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschland
  • WAV: Wirtschaftliche Aufbau Vereinigung

See also

References

  1. ^ https://www.bing.com/amp/s/abcnews.go.com/amp/International/wireStory/merkels-ally-forms-coalition-govern-bavaria-58931586[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ Welcome to the Maximilianeum, the seat of the Bavarian State Parliament
  3. ^ Landtag A-Z – Legislaturperiode[permanent dead link] (in German) Landtag website. Retrieved 6 June 2008
  4. ^ Tag der Abstimmung – Election date (in German) Landeswahlgesetz. Retrieved 6 June 2008
  5. ^ Bavarian constitution – Article 16 Legislative terms, new elections Archived 21 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Landtag website. Retrieved 7 June 2008
  6. ^ Stoiber – Dominant But Not Omnipotent Archived 3 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine American Institute for contemporary German studies, author: Prof. Clayton Clemens. Retrieved 7 June 2008
  7. ^ State Election

48°08′11″N 11°35′40″E / 48.13639°N 11.59444°E / 48.13639; 11.59444

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