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{{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}
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The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital [[telephone exchange]]s, [[mobile switching centre]]s, [[media gateway]]s and [[signalling gateway]]s at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using [[fibre-optics]] or [[Microwave transmission|Microwave radio relay]] networks. The [[access network]], which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fibre and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state-owned monopoly [[France Telecom]].
The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital [[telephone exchange]]s, [[mobile switching centre]]s, [[media gateway]]s and [[signalling gateway]]s at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using [[fibre-optics]] or [[Microwave transmission|Microwave radio relay]] networks. The [[access network]], which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fibre and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state-owned monopoly [[France Telecom]].


'''[[Telephone]]s - main lines in use:''' 36.441 million; 35.5 million (metropolitan France) (2009)
'''Telephones – main lines in use:''' 36.441 million; 35.5 million (metropolitan France) (2009)


'''Telephones - mobile cellular:''' 60.95 million; 59.543 million (metropolitan France) (2009)
'''Telephones – mobile cellular:''' 60.95 million; 59.543 million (metropolitan France) (2009)


===International connection===
===International connection===
Satellite [[ground station|earth station]]s - 2 [[Intelsat]] (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for [[Indian Ocean]] and 3 for [[Atlantic Ocean]]), NA [[Eutelsat]], 1 [[Inmarsat]] (Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries
Satellite [[ground station|earth station]]s – 2 [[Intelsat]] (with total of 5 antennas – 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA [[Eutelsat]], 1 [[Inmarsat]] (Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries


==Radio==
==Radio==
'''[[Radio]] broadcast stations:''' AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
'''Radio stations:''' AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)


'''Radios:''' 55.3 million (1997)
'''Radios:''' 55.3 million (1997)
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==Television==
==Television==
{{main|Television in France}}
{{main|Television in France}}
'''[[Television]] broadcast stations:''' 584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)
'''Television stations:''' 584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)


'''Televisions:''' 34.8 million (1997)
'''Televisions:''' 34.8 million (1997)
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'''[[Country code top-level domain|Internet country code]]:''' .fr
'''[[Country code top-level domain|Internet country code]]:''' .fr


'''[[Internet service provider|Internet Service Provider]]s (ISPs):''' 62 (2000)
'''[[Internet service provider]]s (ISPs):''' 62 (2000)


'''[[Host (network)|Internet host]]s:''' 15,182,001; 15.161 million (metropolitan France) (2010)
'''[[Host (network)|Internet host]]s:''' 15,182,001; 15.161 million (metropolitan France) (2010)


'''[[Internaut|Internet user]]s:''' 45.262 million; 44.625 million (metropolitan France) (2009)
'''[[Internaut|Internet user]]s:''' 45.262 million; 44.625 million (metropolitan France) (2009)


== Mobile networks ==
== Mobile networks ==
France currently has 4 mobile networks, [[Orange S.A.|Orange]], [[SFR]], [[Bouygues Telecom]] and [[Free Mobile|Free]] all of which are licensed for UMTS. All except Free are also licensed for GSM. In 2016 Q3, Orange had 28.966 million mobile phone customers, SFR had 14.577 million, Bouygues had 12.660 million, Free Mobile had 12.385 million, and the MVNOs had 7.281 million.<ref>[http://www.frandroid.com/telecom/390963_parts-de-marche-des-operateurs-orange-loin-devant-bouygues-qui-depasse-free-mobile Parts de marché des opérateurs : Orange loin devant Bouygues qui dépasse Free Mobile] - FrAndroid, 18 November 2016</ref>
France currently has 4 mobile networks, [[Orange S.A.|Orange]], [[SFR]], [[Bouygues Telecom]] and [[Free Mobile|Free]] all of which are licensed for UMTS. All except Free are also licensed for GSM. In 2016 Q3, Orange had 28.966&nbsp;million mobile phone customers, SFR had 14.577&nbsp;million, Bouygues had 12.660&nbsp;million, Free Mobile had 12.385&nbsp;million, and the MVNOs had 7.281&nbsp;million.<ref>[http://www.frandroid.com/telecom/390963_parts-de-marche-des-operateurs-orange-loin-devant-bouygues-qui-depasse-free-mobile Parts de marché des opérateurs : Orange loin devant Bouygues qui dépasse Free Mobile] – FrAndroid, 18 November 2016</ref>


Before the launch of Free Mobile in January 2012, the number of physical mobile phone operators was very limited. For example, [[Telecommunications in Sweden|Sweden]] currently has 4 licensed operators with their own networks despite a smaller and sparser population than France's, making improved coverage less economically rewarding. However, France has a number of [[Mobile virtual network operator|MVNOs]] which increases competition.
Before the launch of Free Mobile in January 2012, the number of physical mobile phone operators was very limited. For example, [[Telecommunications in Sweden|Sweden]] currently has 4 licensed operators with their own networks despite a smaller and sparser population than France's, making improved coverage less economically rewarding. However, France has a number of [[Mobile virtual network operator|MVNOs]] which increases competition.


However, [[Free Mobile]] obtained its licence in December 2009 and operates since January 2012.<ref name="ARCEP_20091217">{{Cite web | title= ARCEP accepts Free Mobile’s application | url= http://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8571&L=1&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Buid%5D=1234&cHash=b3b17bcaed | publisher = [[Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques et des Postes|ARCEP]] | date=2009-12-18 | access-date=2010-01-10 }}</ref>
However, [[Free Mobile]] obtained its licence in December 2009 and operates since January 2012.<ref name="ARCEP_20091217">{{Cite web | title= ARCEP accepts Free Mobile’s application | url= http://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=8571&L=1&tx_gsactualite_pi1%5Buid%5D=1234&cHash=b3b17bcaed | publisher = [[Autorité de Régulation des Communications Électroniques et des Postes|ARCEP]] | date=18 December 2009 | access-date=10 January 2010 }}</ref>


In France, the satellite telecommunications system TELECOM 1 (TC1) will provide high-speed, broadband transfer of digital data between different sections of subscribing companies. Conventional telecommunications links between continental France and its overseas departments will also be supplied.
In France, the satellite telecommunications system TELECOM 1 (TC1) will provide high-speed, broadband transfer of digital data between different sections of subscribing companies. Conventional telecommunications links between continental France and its overseas departments will also be supplied.
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==See also==
==See also==
{{commons category|Telecommunications in France}}
{{commons category|Telecommunications in France}}
* [[France]]
* France
* [[Media of France]]
* [[Media of France]]
* [[List of newspapers in France]]
* [[List of newspapers in France]]
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/DF_communications.shtml Communications in France - at ''Discover France'' (English)]
* [http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/DF_communications.shtml Communications in France – at ''Discover France'' (English)]


{{France topics}}
{{France topics}}

Revision as of 23:53, 28 December 2020

Telecommunications in France is highly developed. France is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to foreign countries.

Fixed-line telephony

The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centres, media gateways and signalling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fibre and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by the former state-owned monopoly France Telecom.

Telephones – main lines in use: 36.441 million; 35.5 million (metropolitan France) (2009)

Telephones – mobile cellular: 60.95 million; 59.543 million (metropolitan France) (2009)

International connection

Satellite earth stations – 2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas – 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries

Radio

Radio stations: AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios: 55.3 million (1997)

Television

Main article: Television in France

Television stations: 584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions: 34.8 million (1997)

Internet

Main articles: Internet in France and Broadband Internet access in France

Internet country code: .fr

Internet service providers (ISPs): 62 (2000)

Internet hosts: 15,182,001; 15.161 million (metropolitan France) (2010)

Internet users: 45.262 million; 44.625 million (metropolitan France) (2009)

Mobile networks

France currently has 4 mobile networks, Orange, SFR, Bouygues Telecom and Free all of which are licensed for UMTS. All except Free are also licensed for GSM. In 2016 Q3, Orange had 28.966 million mobile phone customers, SFR had 14.577 million, Bouygues had 12.660 million, Free Mobile had 12.385 million, and the MVNOs had 7.281 million.[1]

Before the launch of Free Mobile in January 2012, the number of physical mobile phone operators was very limited. For example, Sweden currently has 4 licensed operators with their own networks despite a smaller and sparser population than France's, making improved coverage less economically rewarding. However, France has a number of MVNOs which increases competition.

However, Free Mobile obtained its licence in December 2009 and operates since January 2012.[2]

In France, the satellite telecommunications system TELECOM 1 (TC1) will provide high-speed, broadband transfer of digital data between different sections of subscribing companies. Conventional telecommunications links between continental France and its overseas departments will also be supplied.

Republic of France

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telecommunications in France.

References

  1. ^ Parts de marché des opérateurs : Orange loin devant Bouygues qui dépasse Free Mobile – FrAndroid, 18 November 2016
  2. ^ "ARCEP accepts Free Mobile's application". ARCEP. 18 December 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
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