Graneros Shale: Difference between revisions
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| underlies = [[Greenhorn Formation]] |
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| overlies = [[Dakota Formation]] |
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The '''Graneros Shale''' is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in the western United States, east of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref>''Siliciclastic and calcareous sedimentary rocks of early Late Cretaceous age in the Western Interior of the United States have been assigned to, in ascending order, the Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Formation, Carlile Shale, Niobrara Formation, and their lateral equivalents (including members of the Frontier Formation and overlying formations).'' {{Cite journal|last1=Merewether |first1=E. Allen |first2=William A. |last2=Cobban |first3=John D. |last3=Obradovich |year=2007 |title=Regional disconformities in Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) strata in Colorado, Wyoming, and adjoining states - Biochronological evidence |journal=Rocky Mountain Geology |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=95–122 |url=https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030991 |doi=10.2113/gsrocky.42.2.95 |
The '''Graneros Shale''' is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in the western United States, east of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref>''Siliciclastic and calcareous sedimentary rocks of early Late Cretaceous age in the Western Interior of the United States have been assigned to, in ascending order, the Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Formation, Carlile Shale, Niobrara Formation, and their lateral equivalents (including members of the Frontier Formation and overlying formations).'' {{Cite journal|last1=Merewether |first1=E. Allen |first2=William A. |last2=Cobban |first3=John D. |last3=Obradovich |year=2007 |title=Regional disconformities in Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) strata in Colorado, Wyoming, and adjoining states - Biochronological evidence |journal=Rocky Mountain Geology |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=95–122 |url=https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70030991 |doi=10.2113/gsrocky.42.2.95 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Geologic Unit: Graneros |work=National Geologic Map Database: Geolex |publisher=United States Geologic Survey |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Graneros_8448.html }}</ref> It preserves [[fossils]] dating back to the [[Cretaceous]] [[Period (geology)|period]].<ref>{{cite |
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Geologic Unit: Graneros |work=National Geologic Map Database: Geolex |publisher=United States Geologic Survey |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Graneros_8448.html }}</ref> It preserves [[fossils]] dating back to the [[Cenomanian]] [[Age (geology)|Age]] of the [[Cretaceous]] [[Period (geology)|period]].<ref name="cobban-scott-1972">{{cite journal |last1=Cobban |first1=W.A. |last2=Scott |first2=G.R. |year=1972 |title=Stratigraphy and ammonite fauna of the Graneros Shale and Greenhorn Limestone near Pueblo, Colorado |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper |volume=645 |url=http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/pp/pp645 |accessdate=3 September 2020}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The Carlisle Shale is primarily dark gray [[shale]] with minor [[sandstone]] and [[limestone]]. It rests on the [[Dakota Group]] and is in turn overlain by the [[Greenhorn Limestone]].<ref name="gilbert-1896">{{cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=G.K. |author1-link=Grove Karl Gilbert |year=1896 |title=The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report |volume=17 |number=2 |pages=551-601 |url=http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ar/ar17_2 |accessdate=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="ziegler-etal-2019">{{cite journal |last1=Ziegler |first1=Kate E. |last2=Ramos |first2=Frank C. |last3=Zimmerer |first3=Matthew J. |title=Geology of Northeastern New Mexico, union and Colfax Counties, New Mexico: A Geologic Summary |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series |date=2019 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=47-54 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/70/70_p0047_p0054.pdf |accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref> The thickness varies from {{convert|114-1000|feet|meters}}.<ref name="cobban-scott-1972" |
The Carlisle Shale is primarily dark gray [[shale]] with minor [[sandstone]] and [[limestone]]. It rests on the [[Dakota Group]] and is in turn overlain by the [[Greenhorn Limestone]].<ref name="gilbert-1896">{{cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=G.K. |author1-link=Grove Karl Gilbert |year=1896 |title=The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report |volume=17 |number=2 |pages=551-601 |url=http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ar/ar17_2 |accessdate=3 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="ziegler-etal-2019">{{cite journal |last1=Ziegler |first1=Kate E. |last2=Ramos |first2=Frank C. |last3=Zimmerer |first3=Matthew J. |title=Geology of Northeastern New Mexico, union and Colfax Counties, New Mexico: A Geologic Summary |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series |date=2019 |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=47-54 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/70/70_p0047_p0054.pdf |accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref> The thickness varies from {{convert|114-1000|feet|meters}}.<ref name="cobban-scott-1972"/><ref name="cobban-1922">{{cite journal |last1=Collier |first1=A.J. |year=1922 |title=The Osage oil field, Weston County, Wyoming |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin |volume=736-D |pages=71-110}}</ref> |
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The northern part of the formation has been divided into (in ascending stratigraphic order) the Skull Creek shale, the Newcastle sandstone, the Nefsy shale, the Mowry shale, and the Belle Fourche shale.<ref name="cobban-1922"/> The southern part is divided into (in ascending stratighraphic order) a lower barren member, the Thatcher Limestone Member, an upper fossiliferous member, a marker bentonite bed, and an ''[[Ostrea]] beloiti'' bed.<ref name="cobban-scott-1972"/> |
The northern part of the formation has been divided into (in ascending stratigraphic order) the Skull Creek shale, the Newcastle sandstone, the Nefsy shale, the Mowry shale, and the Belle Fourche shale.<ref name="cobban-1922"/> The southern part is divided into (in ascending stratighraphic order) a lower barren member, the Thatcher Limestone Member, an upper fossiliferous member, a marker bentonite bed, and an ''[[Ostrea]] beloiti'' bed. Ammonites from the Thatcher Limestone Member are indicative of [[Cenomanian]] age.<ref name="cobban-scott-1972"/> |
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==History of investigation== |
==History of investigation== |
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Revision as of 21:55, 3 September 2020
| Graneros Shale | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian | |
 Graneros Shale at outlet of El Vado Reservoir, New Mexico, USA | |
| Type | Formation |
| Sub-units | See text |
| Underlies | Greenhorn Formation |
| Overlies | Dakota Formation |
| Thickness | 114–1,000 feet (35–305 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale |
| Other | Sandstone, limestone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 38°16′35″N 104°42′44″W / 38.2763°N 104.7121°W |
| Region | CO,IA,KS,MN,MT,NM,NE,ND,OK,SD,WY |
| Country |  United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Graneros Creek, Walsenburg quadrangle, Pueblo Colorado |
| Named by | R.C.Hills |
| Year defined | 1896 |
  Graneros Shale (the United States)  Graneros Shale (Colorado) | |
The Graneros Shale is a geologic formation in the western United States, east of the Rocky Mountains.[1][2] It preserves fossils dating back to the Cenomanian Age of the Cretaceous period.[3]
Description
The Carlisle Shale is primarily dark gray shale with minor sandstone and limestone. It rests on the Dakota Group and is in turn overlain by the Greenhorn Limestone.[4][5] The thickness varies from 114–1,000 feet (35–305 m).[3][6]
The northern part of the formation has been divided into (in ascending stratigraphic order) the Skull Creek shale, the Newcastle sandstone, the Nefsy shale, the Mowry shale, and the Belle Fourche shale.[6] The southern part is divided into (in ascending stratighraphic order) a lower barren member, the Thatcher Limestone Member, an upper fossiliferous member, a marker bentonite bed, and an Ostrea beloiti bed. Ammonites from the Thatcher Limestone Member are indicative of Cenomanian age.[3]
History of investigation
The unit was first named by R.C. Hills in 1896 for exposures in eastern Colorado.[4] By 1938 it had been mapped into eastern Wyoming, southeastern Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and northeastern New Mexico. [7]
See also
References
- ^ Siliciclastic and calcareous sedimentary rocks of early Late Cretaceous age in the Western Interior of the United States have been assigned to, in ascending order, the Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Formation, Carlile Shale, Niobrara Formation, and their lateral equivalents (including members of the Frontier Formation and overlying formations). Merewether, E. Allen; Cobban, William A.; Obradovich, John D. (2007). "Regional disconformities in Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) strata in Colorado, Wyoming, and adjoining states - Biochronological evidence". Rocky Mountain Geology. 42 (2): 95–122. doi:10.2113/gsrocky.42.2.95.
- ^ "Geologic Unit: Graneros". National Geologic Map Database: Geolex. United States Geologic Survey.
- ^ a b c Cobban, W.A.; Scott, G.R. (1972). "Stratigraphy and ammonite fauna of the Graneros Shale and Greenhorn Limestone near Pueblo, Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 645. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
- ^ a b Gilbert, G.K. (1896). "The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report. 17 (2): 551–601. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
- ^ Ziegler, Kate E.; Ramos, Frank C.; Zimmerer, Matthew J. (2019). "Geology of Northeastern New Mexico, union and Colfax Counties, New Mexico: A Geologic Summary" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 70 (4): 47–54. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ a b Collier, A.J. (1922). "The Osage oil field, Weston County, Wyoming". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 736-D: 71–110.
- ^ Wilmarth, M.G. (1938). "Lexicon of geologic names of the United States (including Alaska)". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 896 (1–2). Retrieved 3 September 2020.
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