LGBTQ rights in Colombia: Difference between revisions

LGBTQ rights in Colombia
LGBTQ rights in Colombia
	Colombia
Status	Legal since 1981
Gender identity	Right to change legal gender since 1993
Military	LGBT allowed to serve in the military
Discrimination protections	Sexual orientation protections since 2011
Family rights
Recognition of relationships	Same-sex marriage since 2016
Adoption	Full joint adoption since 2015

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Colombia are among the most advanced in Latin America, and have substantially progressed since consensual homosexual activity was decriminalized in 1981. Between February 2007 and April 2008, three rulings of the Constitutional Court granted registered same-sex couples the same pension, social security and property rights as registered heterosexual couples.^[1] In 2011, Congress passed a law banning discrimination based on sexual orientation, and on 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court legalized same-sex marriage, making Colombia the fourth South American country to legalize it.

Despite recent advances in LGBT rights, reports of discrimination against members of the LGBT community are still commonplace. A reported 109 LGBT people were murdered in Colombia in 2017 and 108 in 2016, in spite of an overall fall in the murder rate.^[2]

Constitution and law

Article 13 of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 states that "the State will provide conditions for the equality to be real and effective, and will adopt measures in favour of marginalised or discriminated groups."

Article 42 of the Constitution states "the family is the basic nucleus of society. It is formed on the basis of natural or legal ties, by the free decision of a man and woman to contract matrimony or by their responsible resolve to comply with it".

Law reforms in the 1990s equalized the age of consent in Colombia at 14 for both homosexual and heterosexual sex.^[1]^[3] In 1998, the Constitutional Court ruled that public school teachers cannot be fired for revealing their sexual orientation, nor can private religious schools ban gay students from enrolling.^[4] In 1999, the same court unanimously ruled that the armed forces could not ban homosexuals and bisexuals from serving, being a violation of constitutional guarantees of "personal and family intimacy" and "the free development of one's personality."^[4]

Recognition of same-sex relationships

On 7 February 2007, the Colombian Constitutional Court extended property and inheritance rights to same-sex couples,^[5]^[6] as a result of a constitutional action presented by the public interest law group of the Universidad de los Andes. The decision did not include pension or social security (health insurance) rights. In a second ruling of 5 October 2007, the Constitutional Court extended social security (health insurance) benefits to same-sex couples, and in a ruling on 17 April 2008 pension rights were extended. With these three rulings, same-sex couples in Colombia now enjoy the main benefits as heterosexual couples under the same terms.

These three rulings by the Constitutional Court replaced the defeated civil union bill that was rejected in Congress. On 19 June 2007, the bill, which would have treated unregistered same-sex partners the same as unregistered opposite-sex partners in law, was defeated in Congress.^[7] Slightly different versions of the bill passed in each house, and President Álvaro Uribe indicated he would support it. A compromise bill then passed one house but failed in the other.^[8]^[9] The bill was defeated by a bloc of conservative senators. The bill, which had been endorsed by President Álvaro Uribe, would have made Colombia the first nation in Latin America to grant same-sex couples in long-term relationships the same rights to health insurance, inheritance and social security as heterosexual couples. However, with the rulings of the Constitutional Court, same-sex couples today enjoy the same rights that this failed bill would have given them.

In July 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled in a landmark decision that same-sex couples have the right to marry in Colombia. The Colombian Congress had to create an equivalent of marriage for same-sex couples by 20 June 2013, or else couples would automatically gain the right to go to any judge or public notary to formalise their union, according to the ruling.^[10] As the Colombia Congress failed to pass a same-sex marriage bill by that date, the courts instead began approving marriages themselves.^[11] The issue of same-sex marriage once again came before the Constitutional Court in 2015 after the country's Inspector General requested that the Court invalidate all the same-sex marriages approved in Colombia.^[12] A hearing took place in July 2015.^[13]

In March 2016, the first same-sex marriage conducted abroad was registered in Colombia and the National Registry issued a memo to all notaries and registrars ordering them to register same-sex marriages performed outside the country. Same-sex couples married abroad are now entitled to the same visa, healthcare benefits, inheritance and pension rights as heterosexual spouses once they take a stamped marriage certificate and identification papers to the nearest designated office.^[14]

On 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court voted 6–3 in favor of same-sex marriage, holding that banning such unions is unconstitutional and discriminatory.^[15] The ruling effectively grants same-sex couples the right to marry as it orders all judges and notaries to grant the couples marriage licenses.^[16] The first same-sex wedding in the country happened in Cali on 24 May 2016.^[17]

Adoption and parenting

In May 2012, the Constitutional Court issued a ruling in favour of the adoption of two children to the American, Chandler Burr, who was going to lose custody because the ICBF (the institution responsible for carrying out adoption procedures; Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar) considered that he was hiding his sexual orientation. Since then, the ICBF cannot ask the sexual orientation of a person when they wish to adopt individually. Since 2014, LGBT individuals can adopt the biological child of their partner.

On 4 November 2015, the Constitutional Court ruled 6–2 in favour of full same-sex adoption rights. The court instructed adoption agencies not to discriminate against same-sex couples when providing adoption services.^[18] Opponents of the ruling said they would try to overturn it.^[19] By 31 March 2016, a campaign wanting to force a referendum on adoption rights for same-sex couples had gathered 1.8 million signatures, including 45 members of Congress. The campaign aimed to repeal the Constitutional Court ruling issued in November 2015. However, first, the signatures would have to be accepted by Colombia's Registrar, then the proposal would go to Congress where it would have to be debated and passed by a majority in both its chambers, twice. Finally, the proposal would have to also be approved by the Constitutional Court, the very court whose authority it sought to challenge.^[20] In May 2017, a Congress committee decided, in a 20–12 vote, to shelve the proposal. The move was applauded by President Juan Manuel Santos, who had previously announced his opposition to the proposal.^[21]

Legal registration of children

On 12 November 2015, the Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex couples must be allowed to register newborn children in both parents' names, with birth certificates listing two mothers or two fathers. In a 5–2 decision, the court gave the national civil registry 30 days to change its forms so that children can be registered to same-sex couples. The case was brought by two gay men who were unable to register their newborn twins. Local media reported that the babies were born in the United States to a surrogate mother. They reportedly received US citizenship and documents but could not be registered in Colombia.^[22]

Discrimination protections

In 2011, Congress passed a bill that penalises discrimination based on sexual orientation. The law established imprisonment for one to three years and economic fines for people who discriminate against different groups including the LGBT community.^[23]^[24]

The law also states that penalties are increased when discrimination is executed in a public space, when it is carried out through mass media, if the act is carried out by a public official, when acts based on discrimination deprives someone of their labour rights or in the provision of a public service. The penalty is reduced if the person who committed the act of discrimination apologizes publicly.^[25]

Discrimination in schools

In August 2014, a student named Sergio Urrego committed suicide as a result of discrimination by his teachers. His mother filed a lawsuit that after several appeals finally reached the Constitutional Court. The Court ruled in favour of Urrego's family, stating that the rights to dignity, education, equality, non-discrimination, the free development of personality, privacy and due process, justice, reparation and good name had been violated. The court also ordered the school to make a public act of forgiveness and ordered the Ministry of Education that within a year it review the "manuals of coexistence" (rules governing relationships between students themselves and others members of the educational community) of all schools in the country so that they do not contain articles that discriminate against children because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. With this decision, schools across the country cannot discriminate against students because of their sexual orientation.^[26]

Government decree

The Colombian Ministry of Interior released in the spring of 2016 a presidential decree that provides a broad policy of procedural obligations for government institutions and territorial entities regarding LGBTI rights. The document calls for creating an Intersectional Commission for the Guarantee of Rights of the LGBTI Community (Spanish: Comisión Intersectorial para la Garantía de los Derechos de la comunidad LGBTI). The decree specifically addresses rights for LGBTI Colombians in public education, health care, prisons and as victims of armed conflict. The text clarifies that "national entities may not refuse to recognize that a same-sex couple can constitute a family, and in consequence, can enjoy the constitutional protections and equality of opportunities afforded other families."^[27]

In May 2018, President Juan Manuel Santos issued an executive decree ordering the Interior Ministry to further guarantee the rights of LGBT people in the social sector, notably in health, education, work, housing, recreation, sports and culture, as well as establishing support programmes.^[28]^[29]

Gender identity and expression

In 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled that a transgender woman prisoner was allowed to choose her own hairstyle and makeup.^[30]

In 2012, the Constitutional Court ruled that a transgender person could request to change their gender on their civil registry records without going through a family court.^[31] Previously, since 1970, the National Civil Registry (Registro del Estado Civil) had required a notarized, published statement, or a judge's ruling to change any information in a person's registry.

Constitutional Court rulings in 2012,^[32] and 2014 allow name changes to be performed more than once.^[33]

In response to two rulings of the Constitutional Court in 2015, the Colombian Government issued a decree on 4 June 2015 to simplify the process by which adults over 18 can legally change their gender. The decree, signed by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior, says the gender change is justified by a person's individual choice; it eliminates the requirement for psychiatric or physical examinations.^[34]^[35]

Notaries and local authorities sometimes believe they have discretionary authority to make their own rules, although officially this is not true. A 2016 report mentioned a pending legal case in which a person had been unable to find any notary willing to change their name without also changing their sex, even though the law allows this. The report, Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia,^[36] was published jointly by OutRight Action International, El Aquelarre Trans, a transgender advocacy coalition, and El Programa de Acción por la Igualdad y la Inclusión Social (PAIIS), a program at the law school of Universidad de los Andes that researches and communicate information about human rights. This same 2016 report also recommended ending the psychiatric pathologization of transgender identity and abandoning sterilization as a prerequisite for other physical changes.

Right to express affection in public

The Constitutional Court of Colombia has issued multiple rulings that protect the right of homosexuals and bisexuals to express themselves in public, including the right to express affection or love for their partners. In 1994, the court disapproved of the National Council of Television's refusal to show a commercial which featured a same-sex couple. This ruling was followed by others such as T-268 of 2000, where the court permitted a gay pride parade, which had previously been prevented by the Mayor of Neiva; T-301 of 2004, which ordered the Santa Marta police to stop harassing homosexuals who visited the boardwalk of the city; and T-314 of 2011, which held the Tequendama Hotel's refusal to allow access to some homosexuals to two events that were held in its facilities as discriminatory.

Sentence T-909 of 2011 ordered guardianship officials of Cosmocentro mall in Cali and its security firm to conduct a course to learn not to repress homosexuals when they express their affection in public.^[37]

Military service

Men, regardless of sexual orientation, must register for the draft at age 18, upon which they receive a registration card ["libreta militar"] that they may be asked to present in certain situations, for example, when seeking employment, graduating college, or buying a house.^[38]^[39] Transgender women are not required to register.

Gender identity

According to a Supreme Court decision in 2015, transgender women do not have to register for the draft, but they may serve in the military if they choose.^[40]^[41]

Sexual orientation

In 1999, the Constitutional Court established that gays and bisexuals can serve in the Colombian military and that sexual orientation cannot be a factor to prevent someone from entering the military. Judgment C-507 of 1999 declared the military rule prohibiting "homosexual acts" to be unconstitutional.^[37]

As of 2020—according to Samuel Rivera-Paéz, the author of Militares e identidad^[42]—military culture still discourages discussion of same-sex attraction. There are politics of "se puede ser, pero no demostrar" [you can exist, but not show off],^[43] similar to what is referred to in English as "don't ask, don't tell".

Blood donation

In 2012, the Constitutional Court found that one's sexual orientation cannot be a criterion for preventing blood donation. For this purpose, the court ordered the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to change the donation regulations, which established that men who have sex with men could not donate blood. The court ordered the Ministry of Health that regulations must be addressed to verify and identify high or low levels of risk according to the sexual behavior of the person and that sexual orientation is not in itself a de facto risk.^[44]

Social conditions

According to a report in The Washington Post, Bogotá and Medellín have thriving gay neighbourhoods, bars whose patrons are openly gay and centres that provide counselling and legal advice to members of the LGBT community. Local politicians, among them former Mayor Luis Eduardo Garzón and prominent members of Congress such as Senator Armando Benedetti, have supported granting legal rights to same-sex couples. Former President Juan Manuel Santos has shown support for LGBT rights, having two openly gay ministers in his government. Additionally, the mainstream media has a comprehensive coverage of the LGBT community. In the last few years, gay characters have appeared in more and more television programs and soap operas, especially a gay love scene in the prime-time soap opera Dr Mata and a lesbian scene in the series A corazón abierto. Despite support from the media, the government, several politicians, change in laws giving equal rights to homosexuals and transgender people and a more open debate about LGBT rights, Colombian society is still generally conservative on this issue.

In October 2019, an Invamer poll showed that support for same-sex marriage had, for the first time ever in Colombia, reached 50%, with 47% opposing. As for same-sex adoption, acceptance was at 36% and opposition at 62%.^[45] Previously, opinion surveys had found that a minority of Colombians supported same-sex marriage. A poll conducted between November and December 2016 showed that support for same-sex marriage was 37%, while 59% were against.^[46] Support for same-sex adoption was only 22%, while 76% were against.^[46] Another 2016 poll showed support for same-sex marriage at 40% and 57% opposed.^[47]

In May 2015, PlanetRomeo, an LGBT social network, published its first Gay Happiness Index (GHI). Gay men from over 120 countries were asked about how they feel about society’s view on homosexuality, how do they experience the way they are treated by other people and how satisfied are they with their lives. Colombia was ranked 38th with a GHI score of 51.^[48]

In October 2019, Claudia López Hernández became the first openly gay person to serve as mayor of Bogotá, in an election labelled by the National Civil Registry as "the most peaceful in recent history".^[49]^[50] Lopez married Senator Angélica Lozano Correa in December 2019.^[51] In addition, two openly LGBT people were elected to Congress: Andrés Cancimance represting Putumayo and Oriana Zambrano representing La Guajira. Several candidates were also elected as local council members in Cali, Medellín, San Rafael, Pereira and more.^[52]

Several festivals and events cater to the LGBT community. These include pride parades in Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Cúcuta and Sincelejo, among others.^[53] Other events are the Rumours Festival in Cartagena, a music festival held in June, and Bogotá's Halloween Fiesta.^[54] Barranquilla's Carnival, one of the biggest carnivals in the world, includes a gay parade.^[55] Various other outlets catering to the LGBT community have been established over the years, including the emergence of new public-facing online publications like OutinColombia.com and egoCity Magazine.

Summary table

Same-sex sexual activity legal	(Since 1981)
Equal age of consent
Anti-discrimination laws in all areas (employment, goods and services, etc.)	(Since 2011)
Right to express affection in public	(Protected by a Constitutional Court ruling)
Same-sex marriages	(Since 2016)
Recognition of same-sex couples	(Since 2007)
Recognition of same-sex marriages from abroad	(Since 2016)
Stepchild adoption by same-sex couples	(Since 2014)
Joint adoption by same-sex couples	(Since 2015)
Adoption by single LGBT persons	(Since 2012)
Automatic parenthood for both spouses after birth	(Since 2015)
LGB people allowed to serve openly in the military	(Since 1999)
Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the military	(Since 2015)
"Neutral" or blank space regarding gender on birth certificates	(Since 2015)
Right to change legal gender
Right to change legal gender without psychiatric or physical evaluations	(Since 2015)
Conversion therapy banned on minors
Access to IVF for lesbians
Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples	^[56]
MSMs allowed to donate blood	(Since 2012)

References

^ ^a ^b Ordóñez, Juan Pablo; Richard Elliott (1996). ""Cleaning up the Streets": Human Rights Violations in Colombia and Honduras". International Lesbian and Gay Association. Archived from the original on 24 June 2004. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
^ Colombia failing to stem murders of LGBT people, Reuters, 6 July 2018
^ (in Spanish) Interpol report on legal age in Colombia (note that this report in Spanish seems to show the age of consent for females is 12, which contradicts other sources noted in this article).
^ ^a ^b "World Legal Survey: Colombia". International Lesbian and Gay Association. 31 July 2000. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (8 February 2007). "Corte da primer derecho a parejas gays". El Tiempo.
^ "Rights for Colombia gay couples". BBC News. 8 February 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007..
^ Lakshmanan, Indira A. R. (9 February 2007). "Colombia court backs rights for gay couples". Retrieved 26 June 2016 – via The Boston Globe.
^ "Colombia Gives Gay Couples Same Rights As Marriage". 365Gay.com. 15 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
^ "Colombia Gay Unions Bill Dies". 365Gay.com. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.
^ "Colombian Court Rules for Marriage Equality". www.advocate.com. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
^ "First Same-Sex Couple Wins Marriage Suit in Colombia". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "El 'viacrucis' del matrimonio gay". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Corte Constitucional iniciará discusión que anula matrimonios de parejas del mismo sexo – LA F.m." Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Registran en Colombia primer matrimonio de pareja del mismo sexo celebrado en el exterior". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Colombia high court rules in favour of same-sex marriage". Washington Blade. 7 April 2016.
^ "Corte legaliza el matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Primera boda gay en Colombia se realizó en Cali – LA F.m." Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Colombia lifts same-sex adoption limits – BBC News". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Corte Constitucional de Colombia aprueba adopción de niños por parte de parejas del mismo sexo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ Potts, Andrew (31 March 2016). "Two million Colombians demand referendum to repeal gay adoption rights". Gay Star News.
^ "Congreso hunde proyecto de referendo sobre adopción igualitaria". www.elpais.com.co.
^ "Colombia court allows gay couples to register children". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com (in Spanish). 29 November 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "Colombian President Signs Anti-Discrimination Law – NDI". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ ""Por medio de la cual se modifica el Código Penal y se establecen otras disposiciones."" (PDF).
^ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Corte Constitucional falló a favor de la familia de Sergio Urrego – Justicia – El Tiempo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Colombia considers most sweeping LGBT protections yet – The City Paper Bogotá". 8 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá". www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co.
^ "Decreto 762 del 7 de Mayo de 2018, Política Pública garantía de los Derechos sectores sociales LGBTI | Ministerio del Interior". www.mininterior.gov.co.
^ Sentencia T – 062 of 2011, M.P. Luisa Ernesto Vargas Silva. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 4 February 2011.
^ Sentencia T-918 de 2012, M.P. Jorge Iván Palacio. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 8 November 2012.
^ Sentencia T −977 de 2011, M.P. Alexei Julio Estrada. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 22 November 2012.
^ Sentencia T −086 de 2014, M.P. Jorge Ignacio Pretelt Chaljub. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 17 February 2014.
^ "These Ten Trans People Just Got Their First IDs Under Colombia's New Gender Rules". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex on IDs Without Physical Exams". 8 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia" (PDF). OutRight International. 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Los 73 triunfos de los LGBTI". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ AP (30 November 2015). "Colombia: Debate Grows Over Country's Draft". NBC News. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
^ Finn, Luke (11 February 2014). "Military Recruitment Breeds Inequality for Colombia's Teenage Boys". NACLA. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
^ "Sentencia T-099/15". www.corteconstitucional.gov.co. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
^ "Gina Hoyos Gallego, el caso que abre la puerta para los derechos de personas trans frente a la libreta militar". Colombia diversa (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2020.
^ "Militares e identidad | Pontificia Universidad Javeriana". www.javeriana.edu.co (in European Spanish). Retrieved 18 March 2020.
^ Casa Editorial (16 March 2020). "'Las élites del país tienen un sesgo antimilitar': Samuel Rivera". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 March 2020.
^ "Homosexualidad no es impedimento para donar sangre: Corte Constitucional". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ "25 años de Poll". Invamer (in Spanish). p. 72 and 73. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
^ ^a ^b "0391-16000010_Gallup Poll #116 | Cuestionario | Colombia | Free 30-day Trial". Scribd.
^ "Gallup: El matrimonio civil entre parejas homosexuales" (in Spanish). Scribd. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
^ The Gay Happiness Index. The very first worldwide country ranking, based on the input of 115,000 gay men Planet Romeo
^ Emblin, Richard (27 October 2019). "Claudia López elected Mayor of Bogotá and first women to govern capital". The City Paper Bogotá.
^ "Colombia's capital Bogota elects first fenale mayor". France 24. 28 October 2019.
^ "Bogotá: senadora y alcaldesa son las primeras mujeres del mundo político en casarse tras la legalización del matrimonio homosexual en Colombia". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 17 December 2019.
^ "Colombia tiene su primera alcaldesa lesbiana: la mirada LGBT a las elecciones regionales". El Espectador (in Spanish). 27 October 2019.
^ "Así serán las marchas del orgullo LGBTI en las ciudades de Colombia". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 28 June 2019.
^ "El festival de Halloween LGBT que dura 6 días en Bogotá". pulzo (in Spanish). 29 October 2019.
^ "LGBTQ+ in Colombia? Here's What to Know". viahero.com. 18 October 2018.
^ Valencia, Alejandro (11 January 2019). "¿Deberían pagar cárcel quienes practiquen el "alquiler de vientres" en Colombia?". asuntos legales.

External links

Official website of Colombia Diversa. (in Spanish)
Official website of LGBT Uniandino. (in Spanish)
(in Spanish) Partido Socialista Español (PSOE) – Apoyos Politicos a la causa gay lesbica en Colombia (Spanish Socialist Party news article on political supporters of gay and lesbian rights in Colombia)

[cleaningstreets-1] Ordóñez, Juan Pablo; Richard Elliott (1996). ""Cleaning up the Streets": Human Rights Violations in Colombia and Honduras". International Lesbian and Gay Association. Archived from the original on 24 June 2004. Retrieved 13 November 2009.

[2] Colombia failing to stem murders of LGBT people, Reuters, 6 July 2018

[3] (in Spanish) Interpol report on legal age in Colombia (note that this report in Spanish seems to show the age of consent for females is 12, which contradicts other sources noted in this article).

[ilgacolombia-4] "World Legal Survey: Colombia". International Lesbian and Gay Association. 31 July 2000. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.

[5] Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (8 February 2007). "Corte da primer derecho a parejas gays". El Tiempo.

[bbc020807-6] "Rights for Colombia gay couples". BBC News. 8 February 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007..

[7] Lakshmanan, Indira A. R. (9 February 2007). "Colombia court backs rights for gay couples". Retrieved 26 June 2016 – via The Boston Globe.

[8] "Colombia Gives Gay Couples Same Rights As Marriage". 365Gay.com. 15 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.

[9] "Colombia Gay Unions Bill Dies". 365Gay.com. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2009.

[10] "Colombian Court Rules for Marriage Equality". www.advocate.com. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.

[11] "First Same-Sex Couple Wins Marriage Suit in Colombia". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[12] "El 'viacrucis' del matrimonio gay". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[13] "Corte Constitucional iniciará discusión que anula matrimonios de parejas del mismo sexo – LA F.m." Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[14] "Registran en Colombia primer matrimonio de pareja del mismo sexo celebrado en el exterior". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[15] "Colombia high court rules in favour of same-sex marriage". Washington Blade. 7 April 2016.

[16] "Corte legaliza el matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[17] "Primera boda gay en Colombia se realizó en Cali – LA F.m." Archived from the original on 31 May 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[18] "Colombia lifts same-sex adoption limits – BBC News". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[19] "Corte Constitucional de Colombia aprueba adopción de niños por parte de parejas del mismo sexo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[20] Potts, Andrew (31 March 2016). "Two million Colombians demand referendum to repeal gay adoption rights". Gay Star News.

[21] "Congreso hunde proyecto de referendo sobre adopción igualitaria". www.elpais.com.co.

[22] "Colombia court allows gay couples to register children". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[23] "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com (in Spanish). 29 November 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

[24] "Colombian President Signs Anti-Discrimination Law – NDI". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[25] ""Por medio de la cual se modifica el Código Penal y se establecen otras disposiciones."" (PDF).

[26] Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Corte Constitucional falló a favor de la familia de Sergio Urrego – Justicia – El Tiempo". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[27] "Colombia considers most sweeping LGBT protections yet – The City Paper Bogotá". 8 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[28] "Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá". www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co.

[29] "Decreto 762 del 7 de Mayo de 2018, Política Pública garantía de los Derechos sectores sociales LGBTI | Ministerio del Interior". www.mininterior.gov.co.

[30] Sentencia T – 062 of 2011, M.P. Luisa Ernesto Vargas Silva. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 4 February 2011.

[31] Sentencia T-918 de 2012, M.P. Jorge Iván Palacio. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 8 November 2012.

[32] Sentencia T −977 de 2011, M.P. Alexei Julio Estrada. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 22 November 2012.

[33] Sentencia T −086 de 2014, M.P. Jorge Ignacio Pretelt Chaljub. CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA. 17 February 2014.

[34] "These Ten Trans People Just Got Their First IDs Under Colombia's New Gender Rules". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[35] "Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex on IDs Without Physical Exams". 8 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[36] "Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia" (PDF). OutRight International. 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

[elespectador.com-37] "Los 73 triunfos de los LGBTI". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[38] AP (30 November 2015). "Colombia: Debate Grows Over Country's Draft". NBC News. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[39] Finn, Luke (11 February 2014). "Military Recruitment Breeds Inequality for Colombia's Teenage Boys". NACLA. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[40] "Sentencia T-099/15". www.corteconstitucional.gov.co. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[41] "Gina Hoyos Gallego, el caso que abre la puerta para los derechos de personas trans frente a la libreta militar". Colombia diversa (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 May 2020.

[42] "Militares e identidad | Pontificia Universidad Javeriana". www.javeriana.edu.co (in European Spanish). Retrieved 18 March 2020.

[43] Casa Editorial (16 March 2020). "'Las élites del país tienen un sesgo antimilitar': Samuel Rivera". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 March 2020.

[44] "Homosexualidad no es impedimento para donar sangre: Corte Constitucional". Retrieved 26 June 2016.

[45] "25 años de Poll". Invamer (in Spanish). p. 72 and 73. Retrieved 4 December 2019.

[gallup-46] "0391-16000010_Gallup Poll #116 | Cuestionario | Colombia | Free 30-day Trial". Scribd.

[47] "Gallup: El matrimonio civil entre parejas homosexuales" (in Spanish). Scribd. Retrieved 11 July 2016.

[48] The Gay Happiness Index. The very first worldwide country ranking, based on the input of 115,000 gay men Planet Romeo

[49] Emblin, Richard (27 October 2019). "Claudia López elected Mayor of Bogotá and first women to govern capital". The City Paper Bogotá.

[50] "Colombia's capital Bogota elects first fenale mayor". France 24. 28 October 2019.

[51] "Bogotá: senadora y alcaldesa son las primeras mujeres del mundo político en casarse tras la legalización del matrimonio homosexual en Colombia". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 17 December 2019.

[52] "Colombia tiene su primera alcaldesa lesbiana: la mirada LGBT a las elecciones regionales". El Espectador (in Spanish). 27 October 2019.

[53] "Así serán las marchas del orgullo LGBTI en las ciudades de Colombia". El Tiempo (in Spanish). 28 June 2019.

[54] "El festival de Halloween LGBT que dura 6 días en Bogotá". pulzo (in Spanish). 29 October 2019.

[55] "LGBTQ+ in Colombia? Here's What to Know". viahero.com. 18 October 2018.

[56] Valencia, Alejandro (11 January 2019). "¿Deberían pagar cárcel quienes practiquen el "alquiler de vientres" en Colombia?". asuntos legales.

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 | discrimination_protections = Sexual orientation protections since 2011
 }}
-'''Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Colombia''' are [[LGBT rights in the Americas|among the most advanced in Latin America]], and have substantially progressed since consensual homosexual activity was decriminalized in 1981. Between February 2007 and April 2008, three rulings of the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]] granted registered same-sex couples the same pension, social security and property rights as registered heterosexual couples.<ref name='cleaningstreets'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/supporting%20files/cleaning_up_the_streets_.htm#Legal%20Situation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624190210/http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/supporting%20files/cleaning_up_the_streets_.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 June 2004 |title="Cleaning up the Streets": Human Rights Violations in Colombia and Honduras |accessdate=13 November 2009 |last=Ordóñez |first=Juan Pablo |author2=Richard Elliott |year=1996 |publisher=International Lesbian and Gay Association }}</ref> In 2011, [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]] passed a law banning discrimination based on sexual orientation, and on 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court legalized [[same-sex marriage]], making Colombia the fourth South American country to legalize it.
+'''Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Colombia''' are [[LGBT rights in the Americas|among the most advanced in Latin America]], and have substantially progressed since consensual homosexual activity was decriminalized in 1981. Between February 2007 and April 2008, three rulings of the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]] granted registered same-sex couples the same pension, social security and property rights as registered heterosexual couples.<ref name='cleaningstreets'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/supporting%20files/cleaning_up_the_streets_.htm#Legal%20Situation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624190210/http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/supporting%20files/cleaning_up_the_streets_.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 June 2004 |title="Cleaning up the Streets": Human Rights Violations in Colombia and Honduras |access-date=13 November 2009 |last=Ordóñez |first=Juan Pablo |author2=Richard Elliott |year=1996 |publisher=International Lesbian and Gay Association }}</ref> In 2011, [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]] passed a law banning discrimination based on sexual orientation, and on 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court legalized [[same-sex marriage]], making Colombia the fourth South American country to legalize it.
 Despite recent advances in LGBT rights, reports of discrimination against members of the LGBT community are still commonplace. A reported 109 LGBT people were murdered in [[Colombia]] in 2017 and 108 in 2016, in spite of an overall fall in the murder rate.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-lgbt-murder/colombia-failing-to-stem-murders-of-lgbt-people-idUSKBN1JW21L Colombia failing to stem murders of LGBT people], ''Reuters'', 6 July 2018</ref>
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 Article 42 of the Constitution states "the family is the basic nucleus of society. It is formed on the basis of natural or legal ties, by the free decision of a man and woman to contract matrimony or by their responsible resolve to comply with it".
-Law reforms in the 1990s equalized the [[Ages of consent in South America#Colombia|age of consent in Colombia]] at 14 for both [[homosexuality|homosexual]] and [[heterosexuality|heterosexual]] sex.<ref name='cleaningstreets'/><ref>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070207062749/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaColombia.pdf Interpol report on legal age in Colombia] (note that this report in Spanish seems to show the age of consent for females is 12, which contradicts other sources noted in this article).</ref> In 1998, the Constitutional Court ruled that public school teachers cannot be fired for revealing their sexual orientation, nor can private religious schools ban gay students from enrolling.<ref name='ilgacolombia'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/colombia.htm |title=World Legal Survey: Colombia |accessdate=13 November 2009 |date=31 July 2000 |publisher=International Lesbian and Gay Association |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629200118/http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/colombia.htm |archivedate=29 June 2007}}</ref> In 1999, the same court unanimously ruled that the [[Military Forces of Colombia|armed forces]] could not ban homosexuals and bisexuals from serving, being a violation of constitutional guarantees of "personal and family intimacy" and "the free development of one's personality."<ref name='ilgacolombia'/>
+Law reforms in the 1990s equalized the [[Ages of consent in South America#Colombia|age of consent in Colombia]] at 14 for both [[homosexuality|homosexual]] and [[heterosexuality|heterosexual]] sex.<ref name='cleaningstreets'/><ref>{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070207062749/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/CsaColombia.pdf Interpol report on legal age in Colombia] (note that this report in Spanish seems to show the age of consent for females is 12, which contradicts other sources noted in this article).</ref> In 1998, the Constitutional Court ruled that public school teachers cannot be fired for revealing their sexual orientation, nor can private religious schools ban gay students from enrolling.<ref name='ilgacolombia'>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/colombia.htm |title=World Legal Survey: Colombia |access-date=13 November 2009 |date=31 July 2000 |publisher=International Lesbian and Gay Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629200118/http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/colombia.htm |archive-date=29 June 2007}}</ref> In 1999, the same court unanimously ruled that the [[Military Forces of Colombia|armed forces]] could not ban homosexuals and bisexuals from serving, being a violation of constitutional guarantees of "personal and family intimacy" and "the free development of one's personality."<ref name='ilgacolombia'/>
 ==Recognition of same-sex relationships==
 {{main|Same-sex marriage in Colombia}}
-On 7 February 2007, the Colombian Constitutional Court extended property and inheritance rights to same-sex couples,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-2382272|title=Corte da primer derecho a parejas gays|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|date=8 February 2007|website=El Tiempo}}</ref><ref name='bbc020807'>{{cite news |title=Rights for Colombia gay couples |date=8 February 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6341593.stm |work=BBC News |accessdate=30 July 2007}}.</ref> as a result of a constitutional action presented by the public interest law group of the [[University of Los Andes (Colombia)|Universidad de los Andes]]. The decision did not include pension or social security (health insurance) rights. In a second ruling of 5 October 2007, the Constitutional Court extended social security (health insurance) benefits to same-sex couples, and in a ruling on 17 April 2008 pension rights were extended. With these three rulings, same-sex couples in Colombia now enjoy the main benefits as heterosexual couples under the same terms.
+On 7 February 2007, the Colombian Constitutional Court extended property and inheritance rights to same-sex couples,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-2382272|title=Corte da primer derecho a parejas gays|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|date=8 February 2007|website=El Tiempo}}</ref><ref name='bbc020807'>{{cite news |title=Rights for Colombia gay couples |date=8 February 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6341593.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=30 July 2007}}.</ref> as a result of a constitutional action presented by the public interest law group of the [[University of Los Andes (Colombia)|Universidad de los Andes]]. The decision did not include pension or social security (health insurance) rights. In a second ruling of 5 October 2007, the Constitutional Court extended social security (health insurance) benefits to same-sex couples, and in a ruling on 17 April 2008 pension rights were extended. With these three rulings, same-sex couples in Colombia now enjoy the main benefits as heterosexual couples under the same terms.
-These three rulings by the Constitutional Court replaced the defeated [[civil union]] bill that was rejected in Congress. On 19 June 2007, the bill, which would have treated unregistered same-sex partners the same as unregistered opposite-sex partners in law, was defeated in [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2007/02/09/colombia_court_backs_rights_for_gay_couples/|title=Colombia court backs rights for gay couples|first=Indira A. R.|last=Lakshmanan|date=9 February 2007|accessdate=26 June 2016|via=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Slightly different versions of the bill passed in each house, and President [[Álvaro Uribe]] indicated he would support it. A compromise bill then passed one house but failed in the other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://365gay.com/Newscon07/06/061507columbia.htm|title=Colombia Gives Gay Couples Same Rights As Marriage|date=15 June 2007|publisher=365Gay.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618231116/http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/061507columbia.htm|archivedate=18 June 2007|accessdate=13 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/062007colombia.htm|title=Colombia Gay Unions Bill Dies|date=20 June 2007|publisher=365Gay.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626054456/http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/062007colombia.htm|archivedate=26 June 2007|accessdate=13 November 2009}}</ref> The bill was defeated by a bloc of conservative senators. The bill, which had been endorsed by President [[Álvaro Uribe]], would have made Colombia the first nation in [[Latin America]] to grant same-sex couples in long-term relationships the same rights to health insurance, inheritance and social security as heterosexual couples. However, with the rulings of the Constitutional Court, same-sex couples today enjoy the same rights that this failed bill would have given them.
+These three rulings by the Constitutional Court replaced the defeated [[civil union]] bill that was rejected in Congress. On 19 June 2007, the bill, which would have treated unregistered same-sex partners the same as unregistered opposite-sex partners in law, was defeated in [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2007/02/09/colombia_court_backs_rights_for_gay_couples/|title=Colombia court backs rights for gay couples|first=Indira A. R.|last=Lakshmanan|date=9 February 2007|access-date=26 June 2016|via=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Slightly different versions of the bill passed in each house, and President [[Álvaro Uribe]] indicated he would support it. A compromise bill then passed one house but failed in the other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://365gay.com/Newscon07/06/061507columbia.htm|title=Colombia Gives Gay Couples Same Rights As Marriage|date=15 June 2007|publisher=365Gay.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618231116/http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/061507columbia.htm|archive-date=18 June 2007|access-date=13 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/062007colombia.htm|title=Colombia Gay Unions Bill Dies|date=20 June 2007|publisher=365Gay.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626054456/http://www.365gay.com/Newscon07/06/062007colombia.htm|archive-date=26 June 2007|access-date=13 November 2009}}</ref> The bill was defeated by a bloc of conservative senators. The bill, which had been endorsed by President [[Álvaro Uribe]], would have made Colombia the first nation in [[Latin America]] to grant same-sex couples in long-term relationships the same rights to health insurance, inheritance and social security as heterosexual couples. However, with the rulings of the Constitutional Court, same-sex couples today enjoy the same rights that this failed bill would have given them.
-In July 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled in a landmark decision that same-sex couples have the right to marry in Colombia. The Colombian Congress had to create an equivalent of marriage for same-sex couples by 20 June 2013, or else couples would automatically gain the right to go to any judge or public notary to formalise their union, according to the ruling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2011/07/27/colombian-court-rules-marriage-equality|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120719071559/http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2011/07/27/Colombian_Court_Rules_for_Marriage_Equality/|url-status=dead|title=Colombian Court Rules for Marriage Equality|date=27 July 2011|archivedate=19 July 2012|website=www.advocate.com}}</ref> As the Colombia Congress failed to pass a same-sex marriage bill by that date, the courts instead began approving marriages themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/first-same-sex-couple-wins-marriage-suit-in-colomb-9a7s|title=First Same-Sex Couple Wins Marriage Suit in Colombia|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> The issue of same-sex marriage once again came before the Constitutional Court in 2015 after the country's Inspector General requested that the Court invalidate all the same-sex marriages approved in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/el-viacrucis-del-matrimonio-gay/419340-3|title=El 'viacrucis' del matrimonio gay|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> A hearing took place in July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lafm.com.co/noticias/corte-constitucional-iniciar-d-182155#ixzz3ZMmzSQv8|title=Corte Constitucional iniciará discusión que anula matrimonios de parejas del mismo sexo – LA F.m.|accessdate=26 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081957/http://www.lafm.com.co/noticias/corte-constitucional-iniciar-d-182155#ixzz3ZMmzSQv8|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+In July 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled in a landmark decision that same-sex couples have the right to marry in Colombia. The Colombian Congress had to create an equivalent of marriage for same-sex couples by 20 June 2013, or else couples would automatically gain the right to go to any judge or public notary to formalise their union, according to the ruling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2011/07/27/colombian-court-rules-marriage-equality|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120719071559/http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2011/07/27/Colombian_Court_Rules_for_Marriage_Equality/|url-status=dead|title=Colombian Court Rules for Marriage Equality|date=27 July 2011|archive-date=19 July 2012|website=www.advocate.com}}</ref> As the Colombia Congress failed to pass a same-sex marriage bill by that date, the courts instead began approving marriages themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/first-same-sex-couple-wins-marriage-suit-in-colomb-9a7s|title=First Same-Sex Couple Wins Marriage Suit in Colombia|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> The issue of same-sex marriage once again came before the Constitutional Court in 2015 after the country's Inspector General requested that the Court invalidate all the same-sex marriages approved in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/el-viacrucis-del-matrimonio-gay/419340-3|title=El 'viacrucis' del matrimonio gay|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> A hearing took place in July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lafm.com.co/noticias/corte-constitucional-iniciar-d-182155#ixzz3ZMmzSQv8|title=Corte Constitucional iniciará discusión que anula matrimonios de parejas del mismo sexo – LA F.m.|access-date=26 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081957/http://www.lafm.com.co/noticias/corte-constitucional-iniciar-d-182155#ixzz3ZMmzSQv8|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In March 2016, the first same-sex marriage conducted abroad was registered in Colombia and the National Registry issued a memo to all notaries and registrars ordering them to register same-sex marriages performed outside the country. Same-sex couples married abroad are now entitled to the same visa, healthcare benefits, inheritance and pension rights as heterosexual spouses once they take a stamped marriage certificate and identification papers to the nearest designated office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia-diversa.org/2016/03/registran-en-colombia-primer-matrimonio.html|title=Registran en Colombia primer matrimonio de pareja del mismo sexo celebrado en el exterior|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+In March 2016, the first same-sex marriage conducted abroad was registered in Colombia and the National Registry issued a memo to all notaries and registrars ordering them to register same-sex marriages performed outside the country. Same-sex couples married abroad are now entitled to the same visa, healthcare benefits, inheritance and pension rights as heterosexual spouses once they take a stamped marriage certificate and identification papers to the nearest designated office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia-diversa.org/2016/03/registran-en-colombia-primer-matrimonio.html|title=Registran en Colombia primer matrimonio de pareja del mismo sexo celebrado en el exterior|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
-On 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court voted 6–3 in favor of same-sex marriage, holding that banning such unions is unconstitutional and discriminatory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2016/04/07/colombia-high-court-rules-in-favor-of-same-sex-marriage/|title=Colombia high court rules in favour of same-sex marriage|work=Washington Blade|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> The ruling effectively grants same-sex couples the right to marry as it orders all judges and notaries to grant the couples marriage licenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wradio.com.co/noticias/actualidad/corte-legaliza-el-matrimonio-entre-parejas-del-mismo-sexo/20160428/nota/3119179.aspx|title=Corte legaliza el matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> The first same-sex wedding in the country happened in [[Cali]] on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lafm.com.co/nacional/noticias/primera-boda-gay-en-colombia-s-206820|title=Primera boda gay en Colombia se realizó en Cali – LA F.m.|accessdate=26 June 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160531031635/http://www.lafm.com.co/nacional/noticias/primera-boda-gay-en-colombia-s-206820|archivedate=31 May 2016}}</ref>
+On 28 April 2016, the Constitutional Court voted 6–3 in favor of same-sex marriage, holding that banning such unions is unconstitutional and discriminatory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2016/04/07/colombia-high-court-rules-in-favor-of-same-sex-marriage/|title=Colombia high court rules in favour of same-sex marriage|work=Washington Blade|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> The ruling effectively grants same-sex couples the right to marry as it orders all judges and notaries to grant the couples marriage licenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wradio.com.co/noticias/actualidad/corte-legaliza-el-matrimonio-entre-parejas-del-mismo-sexo/20160428/nota/3119179.aspx|title=Corte legaliza el matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> The first same-sex wedding in the country happened in [[Cali]] on 24 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lafm.com.co/nacional/noticias/primera-boda-gay-en-colombia-s-206820|title=Primera boda gay en Colombia se realizó en Cali – LA F.m.|access-date=26 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20160531031635/http://www.lafm.com.co/nacional/noticias/primera-boda-gay-en-colombia-s-206820|archive-date=31 May 2016}}</ref>
 ==Adoption and parenting==
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 In May 2012, the Constitutional Court issued a ruling in favour of the adoption of two children to the American, [[Chandler Burr]], who was going to lose custody because the ICBF (the institution responsible for carrying out adoption procedures; ''Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar'') considered that he was hiding his sexual orientation. Since then, the ICBF cannot ask the sexual orientation of a person when they wish to adopt individually. Since 2014, LGBT individuals can adopt the biological child of their partner.
-On 4 November 2015, the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]] ruled 6–2 in favour of full same-sex adoption rights. The court instructed adoption agencies not to discriminate against same-sex couples when providing adoption services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-34729490|title=Colombia lifts same-sex adoption limits – BBC News|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> Opponents of the ruling said they would try to overturn it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abogadosdefamilia.enmedellincolombia.com/corte-constitucional-de-colombia-aprueba-adopcion-de-ninos-por-parte-de-parejas-del-mismo-sexo/ |title=Corte Constitucional de Colombia aprueba adopción de niños por parte de parejas del mismo sexo|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> By 31 March 2016, a campaign wanting to force a referendum on adoption rights for same-sex couples had gathered 1.8 million signatures, including 45 members of Congress. The campaign aimed to repeal the Constitutional Court ruling issued in November 2015. However, first, the signatures would have to be accepted by Colombia's Registrar, then the proposal would go to Congress where it would have to be debated and passed by a majority in both its chambers, twice. Finally, the proposal would have to also be approved by the Constitutional Court, the very court whose authority it sought to challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/two-million-colombians-demand-referendum-repeal-gay-adoption-rights/ |author=Potts, Andrew |title=Two million Colombians demand referendum to repeal gay adoption rights |publisher=Gay Star News |date=31 March 2016}}</ref> In May 2017, a Congress committee decided, in a 20–12 vote, to shelve the proposal. The move was applauded by President Juan Manuel Santos, who had previously announced his opposition to the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpais.com.co/colombia/congreso-hunde-polemico-referendo-de-adopcion-igualitaria.html|title=Congreso hunde proyecto de referendo sobre adopción igualitaria|website=www.elpais.com.co}}</ref>
+On 4 November 2015, the [[Constitutional Court of Colombia|Constitutional Court]] ruled 6–2 in favour of full same-sex adoption rights. The court instructed adoption agencies not to discriminate against same-sex couples when providing adoption services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-34729490|title=Colombia lifts same-sex adoption limits – BBC News|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> Opponents of the ruling said they would try to overturn it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abogadosdefamilia.enmedellincolombia.com/corte-constitucional-de-colombia-aprueba-adopcion-de-ninos-por-parte-de-parejas-del-mismo-sexo/ |title=Corte Constitucional de Colombia aprueba adopción de niños por parte de parejas del mismo sexo|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> By 31 March 2016, a campaign wanting to force a referendum on adoption rights for same-sex couples had gathered 1.8 million signatures, including 45 members of Congress. The campaign aimed to repeal the Constitutional Court ruling issued in November 2015. However, first, the signatures would have to be accepted by Colombia's Registrar, then the proposal would go to Congress where it would have to be debated and passed by a majority in both its chambers, twice. Finally, the proposal would have to also be approved by the Constitutional Court, the very court whose authority it sought to challenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/two-million-colombians-demand-referendum-repeal-gay-adoption-rights/ |author=Potts, Andrew |title=Two million Colombians demand referendum to repeal gay adoption rights |publisher=Gay Star News |date=31 March 2016}}</ref> In May 2017, a Congress committee decided, in a 20–12 vote, to shelve the proposal. The move was applauded by President Juan Manuel Santos, who had previously announced his opposition to the proposal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpais.com.co/colombia/congreso-hunde-polemico-referendo-de-adopcion-igualitaria.html|title=Congreso hunde proyecto de referendo sobre adopción igualitaria|website=www.elpais.com.co}}</ref>
 ===Legal registration of children===
-On 12 November 2015, the Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex couples must be allowed to register newborn children in both parents' names, with birth certificates listing two mothers or two fathers. In a 5–2 decision, the court gave the national civil registry 30 days to change its forms so that children can be registered to same-sex couples. The case was brought by two gay men who were unable to register their newborn twins. Local media reported that the babies were born in the [[United States]] to a surrogate mother. They reportedly received US citizenship and documents but could not be registered in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/colombia-court-allows-gay-couples-register-children-010026076.html|title=Colombia court allows gay couples to register children|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+On 12 November 2015, the Constitutional Court ruled that same-sex couples must be allowed to register newborn children in both parents' names, with birth certificates listing two mothers or two fathers. In a 5–2 decision, the court gave the national civil registry 30 days to change its forms so that children can be registered to same-sex couples. The case was brought by two gay men who were unable to register their newborn twins. Local media reported that the babies were born in the [[United States]] to a surrogate mother. They reportedly received US citizenship and documents but could not be registered in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/colombia-court-allows-gay-couples-register-children-010026076.html|title=Colombia court allows gay couples to register children|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 ==Discrimination protections==
-In 2011, Congress passed a bill that penalises discrimination based on sexual orientation. The law established imprisonment for one to three years and economic fines for people who discriminate against different groups including the LGBT community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-10855506.html|accessdate=30 September 2010|newspaper=ElTiempo.com|date=29 November 2011|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndi.org/Colombian-president-signs-antidiscrimination-law|title=Colombian President Signs Anti-Discrimination Law – NDI|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+In 2011, Congress passed a bill that penalises discrimination based on sexual orientation. The law established imprisonment for one to three years and economic fines for people who discriminate against different groups including the LGBT community.<ref>{{cite news|title=Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-10855506.html|access-date=30 September 2010|newspaper=ElTiempo.com|date=29 November 2011|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndi.org/Colombian-president-signs-antidiscrimination-law|title=Colombian President Signs Anti-Discrimination Law – NDI|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 The law also states that penalties are increased when discrimination is executed in a public space, when it is carried out through mass media, if the act is carried out by a public official, when acts based on discrimination deprives someone of their labour rights or in the provision of a public service. The penalty is reduced if the person who committed the act of discrimination apologizes publicly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/Normativa/Leyes/Documents/ley148230112011.pdf|title="Por medio de la cual se modifica el Código Penal y se establecen otras disposiciones."}}</ref>
 ===Discrimination in schools===
-In August 2014, a student named Sergio Urrego committed suicide as a result of discrimination by his teachers. His mother filed a lawsuit that after several appeals finally reached the Constitutional Court. The Court ruled in favour of Urrego's family, stating that the rights to dignity, education, equality, non-discrimination, the free development of personality, privacy and due process, justice, reparation and good name had been violated. The court also ordered the school to make a public act of forgiveness and ordered the Ministry of Education that within a year it review the "manuals of coexistence" (rules governing relationships between students themselves and others members of the educational community) of all schools in the country so that they do not contain articles that discriminate against children because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. With this decision, schools across the country cannot discriminate against students because of their sexual orientation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/justicia/caso-sergio-urrego-corte-constitucional-fallo-a-favor-de-la-familia/16267834|title=Corte Constitucional falló a favor de la familia de Sergio Urrego – Justicia – El Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+In August 2014, a student named Sergio Urrego committed suicide as a result of discrimination by his teachers. His mother filed a lawsuit that after several appeals finally reached the Constitutional Court. The Court ruled in favour of Urrego's family, stating that the rights to dignity, education, equality, non-discrimination, the free development of personality, privacy and due process, justice, reparation and good name had been violated. The court also ordered the school to make a public act of forgiveness and ordered the Ministry of Education that within a year it review the "manuals of coexistence" (rules governing relationships between students themselves and others members of the educational community) of all schools in the country so that they do not contain articles that discriminate against children because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. With this decision, schools across the country cannot discriminate against students because of their sexual orientation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/justicia/caso-sergio-urrego-corte-constitucional-fallo-a-favor-de-la-familia/16267834|title=Corte Constitucional falló a favor de la familia de Sergio Urrego – Justicia – El Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|last=Tiempo|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 ===Government decree===
-The Colombian Ministry of Interior released in the spring of 2016 a presidential decree that provides a broad policy of procedural obligations for government institutions and territorial entities regarding LGBTI rights. The document calls for creating an Intersectional Commission for the Guarantee of Rights of the LGBTI Community ({{lang-es|Comisión Intersectorial para la Garantía de los Derechos de la comunidad LGBTI}}). The decree specifically addresses rights for LGBTI Colombians in public education, health care, prisons and as victims of armed conflict. The text clarifies that "national entities may not refuse to recognize that a same-sex couple can constitute a family, and in consequence, can enjoy the constitutional protections and equality of opportunities afforded other families."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecitypaperbogota.com/news/decree-creates-national-framework-lgbti-rights-colombia/11710|title=Colombia considers most sweeping LGBT protections yet – The City Paper Bogotá|date=8 February 2016|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+The Colombian Ministry of Interior released in the spring of 2016 a presidential decree that provides a broad policy of procedural obligations for government institutions and territorial entities regarding LGBTI rights. The document calls for creating an Intersectional Commission for the Guarantee of Rights of the LGBTI Community ({{lang-es|Comisión Intersectorial para la Garantía de los Derechos de la comunidad LGBTI}}). The decree specifically addresses rights for LGBTI Colombians in public education, health care, prisons and as victims of armed conflict. The text clarifies that "national entities may not refuse to recognize that a same-sex couple can constitute a family, and in consequence, can enjoy the constitutional protections and equality of opportunities afforded other families."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecitypaperbogota.com/news/decree-creates-national-framework-lgbti-rights-colombia/11710|title=Colombia considers most sweeping LGBT protections yet – The City Paper Bogotá|date=8 February 2016|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 In May 2018, President [[Juan Manuel Santos]] issued an executive decree ordering the Interior Ministry to further guarantee the rights of LGBT people in the social sector, notably in health, education, work, housing, recreation, sports and culture, as well as establishing support programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=77451&dt=S|title=Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá|website=www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mininterior.gov.co/la-institucion/normatividad/decreto-762-del-7-de-mayo-de-2018-politica-publica-garantia-de-los-derechos-sectores-sociales-lgbti|title=Decreto 762 del 7 de Mayo de 2018, Política Pública garantía de los Derechos sectores sociales LGBTI &#124; Ministerio del Interior|website=www.mininterior.gov.co}}</ref>
@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
 Constitutional Court rulings in 2012,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sentencia T −977 de 2011, M.P. Alexei Julio Estrada|publisher=CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA|date=22 November 2012}}</ref> and 2014 allow name changes to be performed more than once.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sentencia T −086 de 2014, M.P. Jorge Ignacio Pretelt Chaljub|publisher=CORTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE COLOMBIA|date=17 February 2014}}</ref>
-In response to two rulings of the Constitutional Court in 2015, the Colombian Government issued a decree on 4 June 2015 to simplify the process by which adults over 18 can legally change their gender. The decree, signed by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior, says the gender change is justified by a person's individual choice; it eliminates the requirement for psychiatric or physical examinations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/these-ten-trans-people-just-became-the-first-to-celebrate-co|title=These Ten Trans People Just Got Their First IDs Under Colombia's New Gender Rules|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex on IDs Without Physical Exams|date=8 June 2015|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+In response to two rulings of the Constitutional Court in 2015, the Colombian Government issued a decree on 4 June 2015 to simplify the process by which adults over 18 can legally change their gender. The decree, signed by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior, says the gender change is justified by a person's individual choice; it eliminates the requirement for psychiatric or physical examinations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/these-ten-trans-people-just-became-the-first-to-celebrate-co|title=These Ten Trans People Just Got Their First IDs Under Colombia's New Gender Rules|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex on IDs Without Physical Exams|date=8 June 2015|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
-Notaries and local authorities sometimes believe they have discretionary authority to make their own rules, although officially this is not true. A 2016 report mentioned a pending legal case in which a person had been unable to find any notary willing to change their name without also changing their sex, even though the law allows this. The report, ''Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/TransRpt_Colombia_SP.pdf|title=Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia|date=2016|website=OutRight International|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> was published jointly by [[OutRight Action International]], ''El Aquelarre Trans'', a transgender advocacy coalition, and ''El Programa de Acción por la Igualdad y la Inclusión Social'' (PAIIS), a program at the law school of [[University of Los Andes (Colombia)|Universidad de los Andes]] that researches and communicate information about human rights. This same 2016 report also recommended ending the [[Medicalization|psychiatric pathologization]] of transgender identity and abandoning [[Compulsory sterilization|sterilization as a prerequisite]] for other physical changes.
+Notaries and local authorities sometimes believe they have discretionary authority to make their own rules, although officially this is not true. A 2016 report mentioned a pending legal case in which a person had been unable to find any notary willing to change their name without also changing their sex, even though the law allows this. The report, ''Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/TransRpt_Colombia_SP.pdf|title=Cartografía de derechos trans en Colombia|date=2016|website=OutRight International|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> was published jointly by [[OutRight Action International]], ''El Aquelarre Trans'', a transgender advocacy coalition, and ''El Programa de Acción por la Igualdad y la Inclusión Social'' (PAIIS), a program at the law school of [[University of Los Andes (Colombia)|Universidad de los Andes]] that researches and communicate information about human rights. This same 2016 report also recommended ending the [[Medicalization|psychiatric pathologization]] of transgender identity and abandoning [[Compulsory sterilization|sterilization as a prerequisite]] for other physical changes.
 ==Right to express affection in public==
 The Constitutional Court of Colombia has issued multiple rulings that protect the right of homosexuals and bisexuals to express themselves in public, including the right to express affection or love for their partners. In 1994, the court disapproved of the National Council of Television's refusal to show a commercial which featured a same-sex couple. This ruling was followed by others such as T-268 of 2000, where the court permitted a gay pride parade, which had previously been prevented by the Mayor of [[Neiva, Huila|Neiva]]; T-301 of 2004, which ordered the [[Santa Marta]] police to stop harassing homosexuals who visited the boardwalk of the city; and T-314 of 2011, which held the Tequendama Hotel's refusal to allow access to some homosexuals to two events that were held in its facilities as discriminatory.
-Sentence T-909 of 2011 ordered guardianship officials of Cosmocentro mall in Cali and its security firm to conduct a course to learn not to repress homosexuals when they express their affection in public.<ref name="elespectador.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/los-73-triunfos-de-los-lgbti-articulo-558170|title=Los 73 triunfos de los LGBTI|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+Sentence T-909 of 2011 ordered guardianship officials of Cosmocentro mall in Cali and its security firm to conduct a course to learn not to repress homosexuals when they express their affection in public.<ref name="elespectador.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/los-73-triunfos-de-los-lgbti-articulo-558170|title=Los 73 triunfos de los LGBTI|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 ==Military service==
-Men, regardless of sexual orientation, must register for the draft at age 18, upon which they receive a registration card ''["libreta militar"]'' that they may be asked to present in certain situations, for example, when seeking employment, graduating college, or buying a house.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombia: Debate Grows Over Country's Draft|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/colombia-debate-grows-over-countrys-draft-n471201|last=AP|first=|date=30 November 2015|website=NBC News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Military Recruitment Breeds Inequality for Colombia&#039;s Teenage Boys|url=https://nacla.org/blog/2014/2/11/military-recruitment-breeds-inequality-colombias-teenage-boys|last=Finn|first=Luke|date=11 February 2014|website=NACLA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Transgender women are not required to register.
+Men, regardless of sexual orientation, must register for the draft at age 18, upon which they receive a registration card ''["libreta militar"]'' that they may be asked to present in certain situations, for example, when seeking employment, graduating college, or buying a house.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colombia: Debate Grows Over Country's Draft|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/colombia-debate-grows-over-countrys-draft-n471201|last=AP|date=30 November 2015|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Military Recruitment Breeds Inequality for Colombia&#039;s Teenage Boys|url=https://nacla.org/blog/2014/2/11/military-recruitment-breeds-inequality-colombias-teenage-boys|last=Finn|first=Luke|date=11 February 2014|website=NACLA|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> Transgender women are not required to register.
 === Gender identity ===
-According to a Supreme Court decision in 2015, transgender women do not have to register for the draft, but they may serve in the military if they choose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sentencia T-099/15|url=https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/RELATORIA/2015/T-099-15.htm|last=|first=|date=10 March 2015|website=www.corteconstitucional.gov.co|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gina Hoyos Gallego, el caso que abre la puerta para los derechos de personas trans frente a la libreta militar|url=https://colombiadiversa.org/casos/trans-libreta-militar/|website=Colombia diversa|language=es|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
+According to a Supreme Court decision in 2015, transgender women do not have to register for the draft, but they may serve in the military if they choose.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sentencia T-099/15|url=https://www.corteconstitucional.gov.co/RELATORIA/2015/T-099-15.htm|date=10 March 2015|website=www.corteconstitucional.gov.co|access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gina Hoyos Gallego, el caso que abre la puerta para los derechos de personas trans frente a la libreta militar|url=https://colombiadiversa.org/casos/trans-libreta-militar/|website=Colombia diversa|language=es|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
 === Sexual orientation ===
 In 1999, the Constitutional Court established that gays and bisexuals can serve in the Colombian military and that sexual orientation cannot be a factor to prevent someone from entering the military. Judgment C-507 of 1999 declared the military rule prohibiting "homosexual acts" to be unconstitutional.<ref name="elespectador.com" />
-As of 2020—according to Samuel Rivera-Paéz, the author of ''Militares e identidad''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.javeriana.edu.co/editorial/libros/militares-e-identidad|title=Militares e identidad {{!}} Pontificia Universidad Javeriana|website=www.javeriana.edu.co|language=es-ES|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>—military culture still discourages discussion of same-sex attraction. There are politics of ''"se puede ser, pero no demostrar"'' [you can exist, but not show off],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/cultura/musica-y-libros/samuel-rivera-habla-de-su-investigacion-sobre-el-pensamiento-de-las-fuerzas-militares-473654|title='Las élites del país tienen un sesgo antimilitar': Samuel Rivera|last=Casa Editorial|date=2020-03-16|website=El Tiempo|language=spanish|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> similar to what is referred to in English as "[[don't ask, don't tell]]".
+As of 2020—according to Samuel Rivera-Paéz, the author of ''Militares e identidad''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.javeriana.edu.co/editorial/libros/militares-e-identidad|title=Militares e identidad {{!}} Pontificia Universidad Javeriana|website=www.javeriana.edu.co|language=es-ES|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>—military culture still discourages discussion of same-sex attraction. There are politics of ''"se puede ser, pero no demostrar"'' [you can exist, but not show off],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/cultura/musica-y-libros/samuel-rivera-habla-de-su-investigacion-sobre-el-pensamiento-de-las-fuerzas-militares-473654|title='Las élites del país tienen un sesgo antimilitar': Samuel Rivera|last=Casa Editorial|date=2020-03-16|website=El Tiempo|language=es|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref> similar to what is referred to in English as "[[don't ask, don't tell]]".
 ==Blood donation==
-In 2012, the Constitutional Court found that one's sexual orientation cannot be a criterion for preventing blood donation. For this purpose, the court ordered the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to change the donation regulations, which established that [[men who have sex with men]] could not donate blood. The court ordered the Ministry of Health that regulations must be addressed to verify and identify high or low levels of risk according to the sexual behavior of the person and that sexual orientation is not in itself a ''de facto'' risk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcolombiano.com/corte_constitucional_homosexualidad_no_es_impedimento_para_donar_sangre-CVEC_183706|title=Homosexualidad no es impedimento para donar sangre: Corte Constitucional|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref>
+In 2012, the Constitutional Court found that one's sexual orientation cannot be a criterion for preventing blood donation. For this purpose, the court ordered the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to change the donation regulations, which established that [[men who have sex with men]] could not donate blood. The court ordered the Ministry of Health that regulations must be addressed to verify and identify high or low levels of risk according to the sexual behavior of the person and that sexual orientation is not in itself a ''de facto'' risk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcolombiano.com/corte_constitucional_homosexualidad_no_es_impedimento_para_donar_sangre-CVEC_183706|title=Homosexualidad no es impedimento para donar sangre: Corte Constitucional|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref>
 ==Social conditions==
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 According to a report in ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[Bogotá]] and [[Medellín]] have thriving gay neighbourhoods, bars whose patrons are openly gay and centres that provide counselling and legal advice to members of the LGBT community. Local politicians, among them former Mayor [[Luis Eduardo Garzón]] and prominent members of Congress such as Senator Armando Benedetti, have supported granting legal rights to same-sex couples. Former President [[Juan Manuel Santos]] has shown support for LGBT rights, having two openly gay ministers in his government. Additionally, the mainstream media has a comprehensive coverage of the LGBT community. In the last few years, gay characters have appeared in more and more television programs and soap operas, especially a gay love scene in the prime-time soap opera ''Dr Mata'' and a lesbian scene in the series ''[[A corazón abierto (Colombian TV series)|A corazón abierto]]''. Despite support from the media, the government, several politicians, change in laws giving equal rights to homosexuals and transgender people and a more open debate about LGBT rights, Colombian society is still generally conservative on this issue.
-In October 2019, an Invamer poll showed that support for same-sex marriage had, for the first time ever in Colombia, reached 50%, with 47% opposing. As for same-sex adoption, acceptance was at 36% and opposition at 62%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/damg22/docs/051500190000_poll__134/1?ff&hideShareButton=true&pageLayout=singlePage|title=25 años de Poll|work=Invamer|language=es|page=72 and 73|accessdate=4 December 2019}}</ref> Previously, opinion surveys had found that a minority of Colombians supported same-sex marriage. A poll conducted between November and December 2016 showed that support for same-sex marriage was 37%, while 59% were against.<ref name="gallup">{{Cite web|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/334830787/0391-16000010-Gallup-Poll-116|title=0391-16000010_Gallup Poll #116 &#124; Cuestionario &#124; Colombia &#124; Free 30-day Trial|website=Scribd}}</ref> Support for same-sex adoption was only 22%, while 76% were against.<ref name="gallup" /> Another 2016 poll showed support for same-sex marriage at 40% and 57% opposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/317657179/0388-16000010-GALLUP-POLL-113 |title=Gallup: El matrimonio civil entre parejas homosexuales |publisher=[[Scribd]] |accessdate=11 July 2016 |language=es}}</ref>
+In October 2019, an Invamer poll showed that support for same-sex marriage had, for the first time ever in Colombia, reached 50%, with 47% opposing. As for same-sex adoption, acceptance was at 36% and opposition at 62%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/damg22/docs/051500190000_poll__134/1?ff&hideShareButton=true&pageLayout=singlePage|title=25 años de Poll|work=Invamer|language=es|page=72 and 73|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref> Previously, opinion surveys had found that a minority of Colombians supported same-sex marriage. A poll conducted between November and December 2016 showed that support for same-sex marriage was 37%, while 59% were against.<ref name="gallup">{{Cite web|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/334830787/0391-16000010-Gallup-Poll-116|title=0391-16000010_Gallup Poll #116 &#124; Cuestionario &#124; Colombia &#124; Free 30-day Trial|website=Scribd}}</ref> Support for same-sex adoption was only 22%, while 76% were against.<ref name="gallup" /> Another 2016 poll showed support for same-sex marriage at 40% and 57% opposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/317657179/0388-16000010-GALLUP-POLL-113 |title=Gallup: El matrimonio civil entre parejas homosexuales |publisher=[[Scribd]] |access-date=11 July 2016 |language=es}}</ref>
 In May 2015, [[PlanetRomeo]], an LGBT social network, published its first Gay Happiness Index (GHI). Gay men from over 120 countries were asked about how they feel about society’s view on homosexuality, how do they experience the way they are treated by other people and how satisfied are they with their lives. Colombia was ranked 38th with a GHI score of 51.<ref>[https://www.planetromeo.com/en/lgbt/gay-happiness-index/ The Gay Happiness Index. The very first worldwide country ranking, based on the input of 115,000 gay men] Planet Romeo</ref>
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 In October 2019, [[Claudia López Hernández]] became the first openly gay person to serve as mayor of [[Bogotá]], in an election labelled by the National Civil Registry as "the most peaceful in recent history".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecitypaperbogota.com/news/claudia-lopez-elected-mayor-of-bogota-and-first-woman-to-govern-colombias-capital/23027|title=Claudia López elected Mayor of Bogotá and first women to govern capital|work=The City Paper Bogotá|date=27 October 2019|last=Emblin|first=Richard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191028-colombia-s-capital-bogota-elects-first-female-mayor|title=Colombia's capital Bogota elects first fenale mayor|work=France 24|date=28 October 2019}}</ref> Lopez married Senator [[Angélica Lozano Correa]] in December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/braga/2019/12/17/bogota-senadora-y-alcaldesa-son-las-primeras-parlamentarias-en-casarse-tras-la-legalizacion-del-matrimonio-homosexual-en-colombia/|title=Bogotá: senadora y alcaldesa son las primeras mujeres del mundo político en casarse tras la legalización del matrimonio homosexual en Colombia|work=El Mostrador|date=17 December 2019|language=es}}</ref> In addition, two openly LGBT people were elected to [[Congress of Colombia|Congress]]: Andrés Cancimance represting [[Putumayo Department|Putumayo]] and Oriana Zambrano representing [[La Guajira Department|La Guajira]]. Several candidates were also elected as local council members in [[Cali]], [[Medellín]], [[San Rafael, Antioquia|San Rafael]], [[Pereira, Colombia|Pereira]] and more.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/nacional/colombia-tiene-su-primera-alcaldesa-lesbiana-la-mirada-lgbt-las-elecciones-regionales-articulo-888223|title=Colombia tiene su primera alcaldesa lesbiana: la mirada LGBT a las elecciones regionales|work=El Espectador|date=27 October 2019|language=es}}</ref>
-Several festivals and events cater to the LGBT community. These include [[pride parade]]s in [[Bogotá]], [[Medellín]], [[Cali]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Bucaramanga]], [[Cúcuta]] and [[Sincelejo]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/marchas-por-el-orgullo-gay-en-colombia-381916|title=Así serán las marchas del orgullo LGBTI en las ciudades de Colombia|website=El Tiempo|date=28 June 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref> Other events are the Rumours Festival in [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], a music festival held in June, and Bogotá's Halloween Fiesta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulzo.com/entretenimiento/halloween-fest-bogota-traera-actor-porno-francois-sagat-PP792290|title=El festival de Halloween LGBT que dura 6 días en Bogotá|website=pulzo|date=29 October 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref> [[Barranquilla's Carnival]], one of the biggest carnivals in the world, includes a gay parade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.viahero.com/travel-to-colombia/gay-colombia|title=LGBTQ+ in Colombia? Here's What to Know|website=viahero.com|date=18 October 2018}}</ref> Various other outlets catering to the LGBT community have been established over the years, including the emergence of new public-facing online publications like [http://www.outincolombia.com OutinColombia.com] and [http://egocitymgz.com/ egoCity Magazine].
+Several festivals and events cater to the LGBT community. These include [[pride parade]]s in [[Bogotá]], [[Medellín]], [[Cali]], [[Barranquilla]], [[Bucaramanga]], [[Cúcuta]] and [[Sincelejo]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/marchas-por-el-orgullo-gay-en-colombia-381916|title=Así serán las marchas del orgullo LGBTI en las ciudades de Colombia|website=El Tiempo|date=28 June 2019|language=es}}</ref> Other events are the Rumours Festival in [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], a music festival held in June, and Bogotá's Halloween Fiesta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pulzo.com/entretenimiento/halloween-fest-bogota-traera-actor-porno-francois-sagat-PP792290|title=El festival de Halloween LGBT que dura 6 días en Bogotá|website=pulzo|date=29 October 2019|language=es}}</ref> [[Barranquilla's Carnival]], one of the biggest carnivals in the world, includes a gay parade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.viahero.com/travel-to-colombia/gay-colombia|title=LGBTQ+ in Colombia? Here's What to Know|website=viahero.com|date=18 October 2018}}</ref> Various other outlets catering to the LGBT community have been established over the years, including the emergence of new public-facing online publications like [http://www.outincolombia.com OutinColombia.com] and [http://egocitymgz.com/ egoCity Magazine].
 ==Summary table==

v t e LGBT rights in South America
Sovereign states	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela
Dependencies and other territories	Falkland Islands French Guiana South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands