St Katharine Cree: Difference between revisions
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The parish served by the church existed by 1108, when it was served by the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate]], also called Christ Church, which was founded by [[Matilda of Scotland|Maud]], queen at the time of [[Henry I of England|King Henry I]]. The parishioners used the priory church but this proved unsatisfactory and disruptive to the priory's activities. |
The parish served by the church existed by 1108, when it was served by the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate]], also called Christ Church, which was founded by [[Matilda of Scotland|Maud]], queen at the time of [[Henry I of England|King Henry I]]. The parishioners used the priory church but this proved unsatisfactory and disruptive to the priory's activities. |
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The [[prior]] partly resolved the problem in 1280<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hibbert |editor1-first=C |editor2-last=Weinreb |editor2-first=D |editor3-last=Keay |editor3-first=J | |
The [[prior]] partly resolved the problem in 1280<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hibbert |editor1-first=C |editor2-last=Weinreb |editor2-first=D |editor3-last=Keay |editor3-first=J |orig-year=1983 |year=2008 |title=The London Encyclopaedia |place=London |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5}}</ref> by founding St Katharine Cree as a separate church for the parishioners. The site of the present church was originally in the priory's churchyard and it is possible that the church began as a cemetery chapel. It took its name from the priory, "Cree" being abstracted from forms like ''Crichurch'', which were abbreviations of "Christ Church" (H. A. Harben, ''A Dictionary of London'' (1918)). It was initially served by a [[canon (priest)|canon]] appointed by the prior but this did not prove satisfactory either, so in 1414 the church was established as a parish church in its own right. The present tower was added about 1504. |
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Describing the building at the end of the 16th century, [[John Stow]] wrote |
Describing the building at the end of the 16th century, [[John Stow]] wrote |
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The present church was built in 1628–30,<ref name=daniell/> retaining the Tudor tower of its predecessor. It is larger than the previous church, incorporating a piece of ground previously occupied by a cloister on the north side, and the floor level is considerably higher. The rebuilt church was consecrated by [[William Laud]],<ref>"The City Churches" Tabor, M. p39:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917</ref> [[Bishop of London]] on 31 January 1631.<ref name=daniell/> His vestments and the form of service that he used for the consecration were later held against him in his trial and conviction for [[heresy]], when [[Puritan]]s accused him of having displayed [[Catholic]] sympathies through his "bowings and cringings." He is commemorated by a chapel in the church. |
The present church was built in 1628–30,<ref name=daniell/> retaining the Tudor tower of its predecessor. It is larger than the previous church, incorporating a piece of ground previously occupied by a cloister on the north side, and the floor level is considerably higher. The rebuilt church was consecrated by [[William Laud]],<ref>"The City Churches" Tabor, M. p39:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917</ref> [[Bishop of London]] on 31 January 1631.<ref name=daniell/> His vestments and the form of service that he used for the consecration were later held against him in his trial and conviction for [[heresy]], when [[Puritan]]s accused him of having displayed [[Catholic]] sympathies through his "bowings and cringings." He is commemorated by a chapel in the church. |
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The church escaped the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666<ref>{{cite book |last=Pepys |first=Samuel | |
The church escaped the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666<ref>{{cite book |last=Pepys |first=Samuel |author-link=Samuel Pepys |editor-last=Latham |editor-first=R |year=1985 |title=The Shorter Pepys |place=Harmondsworth |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=0-14-009418-0 |page=484 }}</ref> and suffered only minor damage in the [[London Blitz]] of the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cobb |first=G |year=1942 |title=The Old Churches of London |place=London |publisher=Batsford }}{{page needed|date=January 2015}}</ref> However, structural problems required extensive restoration in 1962. It is now one of the City's Guild churches. |
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St Katharine Cree is a significant church of the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period, a time when few new churches were built. It is the only Jacobean church to have survived in London. The identity of its architect is unknown. It has a high [[nave]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=T |year=2006 |title=The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches |place=London |publisher=Friends of the City Churches |isbn=0-9553945-0-3 |
St Katharine Cree is a significant church of the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] period, a time when few new churches were built. It is the only Jacobean church to have survived in London. The identity of its architect is unknown. It has a high [[nave]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=T |year=2006 |title=The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches |place=London |publisher=Friends of the City Churches |isbn=0-9553945-0-3 }}{{page needed|date=January 2015}}</ref> linked with the narrow [[Aisle#Church architecture|aisles]] by [[Arcade (architecture)|arcades]] supported on [[Corinthian order|Corinthian columns]].<ref name=daniell/> The church is {{convert|31|yd}} long and {{convert|17|yd}} wide; the height to the ceiling of the nave is {{convert|37|ft}}.<ref name=daniell/> |
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[[File:St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall Street, London EC3 - Rose window - geograph.org.uk - 1078641.jpg|thumb|17th century [[rose window]]]] |
[[File:St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall Street, London EC3 - Rose window - geograph.org.uk - 1078641.jpg|thumb|17th century [[rose window]]]] |
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The church is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed building]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1064627 |desc=Church of St Katherine Cree |grade=I |accessdate=21 January 2015}}</ref> |
The church is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed building]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1064627 |desc=Church of St Katherine Cree |grade=I |accessdate=21 January 2015}}</ref> |
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By the south wall of St Katharine's is a memorial to ''[[HMT Lancastria]]'', a troopship lost at sea during the [[Second World War]] in 1940. It includes a model of the ship and the ship's bell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themanchesters.org/forum/index.php?topic=6271.0;wap2|title=HMT Lancastria 17 June 1940 and Operation Aerial|publisher=The Manchesters| |
By the south wall of St Katharine's is a memorial to ''[[HMT Lancastria]]'', a troopship lost at sea during the [[Second World War]] in 1940. It includes a model of the ship and the ship's bell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themanchesters.org/forum/index.php?topic=6271.0;wap2|title=HMT Lancastria 17 June 1940 and Operation Aerial|publisher=The Manchesters|access-date=19 October 2015}}</ref> |
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St Katharine's has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of six bells. Lester and Pack of the [[Whitechapel Bell Foundry]] cast five of them including the treble bell in 1754. Thomas II Mears of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1842. The church clock has a bell, also cast by Lester and Pack in 1754.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=London&numPerPage=50&Submit=Go&searchAmount=%3D&searchMetric=cwt&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&page=3&DoveID=LONDON17LE |title=London, Leadenhall Street S Katharine Cree |last=Baldwin |first=John |date=8 April 2010 |work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] |publisher=[[Central Council for Church Bell Ringers]] | |
St Katharine's has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of six bells. Lester and Pack of the [[Whitechapel Bell Foundry]] cast five of them including the treble bell in 1754. Thomas II Mears of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1842. The church clock has a bell, also cast by Lester and Pack in 1754.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=London&numPerPage=50&Submit=Go&searchAmount=%3D&searchMetric=cwt&sortBy=Place&sortDir=Asc&page=3&DoveID=LONDON17LE |title=London, Leadenhall Street S Katharine Cree |last=Baldwin |first=John |date=8 April 2010 |work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]] |publisher=[[Central Council for Church Bell Ringers]] |access-date=21 January 2015}}</ref> In the summer of 2007 they were rung for the first time since 1880. An appeal to raise £60,000 to restore the bells to full ringing order was launched in November 2007, and he project was completed in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://london.lovesguide.com/katharine_cree.htm |title=St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall St |work=Love's Guide to the Church Bells of the City of London }}</ref> It is the only tower in the City where the bells are rung from a ground floor ringing chamber. |
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Today St Katharine's is a guild church and has no parish, but chose some years ago to dedicate its ministry to the worlds of finance, commerce and industry. |
Today St Katharine's is a guild church and has no parish, but chose some years ago to dedicate its ministry to the worlds of finance, commerce and industry. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{cite news|last1=Alberge|first1=Dalya|title=London church to be reunited with stolen 16th-century carving|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/dec/21/city-london-st-katharine-cree-church-reunited-stolen-16th-century-carving| |
* {{cite news|last1=Alberge|first1=Dalya|title=London church to be reunited with stolen 16th-century carving|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/dec/21/city-london-st-katharine-cree-church-reunited-stolen-16th-century-carving|access-date=2 January 2017|work=The Guardian|date=21 December 2016}} |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category}} |
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{{Churches in the City of London}} |
{{Churches in the City of London}} |
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Revision as of 05:22, 16 December 2020
| St Katharine Cree | |
|---|---|
 View from the southwest, showing the 16th century tower | |
 | |
| OS grid reference | TQ33398114 |
| Location | London, EC3 |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Previous denomination | Roman Catholicism |
| Website | www.stkatharinecree.com |
| History | |
| Dedicated | 31 January 1631 |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade I listed building |
| Style | Jacobean |
| Years built | 1628–30 |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | London |
St Katharine Cree is an Anglican church in the Aldgate ward of the City of London, on the north side of Leadenhall Street near Leadenhall Market. It was founded in 1280. The present building dates from 1628–30. Formerly a parish church, it is now a guild church.
History
Former building
The parish served by the church existed by 1108, when it was served by the Augustinian Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate, also called Christ Church, which was founded by Maud, queen at the time of King Henry I. The parishioners used the priory church but this proved unsatisfactory and disruptive to the priory's activities.
The prior partly resolved the problem in 1280[1] by founding St Katharine Cree as a separate church for the parishioners. The site of the present church was originally in the priory's churchyard and it is possible that the church began as a cemetery chapel. It took its name from the priory, "Cree" being abstracted from forms like Crichurch, which were abbreviations of "Christ Church" (H. A. Harben, A Dictionary of London (1918)). It was initially served by a canon appointed by the prior but this did not prove satisfactory either, so in 1414 the church was established as a parish church in its own right. The present tower was added about 1504.
Describing the building at the end of the 16th century, John Stow wrote
"this church seemeth to be very old; since the building whereof the high street hath been so often raised by pavements that now men are fain to descend into the said church by divers steps, seven in number."[2]
Current building
The present church was built in 1628–30,[2] retaining the Tudor tower of its predecessor. It is larger than the previous church, incorporating a piece of ground previously occupied by a cloister on the north side, and the floor level is considerably higher. The rebuilt church was consecrated by William Laud,[3] Bishop of London on 31 January 1631.[2] His vestments and the form of service that he used for the consecration were later held against him in his trial and conviction for heresy, when Puritans accused him of having displayed Catholic sympathies through his "bowings and cringings." He is commemorated by a chapel in the church.
The church escaped the Great Fire of London in 1666[4] and suffered only minor damage in the London Blitz of the Second World War.[5] However, structural problems required extensive restoration in 1962. It is now one of the City's Guild churches.
St Katharine Cree is a significant church of the Jacobean period, a time when few new churches were built. It is the only Jacobean church to have survived in London. The identity of its architect is unknown. It has a high nave,[6] linked with the narrow aisles by arcades supported on Corinthian columns.[2] The church is 31 yards (28 m) long and 17 yards (16 m) wide; the height to the ceiling of the nave is 37 feet (11 m).[2]
The chancel has a rose window, reputedly modelled on the much larger one in Old St Paul's Cathedral (destroyed in the Great Fire). The window and its stained glass are original, dating from 1630. The baptismal font dates from around 1640. The vaulted ceiling bears bosses of the arms of 17 of the City's livery companies; From the East end the Bosses are:
North Aisle – Mercers, Drapers, Skinners, Salters, Dyers and Pewterers
Naïve – The City of London, Fishmongers, Merchant Taylors, Ironmongers, Clothworkers and Leathersellers; and
South Aisle – Grocers, Goldsmiths, Haberdashers, Vinters and Brewers This dates mostly from the restoration of 1972 and tradition says that these Companies used St Katharine Cree for a time after the Great Fire of London of 1666, whilst their own Guild Churches were being rebuilt. The church is a Grade I listed building.[7]
By the south wall of St Katharine's is a memorial to HMT Lancastria, a troopship lost at sea during the Second World War in 1940. It includes a model of the ship and the ship's bell.[8]
St Katharine's has a ring of six bells. Lester and Pack of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast five of them including the treble bell in 1754. Thomas II Mears of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the tenor bell in 1842. The church clock has a bell, also cast by Lester and Pack in 1754.[9] In the summer of 2007 they were rung for the first time since 1880. An appeal to raise £60,000 to restore the bells to full ringing order was launched in November 2007, and he project was completed in 2009.[10] It is the only tower in the City where the bells are rung from a ground floor ringing chamber.
Today St Katharine's is a guild church and has no parish, but chose some years ago to dedicate its ministry to the worlds of finance, commerce and industry.
Notable people associated with the church
- Stephen Charnock (1628–80), Puritan Presbyterian clergyman and theologian, was born in the parish.
- Hans Holbein the Younger's grave (died 1543) has been claimed by both St Andrew Undershaft church and by St Katharine Cree. St Katharine Cree's claim is stronger because the nearby abbey had been recently destroyed, while St Andrew Undershaft's graveyard was already full.
- Both Henry Purcell and George Frideric Handel played the organ at the church.
- Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (died 1571) is buried in the church.
See also
- Lion sermon
- List of buildings that survived the Great Fire of London
- List of churches and cathedrals of London
References
- ^ Hibbert, C; Weinreb, D; Keay, J, eds. (2008) [1983]. The London Encyclopaedia. London: Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
- ^ a b c d e Daniell, AE (1896). London City Churches. London: Constable. pp. 94–98.
- ^ "The City Churches" Tabor, M. p39:London; The Swarthmore Press Ltd; 1917
- ^ Pepys, Samuel (1985). Latham, R (ed.). The Shorter Pepys. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 484. ISBN 0-14-009418-0.
- ^ Cobb, G (1942). The Old Churches of London. London: Batsford.[page needed]
- ^ Tucker, T (2006). The Visitors Guide to the City of London Churches. London: Friends of the City Churches. ISBN 0-9553945-0-3.[page needed]
- ^ Historic England. "Church of St Katherine Cree (Grade I) (1064627)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ "HMT Lancastria 17 June 1940 and Operation Aerial". The Manchesters. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ^ Baldwin, John (8 April 2010). "London, Leadenhall Street S Katharine Cree". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ "St Katharine Cree, Leadenhall St". Love's Guide to the Church Bells of the City of London.
External links
- Alberge, Dalya (21 December 2016). "London church to be reunited with stolen 16th-century carving". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
