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Typhoon Surigae

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Surigae (Bising)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 5 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:18:00 UTC, April 17
Location:12°06′N 129°18′E / 12.1°N 129.3°E / 12.1; 129.3 (Surigae (Bising))
394 nmi (730 km; 455 mi) E of
Legazpi, Philippines
Sustained winds:120 knots (220 km/h; 140 mph) (10-min mean)
155 knots (285 km/h; 180 mph) (1-min mean)
gusting to 170 knots (315 km/h; 195 mph)
Pressure:895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Movement:NW at 12 kn (20 km/h; 15 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Surigae, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Bising, is currently an extremely powerful tropical cyclone east of the Philippines which recently became the strongest April typhoon on record. The fourth tropical depression, second named storm, and first typhoon and super typhoon of the 2021 Pacific typhoon season, Surigae originated from a low-pressure area south of the Micronesian island of Woleai that organized into a tropical depression on April 12. At 18:00 UTC that day, it strengthened to a tropical storm and was named Surigae by the JMA. The formation of an eye and increasing winds prompted the JMA to upgrade it to a severe tropical storm on April 13. The storm proceeded to gradually strengthen, and late on April 15, Surigae strengthened into a typhoon.

Upon Surigae's naming, watches and warnings were issued for the island of Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia and the islands of Koror and Kayangel in Palau as well.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

During mid-April 2021, an area of atmospheric convection associated with a weak area of low pressure began to persist roughly 1,150 km (710 mi) south of Guam. By April 10, the disturbance had acquired nascent rainbands within an environment exhibiting low wind shear, warm sea surface temperatures between 28–29 °C (82–84 °F), and a well-established outflow of air, which was conducive for further tropical development.[1] Showers and thunderstorms continued to emerge around the wind circulation embedded within the disturbance.[2] The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assessed the formation of a tropical depression near 5°N 143°E / 5°N 143°E / 5; 143; at the time, the newly-designated system was moving slowly west-northwest around the southern periphery of an area of high pressure in the subtropics.[3][4] Due to its anticipated track into Philippine waters, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) also began issuing advisories on the tropical depression on April 12.[5] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert later that day, projecting a high likelihood of a significant tropical cyclone emerging; the agency also assessed the disturbance as a tropical depression on April 13.[6][7] A strong rainband along the tropical depression's northern flanks became prominent and increasingly coalesced around a robust and developing central dense overcast.[7] At 18:00 UTC on the same day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Surigae.[8][9] Surigae was also upgraded to a tropical storm by the JTWC in the early hours of April 14, citing the same favorable environment for development as the system progressed in the Philippine Sea.[10][11] The storm continued to move slowly – at times remaining nearly stationary on April 14 – and gradually intensified.[12][13] Its convective activity was initially displaced to the west of its center of circulation, though additional rainbands and thunderstorm development later obscured the central vortex.[14][15] On April 15, the JMA upgraded Surigae to a severe tropical storm.[16] A formative eye became apparent on microwave satellite imagery of Surigae later that day.[17]

Strongest typhoons in the month of April since the satellite era by central pressure
Rank Storm Minimum Central Pressure
1 Surigae (2021) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
2 Maysak (2015) 918 hPa (27.10 inHg)1
3 Andy (1989) 920 hPa (27.16 inHg)
4 Violet (1967), Kujira (2003) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg)
5 Jean (1968), Sonca (2005) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg)

Surigae strengthened into a typhoon by April 16, making it the first typhoon of 2021.[18][19] The typhoon's convective activity had become tightly-wound around its center, indicating additional strengthening.[20] On April 16 at 03:00 UTC, the PAGASA gave it the local name Bising as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[21] The once obscured eye became apparent through the central overcast, preceding a period of rapid intensification as the storm traversed west-northwestwards across conducive environment.[22][23][24] Surigae's central dense overcast became colder and better organized, with a solid ring of very cold cloudtops encircling the 26 km (16 mi) diameter eye.[25] Concurrently, an approaching trough produced a gap in the subtropical ridge of high pressure to the north, causing Surigae to slowly curve northwest.[26] On April 17, the JMA determined that Surigae's central barometric pressure had fallen to 905 hPa (mbar; 26.72 inHg), making it the most intense April typhoon on record. Its ten-minute maximum sustained winds reached 205 km/h (125 mph) according to the JMA while one-minute maximum sustained winds reached 285 km/h (180 mph) according to the JTWC, making it equivalent to a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale.[27][28]

Current storm information

As of 12:00 UTC April 17, Typhoon Surigae is located near 12°06′N 129°18′E / 12.1°N 129.3°E / 12.1; 129.3 (Surigae), about 324 nmi (600 km; 375 mi) east of Legazpi, Philippines. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 120 knots (220 km/h; 140 mph) with gusts up to 170 knots (315 km/h; 195 mph), while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 155 knots (285 km/h; 180 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 895 hPa (26.43 inHg), and the system is moving north west at 12 kn (20 km/h; 15 mph).

For the latest official information see:

Watches and warnings

Template:TyphoonWarningsTable

Preparations and impact

Indonesia

The influence of Surigae caused gusts in North Sulawesi that reached 23 mph (37 km/h).[29] Large waves of 13.1-19.8 feet (3-6 m) affected the coastal waters of the Sitaro Islands Regency, Sangihe Islands Regency, the Talaud Islands, and the northern Molucca Sea.[30]

Micronesia and Palau

Due to the threat of the storm, a Tropical Storm Watch was issued for the island of Yap and Ngulu Atoll on April 14,[31] where in the former, winds exceeded 30 mph (48 km/h).[32] This was later modified into a Tropical Storm Warning for Ngulu Atoll later that day.[33] Locally heavy rainfall occurred in parts of Palau and Yap for several days.[34] Surigae brought wind gusts up to 80 km/h (50 mph) to 90 km/h (55 mph) to Palau, causing power outages across the island.[35][36] Large swells from the developing storm brought coastal flooding to Koror and Yap. Residents in those areas were advised to avoid reef lines in the north and west, and to take caution on beaches due to rip currents and large waves.[37]

Philippines

As Surigae entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA began issuing weather bulletins for the nearby storm. Initial forecasts by the agency suggested that the storm was less likely to make landfall over Luzon, and expected the storm to re-curve away from the Philippines.[21][38][39][40] On April 16, the Department of Transporation in the Philippines suspended all air and land travel to and from Visayas and Mindanao, requested by the Office of Civil Defense, as Surigae approached.[41] Wave heights as high as 4.5 m (14.7 ft) were forecast near the eastern coasts of Visayas and Mindanao.[42] In order to avoid agricultural losses, Secretary William Dar of the Department of Agriculture encouraged farmers in the Bicol and Eastern Visayas regions to harvest their crops and for fishermen to "refrain from fishing as conditions may worsen".[40][43] At 15:00 UTC (23:00 PHT), the PAGASA began issuing Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #1 for areas in Eastern Visayas and the Caraga Region and in parts of Luzon six hours later.[44][45]

On April 17, Signal #2 was raised for Catanduanes and the entire island of Samar.[46] Flood advisories were also issued by the PAGASA for three regions in Visayas and Mindanao.[47] In preparation for the intense rains, the National Telecommunications Commission ordered telecommunications companies to prepare facilities in forecasted affected areas, including free calling and charging stations.[48] In the ensuing travel suspension, 632 individuals and eight sea vessels were stranded in ports in three provinces. As early as April 17, preemptive evacuation began in the Bicol Region and the Samar province.[49][50]

See also

References

  1. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 101330Z-110600Z April 2021 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 10, 2021.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued 111430Z-120600Z April 2021 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 11, 2021.
  3. ^ Warning and Summary 120600 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 12, 2021 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  4. ^ Reasoning No. 1 for TD Located at 7.1N 139.9E (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 13, 2021. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021.
  5. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #1". Manila, Philippines: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. April 12, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  6. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (121121Z April 2021) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 12, 2021 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  7. ^ a b Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 02W (Two) Warning NR 001 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 13, 2021.
  8. ^ Warning 131800 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 13, 2021. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021.
  9. ^ Reasoning No. 4 for TS 2102 Surigae (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 13, 2021. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021.
  10. ^ Tropical Depression 02W (Two) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  11. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 02W (Surigae) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  12. ^ TS 2102 Surigae (2102) Advisory 140600 (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Toyko, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 14, 2021. Archived from the original (TXT) on April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  13. ^ TS 2102 Surigae (2102) Advisory 142100 (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Toyko, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 14, 2021. Archived from the original (TXT) on April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 003 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 14, 2021.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 005 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 14, 2021.
  16. ^ Warning 150000 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 15, 2021. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 009 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 15, 2021.
  18. ^ Warning 160000 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 13, 2021. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021.
  19. ^ Erdman, Jonathan (April 16, 2021). "Typhoon Surigae Rapidly Intensifies, Potential Philippines Danger Beginning This Weekend". TWC Product and Technology. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 011 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 16, 2021.
  21. ^ a b "Severe Weather Bulleting #1 for Typhoon "Bising" (Surigae)" (PDF). pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph. April 16, 2021. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  22. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 013 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 16, 2021.
  23. ^ "Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 013". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 16, 2021. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  24. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 014 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 16, 2021.
  25. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 016 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 17, 2021.
  26. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 02W (Surigae) Warning NR 015 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. April 17, 2021.
  27. ^ Cappucci, Matthew; Samenow, Jason (April 17, 2021). "Super Typhoon Surigae to pass near Philippines at Category 5 strength Sunday". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  28. ^ Reasoning No. 17 for TY 2102 Surigae (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. April 17, 2021. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021.
  29. ^ Ellyvon Pranita (April 14, 2021). "BMKG: Awas Siklon Tropis Surigae Bisa Berkembang Jadi Badai Topan". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  30. ^ "BMKG Peringatkan Ancaman Siklon Tropis Surigae". Koran Jakarta (in Indonesian). April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  31. ^ "Tropical storm watch in effect for Yap and Ngulu in Yap State". KUAM News. April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  32. ^ Matthew Cappucci (April 14, 2021). "Tropical Storm Surigae to intensify into powerful Pacific typhoon, brush past Philippines". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  33. ^ "Tropical Depression Surigae (02W) Advisory Number 2". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. April 15, 2021. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  34. ^ "NWS monitoring tropical storm near Yap, Palau". The Guam Daily Post. April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  35. ^ Lorenzo Badellino (April 15, 2021). "METEO. La tempesta Surigae si avvicina alle Filippine. Imminente il passaggio a ciclone tropicale" (in Italian). 3Bmeteo. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  36. ^ Robert Speta [@RobertSpetaWX] (April 15, 2021). "Kauai Okada just shared these photos from Palau. She says the island is without power right now with downed trees across the island. Winds have also been reported gusting over 50kts or 90kph on the island" (Tweet). Retrieved April 16, 2021 – via Twitter.
  37. ^ Chan (April 14, 2021). "Coastal Flood Warnings/Watches/Statements". National Weather Service Tiyan, Guam. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  38. ^ De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (2021-04-16). "'Bising' now a typhoon, Signal No. 1 seen over parts of Northern, Eastern Samar as early as Friday evening -- PAGASA". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2021-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "'Bising' is now a typhoon: PAGASA". ABS-CBN News. 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2021-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ a b Unite, Betheena (2021-04-16). "Better safe than sorry: DA urges farmers to prepare for 'Bising'". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2021-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ April 16, OCD Published on; 2021. "Land, sea travel to Visayas and Mindanao suspended due 'Typhoon Bising'". pia.gov.ph. Retrieved 2021-04-16. {{cite web}}: |last2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ Villamor-Ilano, Marites (2021-04-16). "Typhoon Bising threatens Northern Samar, Eastern Samar". Sunstar. Retrieved 2021-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ Cudis, Christine. "Farmers, fisherfolk in 'Bising' path warned to guard livelihood". www.pna.gov.ph. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  44. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #2 for Typhoon 'Bising' (Surigae)" (PDF). PAGASA. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  45. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #3 for Typhoon 'Bising' (Surigae)" (PDF). PAGASA. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  46. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #5 for Typhoon 'Bising' (Surigae)" (PDF). PAGASA. 17 April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  47. ^ General Flood Advisory #1 for Region 5 (Bicol Region), Region 8 (Eastern Visayas), Region 13 (Caraga) (PDF), PAGASA, 2021-04-17, archived from the original on 2021-04-17, retrieved 2021-04-17
  48. ^ Quevedo, Richbon G. (2021-04-17). "NTC to telcos: Provide sufficient service during typhoon Bising". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  49. ^ Arguelles, Mar S. (2021-04-17). "340 persons evacuated in Camarines Sur as Typhoon Bising draws nearer". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  50. ^ Bordey, Hana. "Pre-emptive evacuation on-going in Bicol, Samar as Bising intensifies". GMA News Online. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
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