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==Career==
==Career==
Since 1980 he focussed on human immunology, first at the [[University of Genoa]], at the [[Basel Institute for Immunology]] and, from 1999 to 2019 at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Bellinzona, of which he is the founding Director. He has been teaching [[Immunology]] at the [[University of Genoa]] and the [[University of Siena]] and since 2009 is professor of Human Immunology at the [[Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich]].
Since 1980 he worked as an independent scientist to develop methods to study human T and B cells in vitro, first at the [[University of Genoa]], at the [[Basel Institute for Immunology]] and, from 1999 to 2020 at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Bellinzona, of which he is the founding Director. He has been teaching [[Immunology]] at the [[University of Genoa]] and the [[University of Siena]] and from 2009 to 2017 is has been Professor of Human Immunology at the [[Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich]].


==Research==
==Research==

Revision as of 11:59, 9 December 2020

Antonio Lanzavecchia
Born (1951-10-09) October 9, 1951 (age 73)
Varese, Italy
Alma materUniversity of Pavia
Known forAntigen processing and presentation, dendritic cell biology, lymphocyte activation and traffic and immunological memory human immunology and discoveries involving innate and adaptive immunity.
Awards
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (2018)

EMBO Gold Medal (1988)
Cloëtta Award Zurich (1999)
Cavaliere della Repubblica (2001)

Scientific career
FieldsImmunology and cell biology
InstitutionsIstituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi” Milan
Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Bellinzona
Professor, D-BIOL, ETH-Zurich
WebsiteINGM

Antonio Lanzavecchia (born in Varese October 9, 1951) is an Italian immunologist. He was a fellow of Collegio Borromeo and obtained his degree with honors in Medicine in 1976 from the University of Pavia where he specialized in Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases. He is Head Human Immunology Program, Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare-INGM, Milano and SVP Senior research Fellow, Humabs/Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona and San Francisco (USA).

Career

Since 1980 he worked as an independent scientist to develop methods to study human T and B cells in vitro, first at the University of Genoa, at the Basel Institute for Immunology and, from 1999 to 2020 at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Bellinzona, of which he is the founding Director. He has been teaching Immunology at the University of Genoa and the University of Siena and from 2009 to 2017 is has been Professor of Human Immunology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.

Research

Starting in the early Eighties, Lanzavecchia has contributed to the advancement of human immunology in three distinct fields: i) antigen presentation and dendritic cell biology; ii) lymphocyte activation and immunological memory and iii) human monoclonal antibodies. In 1985, using antigen-specific T and B cell clones, Lanzavecchia demonstrated that B cells efficiently capture, process and present antigen to T helper cells ([1]). This study uncovered a critical step in the process of T-B cell cooperation that is essential for high affinity antibody production and is the basis for the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. He also studied the role of HLA class II molecules as receptors for self, versus foreign peptides ([2],[3]) and the role of inflammatory stimuli in promoting antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells ([4]). In 1994 Sallusto and Lanzavecchia discovered that human monocytes could be induced to differentiate in vitro into immature dendritic cells that resemble those that function as sentinels in peripheral tissues ([5]), contributing to the rapid advancement of the field in the late nineties. Taking advantage of such immature dendritic cells, they characterized in detail the maturation process and identified the microbial and endogenous stimuli that trigger dendritic cell maturation ([6],[7]). In the late Nineties the Lanzavecchia laboratory determined the mechanism, stoichiometry and kinetics of T cell receptor stimulation and signaling ([8],[9],[10]) and discovered a fundamental division of memory T cells into two major subsets of central memory and effector memory T cells, which play distinct roles in secondary immune responses ([11]). Starting in 2003, the laboratory developed efficient methods to isolate human monoclonal antibodies as new tools for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases ([12]). Among these is FI6 that neutralizes all influenza A viruses ([13]), MPE8 that neutralizes four different paramyxoviruses ([14]) and mab114 (Ansuvimab) that has been approved for treatment of Ebola infected patients ([15]). The laboratory also pioneered the use of human monoclonal antibodies as tools for vaccine design, a process dubbed as “analytic vaccinology” ([16],[17]). Basic studies addressed the role of somatic mutations in the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies ([18]) and the relationship between infection and autoimmunity ([19]). The study of the antibody response to the malaria parasite led to the discovery of a new mechanism of antibody diversification through the insertion into antibody genes of DNA encoding pathogen receptors such as LAIR1 ([20],[21]).

Awards

  • EMBO gold medal, 1988
  • Cloëtta Prize, 1999
  • Cavaliere della Repubblica, 2001
  • Premio Ercole Pisello, 2014
  • Robert Koch Award, 2017
  • Sanofi-Institut Pasteur Award, 2017
  • Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine, 2018
  • ERC-AdG grants: IMMUNExplore 2010-15, BROADimmune 2015-20, ENGRAB 2020-2025

Honors

Editorial activities

Selected Patents

  • Monoclonal antibody production by EBV transformation of B cells (WO2004076677)
  • Human cytomegalovirus neutralizing antibodies and use thereof (WO2008084410)
  • Neutralizing anti-influenza virus antibodies and uses thereof (WO2010010467)
  • Methods for producing antibodies from plasma cells (WO2010046775)

Selected Publications

Lanzavecchia has a total of 355 publications in peer reviewed scientific journals, with a total of over 108,200 citations (h-index=146). A complete list can be found on Google Scholar.[22]

  1. ^ Lanzavecchia, A. (1985). "Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells". Nature. 314: 537–539. doi:10.1038/314537a0. PMID 3157869.
  2. ^ Lanzavecchia, A.; Reid, P.A.; Watts, C. (1985). "Irreversible association of peptides with class II MHC molecules in living cells". Nature. 357: 249–252. doi:10.1038/357249a0. PMID 1375347.
  3. ^ Panina-Bordignon, P.; Corradin, G.; Roosnek, E.; Sette, A.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1991). "Recognition by class II alloreactive T cells of processed determinants from human serum proteins". Science. 252: 1548–1550. doi:10.1126/science.1710827. PMID 1710827.
  4. ^ Cella, M.; Engering, A.; Pinet, V.; Pieters, J.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1997). "Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells". Nature. 388: 782–787. doi:10.1038/42030. PMID 9285591.
  5. ^ Sallusto, F.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1994). "Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus iuterleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor α.". J. Exp. Med. 179: 1109–1118. doi:10.1084/jem.179.4.1109. PMID 8145033.
  6. ^ Sallusto, F.; Cella, M.; Danieli, C.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1995). "Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: Downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products". J. Exp. Med. 182: 389–400. doi:10.1084/jem.182.2.389. PMID 7629501.
  7. ^ Napolitani, G.; Rinaldi, A.; Bertoni, F.; Sallusto, F.; Lanzavecchia, A. (2005). "Selected Toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1 -polarizing program in dendritic cells". J Nat. Immunol. 6: 769–776. doi:10.1038/ni1223. PMID 15995707.
  8. ^ Valitutti, S.; Miller, S.; Cella, M.; Padovan, E.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1995). "Serial triggering of many T-cell receptors by a few peptide-MHC complexes". Nature. 375: 148–151. doi:10.1038/375148a0. PMID 7753171.
  9. ^ Viola, A.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1996). "T cell activation determined by T cell receptor number and tunable thresholds". Science. 273: 104–106. doi:10.1126/science.273.5271.104. PMID 8658175.
  10. ^ Viola, A.; Schroeder, S.; Sakakibara, S.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1999). "T lymphocyte costimulation mediated by reorganization of membrane microdomains". Science. 283: 680–682. doi:10.1126/science.283.5402.680. PMID 9924026.
  11. ^ Sallusto, F.; Lenig, D.; Förster, R.; Lipp, M.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1999). "Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions". Nature. 401: 708–712. doi:10.1038/44385. PMID 10537110.
  12. ^ Traggiai, E.; et al. (2004). "An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: Potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus". Nat. Med. 10: 871–875. doi:10.1038/nm1080. PMID 15247913.
  13. ^ Corti, D.; et al. (2011). "A neutralizing antibody selected from plasma cells that binds to group 1 and group 2 influenza A hemagglutinins". Science. 333: 850–856. doi:10.1126/science.1205669. PMID 21798894.
  14. ^ Corti, D.; et al. (2013). "Cross-neutralization of four paramyxoviruses by a human monoclonal antibody". Nature. 501: 439–443. doi:10.1038/nature12442. PMID 23955151.
  15. ^ Corti, D.; et al. (2016). "Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody". Science. 351: 1339–1342. doi:10.1126/science.aad5224. PMID 26917593.
  16. ^ Kabanova, A.; et al. (2014). "Antibody-driven design of a human cytomegalovirus gHgLpUL128L subunit vaccine that selectively elicits potent neutralizing antibodies". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111: 17965–17970. doi:10.1073/pnas.1415310111. PMID 25453106.
  17. ^ Tan, J.; et al. (2018). "A public antibody lineage that potently inhibits malaria infection through dual binding to the circumsporozoite protein". Nat. Med. 24: 401–407. doi:10.1038/nm.4513. PMID 29554084.
  18. ^ Pappas, L.; et al. (2014). "Rapid development of broadly influenza neutralizing antibodies through redundant mutations". Nature. 516: 418–422. doi:10.1038/nature13764. PMID 25296253.
  19. ^ Di Zenzo, G.; et al. (2012). "Pemphigus autoantibodies generated through somatic mutations target the desmoglein-3 cis-interface". J. Clin. Invest. 122: 3781–3790. doi:10.1172/JCI64413. PMID 22996451.
  20. ^ Tan, J.; et al. (2016). "A LAIR1 insertion generates broadly reactive antibodies against malaria variant antigens". Nature. 529: 105–109. doi:10.1038/nature16450. PMID 26700814.
  21. ^ Pieper, K.; et al. (2017). "Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities". Nature. 548: 597–601. doi:10.1038/nature23670. PMID 28847005.
  22. ^ Antonio Lanzavecchia publications indexed by Google Scholar
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