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{{Infobox religious building|name=Miqat Qarn al-Manazil<br/>Miqat Yalamlam<br/>Miqat Dhat 'Irq<br/>Miqat al-Juhfah<br/>Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah|native_name=ميقات قرن المنازل<br/>ميقات يلملم<br/>ميقات ذات عرق<br/>ميقات الجحفة<br/>ميقات ذو الحليفة|native_name_lang=ar|religious_affiliation=[[Islam]]|image={{Photomontage
[[File:Abiar Ali.jpg|250px|thumb|Miqat of the people of [[Medina]], named [[Masjid-u-Shajarah|''Abyar 'Ali'' or ''Dhul-Hulayfah'']]]]
|photo1a=Qarnu 'l-Manāzil.jpg
|photo1b=Miqat Yalamlam.jpg
|photo2a=Abiar Ali.jpg
|photo2b=Mosque at Johfa.JPG
|size=350}}|caption='''Clockwise from top left''': <br/> Miqat Qarn al-Manazil, Miqat Yalamlam, Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah, Miqat al-Juhfah|rite=[[Ihram]]|province='''[[Masjid-u-Shajarah|Dhu al-Hulayfah]]''': [[Madinah Province]]<br/>
'''Others''': [[Makkah Province]]|country={{flag|Saudi Arabia}}|website=https://www.hajinformation.com/main/e101.htm}}


A '''''mīqāt'''''<ref name="Patrick1994">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |co-authors= |year=1994 |title=Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Kazi Publications Inc. USA |location=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois|IL]], the [[United States|USA]] |isbn=0-935782-70-2}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|{{large|مِيْقَات}}|lit=a stated place}}; plural ''mawāqīt'' ({{lang|ar|مَوَاقِيْت}})) is the principal boundary point of an area, within which [[Muslim]] [[pilgrim]]s on the ''[[Hajj|Ḥajj]]'' must be in the state of ''[[Ihram|Iḥrām]]'' (a state of consecration in which certain worldly activities are prohibited). These prohibited activities include clipping the nails, shaving any part of the body, having sexual relations; using perfumes, damaging plants, killing animals, covering one's head (for men) or one's face and hands (for women); getting married; or carrying weapons.<ref name=Nigosian111>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram |title=Ihram |year=2014 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=6 October 2014}}</ref>
The '''miqat'''<ref name="Patrick1994">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Thomas Patrick |author-link=Thomas Patrick Hughes |co-authors= |year=1994 |title=Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Kazi Publications Inc. USA |location=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois|IL]], the [[United States|USA]] |isbn=0-935782-70-2}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|مِيْقَات|lit=a stated place|translit=mīqāt}}) is the principal boundary at which [[Muslim]] [[pilgrim]]s intending to perform the ''[[Hajj|Ḥajj]]'' or [[Umrah]] pilgrimages must be enter the state of ''[[Ihram|iḥrām]]'' (<small>lit.</small> 'prohibition')'','' a state of consecration in which certain permitted activities are made prohibited.


⚫
There are five miqats, four defined by the final [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet]], [[Muhammad]], and one by the second [[Rashidun]] [[Rashidun Caliphate|caliph]], [[Umar|'Umar]], to fulfill the needs of those offering the pilgrimages from the newly annexed regions in Mesopotamia. The miqats are, sorted by ascending distance to Mecca, as follows:<ref name="HajjUmrahPlanner">{{Cite web |url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/miqat/ |title=Meeqath {{!}} Hajj & Umrah Planner |website=Hajjumrahplanner.com |language=en-GB |access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref>
== The stations ==
⚫
Four of the five miqats were appointed by the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic ''Nabi'']] ([[Prophet]]) [[Muhammad]]. The fifth miqat was appointed at a later date by [[Rashidun Caliphate|Caliph]] ʿ[[Umar]] for the convenience of travellers from the [[military conquests of Umar's era|newly acquired]] regions of [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]], and later also in use by [[India]] and other countries east of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. The miqats are as follows:<ref name="HajjUmrahPlanner">{{Cite web |url=http://hajjumrahplanner.com/miqat/ |title=Meeqath {{!}} Hajj & Umrah Planner |website=Hajjumrahplanner.com |language=en-GB |access-date=2017-04-10}}</ref>


== List of Miqats ==
1. [[Masjid-u-Shajarah|Dhu'l-Hulayfah]] ({{lang|ar|ذُو ٱلْحُلَيْفَة}}), which is about {{convert|9|km}} from Medinah, and {{convert|450|km}} from Mecca. Dhu'l-Hulayfah is the miqat for those who live in Madinah, and for those who approach Mecca from the direction of Medinah.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Location
!Distance from Mecca
!Defined by
!Serves pilgrims arriving from
|-
|Qarn al-Manāzil
|[[As Sayl al Kabir|as-Sayl al-Kabir]]
|{{convert|82|km||abbr=}} NE
| rowspan="2" |[[Muhammad]]
|[[Najd]]
|-
|Yalamlam
|Road 4347
near [[Ash Shafa|ash-Shafa]]
|{{convert|105|km|mi|abbr=out}} SE
|[[Yemen]]
|-
|Dhāt 'Irq
|Road 4281
near [[As Sayl al Kabir|as-Sayl al-Kabir]]
|{{convert|110|km||abbr=}} NE
|[[Umar]]
|[[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]
|-
|al-Juhfah
|[[Rabigh]]
|{{convert|179|km||abbr=}} NW
| rowspan="3" |[[Muhammad]]
|[[Ash-Sham|Shām]] ([[Syria]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Jordan]], etc.)
|-
|Dhu al-Hulayfa
|[[Masjid-u-Shajarah|Masjid ash-Shajarah]]
|{{convert|424|km||abbr=}} N
|[[Medina]]
|-
|''Masjid 'Aisha''
|[[Mecca]]
|{{convert|6|km||abbr=}} NW
|[[Mecca]]
|}
⚫
If a pilgrim intends to perform an additional 'Umrah, then ''ihram'' must be assumed outside the boundary of the [[Haram (site)|Haram area]] before re-entering Mecca to carry out the rites of 'Umrah. Many pilgrims choose to enter into the state of [[ihram]] at Masjid 'Aisha, which is the nearest and most convenient location from the ''[[Great Mosque of Mecca|Masjid al-Haram]]''. The condition to perform 'Umrah from this miqat is that you should be a resident of Mecca, and/or have entered into Mecca for more than 15 days. Transportation to get to this location is readily available near the mosque. Additional 'Umrah, if a person so intends, can also be done by assuming ''Ihram'' at any of the five main miqats.


== Scholarly opinion on entering ihram in the air ==
2. [[Rabigh|Al-Juḥfah]] ({{lang|ar|ٱلْجُحْفَة}}) – about {{convert|190|km}} to the northwest of Mecca. This is the miqat for the people who come from the direction of [[Syria (region)|Ash-Shaam]].
Islamic scholarly opinion on how to enter ''ihram'' while flying in for the Hajj or Umrah slightly differs between [[ulama]]. Most interpret the [[hadith]] in [[Sahih al-Bukhari|Sahih Bukhari]], Book 25, Hadith 14, which was narrated by [[Ibn Abbas|Ibn 'Abbas]]:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadith - Book of Hajj (Pilgrimage) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url=https://sunnah.com/bukhari/25/14|access-date=2020-08-08|website=sunnah.com}}</ref><blockquote>"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had fixed Dhul Hulaifa as the Miqat for the people of Medina; Al-Juhfa for the people of Sham; and Qarn Ul-Manazil for the people of Najd; and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen. So, these (above mentioned) are the Mawaqit for all those living at those places, and besides them for those who come through those places with the intention of performing Hajj and `Umra [<nowiki/>[[Sic|''sic'']]] and whoever lives within these places should assume Ihram from his dwelling place, and similarly the people of Mecca can assume lhram from Mecca"</blockquote>as meaning it is necessary to wear and assume ''ihram'' when leaving one's home. Others see wearing one's ''ihram'' before one's plane enters the miqat zone to be permissible too. A line drawn from the southernmost miqat at Yalamlam to the northwestern miqat at Juhfah puts [[Jeddah]] in the zone. Conventionally, pilots carrying pilgrims announce entering the miqat about 30 minutes prior, so that pilgrims can go to the [[aircraft lavatory|lavatory]] and change.<ref name="HajjUmrahPlanner" />

3. Qarn-ul-Manāzil ({{lang|ar|قَرْنُ ٱلْمَنَازِل}}) – also known as ''Mīqāt Al-Sayl'', located {{convert|85|km}} from Mecca, in a small town known as ''As-Sail Al-Kabeer'' on [[Highway 40 (Saudi Arabia)|Highway 40]]. It serves pilgrims coming from the [[Najd]]i region, which is essentially the middle of Saudi Arabia.

4. [[Yalamlam]] ({{lang|ar|يلملم}}) serves the Ḥujjaj coming from the direction of [[Yemen]]. It is a small city in the province of Makkah, situated around {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Mecca.

5. Dhāt-i ʿIrq ({{lang|ar|ذَاتِ عِرْق}}) – about {{convert|85|km}} northeast of Mecca. It serves pilgrims coming from the direction of Iraq, Iran, and other places ''en route'', and is situated in a very rural location, {{convert|58|km}} from Highway 40, the main [[Ta'if]]-[[Riyadh]] road.

If one intends to travel to Makkah for either the Hajj or ʿ[[Umrah]], then one should wear one's ''ihram'' at these miqats. The state of ihram goes beyond one's clothing, and it is considered important to enter it in a spiritual state of mind.{{cn|date=December 2019}}

== Entering by air ==
When flying to Mecca, it is necessary to wear one's ''ihram'' before one's plane enters the miqat's zone in the air. A line from the southernmost miqat at Yalamlam to the northwestern miqat at Juhfah includes [[Jeddah]] in the zone. Pilgrims either wear the garments of ''ihram'' from their airport of departure, or they don them on the plane. Pilots announce entering the miqat about 30 minutes prior, so that pilgrims can go to the [[aircraft lavatory|restroom]] and change.<ref name="HajjUmrahPlanner" />

== Al-Ḥil ==
''Al-Ḥil'' ({{lang|ar|ٱلْحِل}}) refers to the area between the boundaries of the ''[[Haram (site)|Ḥaram]]'' and those of the miqats. Al-Janun, Jeddah, Tanʿim and Khulais are among the towns, cities or places situated within the area. Before crossing the boundary of the ''Haram'', pilgrims living in or travelling through Al-Hil must enter into a state of ''ihram''. For example, a person who travels to Jeddah for a business, and intends to perform 'Umrah at a later stage, can enter into ''ihram'' in Jeddah, or before crossing the Haram's boundary. If an individual from Al-Hil has the desire to Mecca for another purpose, such as visiting relatives or friends, or performing ''[[Salah]]'' at the ''Haram'', then ''ihram'' is not needed. However the individual will have to assume ''ihram'' at the Haram's boundary, if s/he decides to perform 'Umrah after entering Mecca.<ref name="HajjUmrahPlanner" />


== Al-Ḥaram ==
== Al-Ḥaram ==
Line 38: Line 73:


6. ''Masjid al-[[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah|Ḥudaibiyah]]'' ({{lang|ar|مَسْجِد ٱلْحُدَيْبِيَة}}), on the road to Jeddah, about {{convert|16|km}} away from Makkah.
6. ''Masjid al-[[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah|Ḥudaibiyah]]'' ({{lang|ar|مَسْجِد ٱلْحُدَيْبِيَة}}), on the road to Jeddah, about {{convert|16|km}} away from Makkah.

== Additional 'Umrah ==
⚫
If a pilgrim intends to perform an additional 'Umrah, then ''ihram'' must be assumed outside the boundary of the Haram before reentering Mecca to carry out the rites of 'Umrah. Many pilgrims choose to enter into the state of [[ihram]] at [[Masjid Aisha]], which is the nearest and most convenient location from ''[[Great Mosque of Mecca|Al-Masjid al-Haram]]''. The condition to perform 'Umrah from this miqat is that you should be a resident of Mecca, and/or have entered into Mecca for more than 15 days. Transportation to get to this location is readily available near the mosque. Additional 'Umrah, if a person so intends, can be done by assuming ''Ihram'' at any of the six miqats.{{cn|date=July 2019}}

Additional Umrah is a chance to earn more and more rewards for every Muslims, but the [https://medium.com/@ranarehman1299/how-many-days-are-required-for-1-or-2-umrah-f9008ed276d9 period between the first and second Umrah] should be 7 to 10 days. During Prophet Muhammad's time, the Prophet's wife (Aisha) performed Umrah twice in a short period, and the time interval between the first and the second was less than 20 days.
According to Islamic scholars, a pilgrim can perform Umrah once again when he/she can perform the last ritual ([http://en.wikishia.net/view/Halq_and_Taqsir Halq and Taqsir]) of 'Umrah.
After the implementation of the new visa policies, Umrah must be done within 15 days, most Muslims who are not inhabitants or residents of Saudi Arabia wants to do additional Umrah within a short time interval (15 days).


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 17:41, 8 August 2020

Miqat Qarn al-Manazil
Miqat Yalamlam
Miqat Dhat 'Irq
Miqat al-Juhfah
Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah
ميقات قرن المنازل
ميقات يلملم
ميقات ذات عرق
ميقات الجحفة
ميقات ذو الحليفة
Clockwise from top left:
Miqat Qarn al-Manazil, Miqat Yalamlam, Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah, Miqat al-Juhfah
Religion
AffiliationIslam
ProvinceDhu al-Hulayfah: Madinah Province
Others: Makkah Province
RiteIhram
Location
Country Saudi Arabia
Website
https://www.hajinformation.com/main/e101.htm

The miqat[1] (Arabic: مِيْقَات, romanized: mīqāt, lit. 'a stated place') is the principal boundary at which Muslim pilgrims intending to perform the Ḥajj or Umrah pilgrimages must be enter the state of iḥrām (lit. 'prohibition'), a state of consecration in which certain permitted activities are made prohibited.

There are five miqats, four defined by the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and one by the second Rashidun caliph, 'Umar, to fulfill the needs of those offering the pilgrimages from the newly annexed regions in Mesopotamia. The miqats are, sorted by ascending distance to Mecca, as follows:[2]

List of Miqats

Name Location Distance from Mecca Defined by Serves pilgrims arriving from
Qarn al-Manāzil as-Sayl al-Kabir 82 kilometres (51 mi) NE Muhammad Najd
Yalamlam Road 4347

near ash-Shafa

105 kilometres (65 mi) SE Yemen
Dhāt 'Irq Road 4281

near as-Sayl al-Kabir

110 kilometres (68 mi) NE Umar Iran and Iraq
al-Juhfah Rabigh 179 kilometres (111 mi) NW Muhammad Shām (Syria, Palestine, Jordan, etc.)
Dhu al-Hulayfa Masjid ash-Shajarah 424 kilometres (263 mi) N Medina
Masjid 'Aisha Mecca 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) NW Mecca

If a pilgrim intends to perform an additional 'Umrah, then ihram must be assumed outside the boundary of the Haram area before re-entering Mecca to carry out the rites of 'Umrah. Many pilgrims choose to enter into the state of ihram at Masjid 'Aisha, which is the nearest and most convenient location from the Masjid al-Haram. The condition to perform 'Umrah from this miqat is that you should be a resident of Mecca, and/or have entered into Mecca for more than 15 days. Transportation to get to this location is readily available near the mosque. Additional 'Umrah, if a person so intends, can also be done by assuming Ihram at any of the five main miqats.

Scholarly opinion on entering ihram in the air

Islamic scholarly opinion on how to enter ihram while flying in for the Hajj or Umrah slightly differs between ulama. Most interpret the hadith in Sahih Bukhari, Book 25, Hadith 14, which was narrated by Ibn 'Abbas:[3]

"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had fixed Dhul Hulaifa as the Miqat for the people of Medina; Al-Juhfa for the people of Sham; and Qarn Ul-Manazil for the people of Najd; and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen. So, these (above mentioned) are the Mawaqit for all those living at those places, and besides them for those who come through those places with the intention of performing Hajj and `Umra [sic] and whoever lives within these places should assume Ihram from his dwelling place, and similarly the people of Mecca can assume lhram from Mecca"

as meaning it is necessary to wear and assume ihram when leaving one's home. Others see wearing one's ihram before one's plane enters the miqat zone to be permissible too. A line drawn from the southernmost miqat at Yalamlam to the northwestern miqat at Juhfah puts Jeddah in the zone. Conventionally, pilots carrying pilgrims announce entering the miqat about 30 minutes prior, so that pilgrims can go to the lavatory and change.[2]

Al-Ḥaram

The Haram is the sacred precinct of Mecca within which certain acts are considered unlawful which may be lawful elsewhere. It is prohibited to hunt wild animals, damage any plant or tree, graze animals, carry weapons, fight, or behave in a manner that will violate the sanctity of Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām. If a violation is carried out within the precinct of the Haram, an animal sacrifice (Arabic: دَمّ, romanized: damm) or gift of charity (ṣadaqah) is required as expiation. The boundaries of the Haram are the following:[2]

1. Masjid ʿĀʾishah (مَسْجِد عَائِشَة), also known as Masjid at-Tanʿīm (مَسْجِد ٱلْتَّنْعِيْم), located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the Kaaba and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Mecca, in the direction of Madinah.

2. Aḍāt Laban (أَضَاة لَبَن) or Aḍāt Libn (أَضَاة لِبْن) – On the road to Yemen, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) away from Mecca.

3. Wādī Nakhlah – On the road to Iraq, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) away from Mecca.

4. 'Arafat – On the road to Ta'if, close to Masjid al-Namirah in Arafat, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) away from Makkah.

5. Masjid al-Jiʿrānah (مَسْجِد ٱلْجِعْرَانَة), located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) away from Mecca.

6. Masjid al-Ḥudaibiyah (مَسْجِد ٱلْحُدَيْبِيَة), on the road to Jeddah, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) away from Makkah.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1994). Dictionary of Islam. Chicago, IL, the USA: Kazi Publications Inc. USA. ISBN 0-935782-70-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |co-authors= (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Meeqath | Hajj & Umrah Planner". Hajjumrahplanner.com. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
  3. ^ "Hadith - Book of Hajj (Pilgrimage) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
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