Setophaga

Setophaga
	Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Parulidae
Genus:	Setophaga; Swainson, 1827
Type species
	Motacilla ruticilla; Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
	Parula Bonaparte, 1838; Dendroica G. R. Gray, 1842

Setophaga is a genus of birds of the New World warbler family Parulidae. It contains at least 34 species. The Setophaga warblers are an example of adaptive radiation with the various species using different feeding techniques and often feeding in different parts of the same tree. (And some others.)

Most Setophaga species are long-range migrants, wintering in or near the New World tropics and seasonally migrating to breed in North America. In contrast, either three Grace's-like Setophaga species, the Adelaide's warbler, the Barbuda warbler, and the Vitelline warbler have winter ranges that extend along the Atlantic coast of Central America as far north as South America.^[2] The males in breeding plumage are often highly colorful.

Taxonomy

The genus Setophaga was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1827.^[3] The type species was subsequently designated by Swainson in the same year as the American redstart Setophaga ruticilla.^[4]^[5] The genus name is from Ancient Greek ses, "moth", and phagos, "eating".^[6]

Traditionally, most members (29 species) of Setophaga were recognized as belonging to the genus Dendroica. The only member of Setophaga was the American redstart. More recent genetic research suggested that Dendroica and Setophaga be merged. This change was accepted by both the North American and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society^[7]^[8] and the IOC World Bird List.^[9] As the name Setophaga (published in 1827) takes priority over Dendroica (published in 1842), those who accept the merger transferred all Dendroica species to Setophaga.^[10]

List of species

The genus contains 37 species. They are:^[9]

Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
Adelaide's warbler	Setophaga adelaidae	Puerto Rico
American redstart	Setophaga ruticilla	southern Canada and the eastern United States
American yellow warbler	Setophaga petechia	North America, the Caribbean, and down to northern South America.
Arrowhead warbler	Setophaga pharetra	Jamaica.
Bahama warbler	Setophaga flavescens	The Bahamas.
Barbuda warbler	Setophaga subita	Barbuda in Antigua and Barbuda
Bay-breasted warbler	Setophaga castanea	eastern and central Canada, as well as the extreme northern United States., northeastern South America, the Caribbean, and southern Central America
Blackburnian warbler	Setophaga fusca	southern Canada, westwards to the southern Canadian Prairies, the Great Lakes region and New England, to North Carolina. southern Central America and South America
Blackpoll warbler	Setophaga striata	northern North America, from Alaska throughout most of Canada, to the Adirondack Mountains of New York as well as New England in the Northeastern United States. the Greater Antilles and the northeastern coasts of South America
Black-throated blue warbler	Setophaga caerulescens	eastern North America. The Caribbean and Central America
Black-throated green warbler	Setophaga virens	eastern North America and western Canada and cypress swamps on the southern Atlantic coast. Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and southern Florida.
Black-throated grey warbler	Setophaga nigrescens	from British Columbia to New Mexico, and winters in Mexico and the southwestern United States.
Cape May warbler	Setophaga tigrina	southern Canada, the Great Lakes region, and New England.
Cerulean warbler	Setophaga cerulea	eastern North America, eastern slope of the Andes in South America
Chestnut-sided warbler	Setophaga pensylvanica	eastern North America and in southern Canada, Central America south to northern Colombia
Elfin woods warbler	Setophaga angelae	Puerto Rico
Golden-cheeked warbler	Setophaga chrysoparia	Central Texas
Grace's warbler	Setophaga graciae	western Canada, the western United States, and into Mexico
Hermit warbler	Setophaga occidentalis	west coast of the United States, Mexico and Central America as well as parts of the southern California coast.
Hooded warbler	Setophaga citrina	eastern United States and into southernmost Canada (Ontario)
Kirtland's warbler	Setophaga kirtlandii	Great Lakes region of Ontario, Canada and the United States from Wisconsin and Michigan
Magnolia warbler	Setophaga magnolia	northeastern parts of the US, with states such as Minnesota and Wisconsin, northern parts of Canada, such as in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec
Northern parula	Setophaga americana	eastern North America from southern Canada to Florida
Olive-capped warbler	Setophaga pityophila	Cuba as well as Grand Bahama
Palm warbler	Setophaga palmarum	Canada and the northeastern United States.
Pine warbler	Setophaga pinus	eastern North America.
Plumbeous warbler	Setophaga plumbea	Dominica and Guadeloupe.
Prairie warbler	Setophaga discolor	north-eastern Mexico and islands in the Caribbean.
Saint Lucia warbler	Setophaga delicata	Saint Lucia
Townsend's warbler	Setophaga townsendi	northwestern coast of North America
Tropical parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	southernmost Texas and northwest Mexico (Sonora)
Vitelline warbler	Setophaga vitellina	Cayman Islands and on the Swan Islands in Honduras.
Myrtle warbler	Setophaga coronata	Canada and the northeastern United States.
Audubon's warbler	Setophaga auduboni	western Canada, the western United States, and into Mexico.
Goldman's warbler	Setophaga goldmani	Mexico and Guatemala.
Yellow-throated warbler	Setophaga dominica	southern Pennsylvania and northern Missouri, to the Gulf of Mexico.
Yellow-rumped warbler	Setophaga coronata	U.S. as well as Canada and Central America