1888 in Germany: Difference between revisions

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Events in the year 1888 in Germany, the 'Year of the Three Emperors'.

Incumbents

National level

Kaiser – William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II
Chancellor – Otto von Bismarck

State level

Kingdoms

King of Bavaria – Otto of Bavaria
King of Prussia – William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II (all Kaisers of the German Empire)
King of Saxony – Albert of Saxony
King of Württemberg – Charles I of Württemberg

Grand Duchies

Principalities

Duchies

Colonial Governors

Cameroon (Kamerun) – Eugen von Zimmerer (1st term) to 17 January, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (2nd term)
German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Karl Peters (administrator) to 8 February, then Hermann Wissmann (commissioner) (1st term)
German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz to 1 March, then Reinhold Kraetke (both Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company)
German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Heinrich Ernst Göring (acting commissioner)
Togoland – Jesko von Puttkamer (acting commissioner) (1st term) to 17 October, then Eugen von Zimmerer (commissioner)
Wituland (Deutsch-Witu) – Gustav Denhardt (resident)

Events

9 March – Emperor Wilhelm I dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes Friedrich III.
16 April – The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru
15 June – Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, Friedrich III.
13 December – Heinrich Hertz presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences

Literature

'Theses on Feuerbach' by Karl Marx is published posthumously

Music

Johannes Brahms – Violin Sonata in D Minor (opus 108)
Max Reger – String Quartet in D minor (with double bass obbligato; without op.) (1888–89)
Joseph Rheinberger — Organ Sonata No. 12 in D-flat, Op. 154
Richard Strauss
- Don Juan, Macbeth (first version)
Carl Maria von Weber's opera Die drei Pintos completed posthumously by Theodor Hell

Sport

Establishment of association football clubs BFC Germania, TGM SV Jügesheim and KBC Duisburg

Miscellaneous

First buildings of the Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil opened

Births

14 January – Karl Badberger, architect (date of death unknown)
17 February – Otto Stern, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 1969)
27 February – Lotte Lehmann, German soprano (died 1976)
4 March – Emma Richter, German paleontologist (died 1956)^[1]
14 March:
- Peretz Naftali, German-born Israeli politician (died 1961)
- Hermann Reinecke, Wehrmacht general and convicted war criminal (died 1973)
19 March – Josef Albers, German-American artist (died 1976)
17 April – Herms Niel, German composer (died 1954)
24 July – Hermann von Bönninghausen, German athlete and soldier in World War I (died 1919)
4 September – Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor and choreographer (died 1943)
20 December – Yitzhak Baer, Israeli historian (died 1980)

Deaths

9 March – William I, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (born 1797)
5 April – Eduard Karl August Riehm, German Protestant theologian (born 1830)
16 April – Friedrich Grillo, German industrialist (born 1825)
15 June – Frederick III, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (born 1831)
20 June – Karl Friedrich August Kahnis, German Protestant theologian (born 1814)
20 July – Paul Langerhans German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (born 1847)
23 July – Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard, German Protestant theologian (born 1818)
24 August – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist and mathematician (born 1822)
28 August – Georg Beseler, German politician and jurist (born 1809)
12 September – August von Werder, German general (born 1808)
3 December – Carl Zeiss, German entrepreneur and scientist (born 1816)

References

^ "Richter, Emma". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2019.

[1] "Richter, Emma". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 11 June 2019.

[1]

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 *[[16 April]] – The [[German Empire]] annexes the island of [[Nauru]]
 *[[15 June]] – [[Wilhelm II]] becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, [[Friedrich III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]].
-* August – In early August 1888,<ref>Winfried A. Seidel: ''Carl Benz. Eine badische Geschichte''. Edition Diesbach, Weinheim 2005, {{ISBN|3-936468-29-X}}., page 43</ref> without her husband's knowledge, [[Bertha Benz]], with her sons Richard (aged 14) and Eugen (aged 15), drove in Benz's newly constructed [[Benz Patent-Motorwagen|Patent Motorwagen]] No. 3 automobile, from Mannheim to her own birthplace, Pforzheim, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over more than a very short distance
 *[[13 December]] – [[Heinrich Hertz]] presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences
-* undated - [[Karl Benz]], inventor of the modern gasoline automobile, had to receive written permission [[driver's licence]]
 ==Literature==
@@ Line 73: / Line 71: @@
 ==Miscellaneous==
 *First buildings of the [[Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil]] opened
-*First worldwide gasoline [[Filling station]] in [[Wiesloch]], where [[Bertha Benz]] refilled the tank of the first automobile on its maiden trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim back.
 ==Births==
 {{div col|content=
-* [[4 January]] – [[Walther Kossel]], German physicist (died [[1956 in Germany|1956]])
-* [[8 January]] – [[Richard Courant]], German mathematician (died [[1972 in the United States|1972]])
 * [[14 January]] – [[Karl Badberger]], architect (date of death unknown)
-* [[24 January]] – [[Ernst Heinkel]], German aircraft designer (died [[1958 in Germany|1958]])
-* [[8 February]] – [[Jakob Kaiser]], German politician (died [[1961 in Germany|1961]])
-* [[12 February]] – [[Hans Graf von Sponeck]], German general (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
-* [[14 February]] – [[Hermann Reinecke]], Wehrmacht general (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]]
 * [[17 February]] – [[Otto Stern]], German physicist and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died [[1969 in the United States|1969]])
 * [[27 February]] – [[Lotte Lehmann]], German soprano (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
 * [[4 March]] – [[Emma Richter]], German paleontologist (died [[1956 in Germany|1956]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Richter, Emma |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116510757.html#ndbcontent |website=www.deutsche-biographie.de |accessdate=11 June 2019 |language=de}}</ref>
-* [[12 March]] – [[Hans Knappertsbusch]], German conductor (died [[1965 in Germany|1965]])
 * [[14 March]]:
 ** [[Peretz Naftali]], German-born Israeli politician (died [[1961 in Israel|1961]])
 ** [[Hermann Reinecke]], [[Wehrmacht]] general and convicted war criminal (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]])
 * [[19 March]] – [[Josef Albers]], German-American artist (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
-* [[1 April]] – [[Hermann Pünder]], German politician (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
-* [[6 April]] – [[Hans Richter (artist)|Hans Richter]], German painter and graphic artist (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
 * [[17 April]] – [[Herms Niel]], German composer (died [[1954 in Germany|1954]])
-* [[4 May]] – [[Rudolf Arnold Nieberding]], German politician (died [[1912 in Germany|1912]])
+* [[24 July]] – [[Hermann von Bönninghausen]], German athlete and soldier in World War I (died [[1919 in Germany|1919]])
-* [[12 May]] – [[Fritz Schäffer]], German politician (died [[1967 in Germany|1967]])
-* [[13 May]] – [[Alfred Braun]], German actor and film director (died [[1978 in Germany|1978]])
-* [[30 June]] – [[Rudolf Amelunxen]], German politician (died [[1969 in Germany|1969]])
-* [[11 July]] – [[Carl Schmitt]], German jurist and political theorist (died [[1985 in Germany|1985]])
-* [[15 July]] – [[Ernst von Harnack]], German politician (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
-* [[24 July]] — [[Hermann von Bönninghausen]], German athlete and soldier in World War I (died [[1919 in Germany|1919]])
-* [[27 July]] – [[Prince Oskar of Prussia]], German nobleman (died [[1958 in Germany|1958]])
-* [[3 August]] – [[Ferdinand von Lüninck]], German officer (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
-* [[30 August]] – [[Walther Penck]], German geologist and geomorphologist (died [[1923 in Germany|1923]])
-* [[3 September]] – [[Hans-Friedrich Blunck]], German jurist and writer (died [[1961 in Germany|1961]])
 * [[4 September]] – [[Oskar Schlemmer]], German painter, sculptor and choreographer (died [[1943 in Germany|1943]])
-* [[29 September]] – [[Michael Graf von Matuschka]], German politician (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
-* [[4 October]] – [[Friedrich Olbricht]], German general (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
-* [[8 October]] – [[Friedrich Fromm]], German general (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
-* [[7 November]] – [[Karl Ritter (director)|Karl Ritter]], German film producer (died [[1977 in Germany|1977]])
-* [[11 November]] – [[Hans von Salmuth]], German general (died [[1962 in Germany|1962]])
-* [[11 December]] – [[Wilhelm Kühne (aviator)|Wilhelm Kühne]], German pilot (died [[1918 in Germany|1918]])
 * [[20 December]] – [[Yitzhak Baer]], Israeli historian (died [[1980 in Israel|1980]])
-* [[27 December]] – [[Thea von Harbou]], German actress, novelist and film director (died [[1954 in Germany|1954]])
-* [[28 December]] –  [[Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau]], German film director (died [[1931 in the United States|1931]])
 }}
 ==Deaths==
 {{div col|content=
-* [[19 February]] – [[Karl Bartsch]], German medievalist (born [[1832 in Germany|1832]])
 * [[9 March]] – [[William I, German Emperor|William I]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1797 in Germany|1797]])
-* [[11 March]] – [[Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen]], German mayor and cooperative pioneer.(born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
 * [[5 April]] – [[Eduard Karl August Riehm]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1830 in Germany|1830]])
 * [[16 April]] – [[Friedrich Grillo]], German industrialist (born [[1825 in Germany|1825]])
 * [[15 June]] – [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1831 in Germany|1831]])
 * [[20 June]] – [[Karl Friedrich August Kahnis]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1814 in Germany|1814]])
-* [[20 June]] - [[Princess Marie of Prussia (1855–1888)|Princess Marie of Prussia]], Prussian princess (born [[1855 in Germany|1855]])
-* [[4 July]] – [[Theodor Storm]], German writer (born [[1817 in Germany|1817]])
 * [[20 July]] – [[Paul Langerhans]] German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
 * [[23 July]] – [[Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
 * [[24 August]] – [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist and mathematician (born [[1822 in Germany|1822]])
-* [[25 August]] - [[Karl Heine]], German lawyer and entrepreneur (born [[1819 in Germany|1819]])
 * [[28 August]] – [[Georg Beseler]], German politician and jurist (born [[1809 in Germany|1809]])
 * [[12 September]] – [[August von Werder]], German general (born [[1808 in Germany|1808]])

v t e Years in Germany (1871–present)
19th century	Pre-1871 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

v t e 1888 in Europe
Sovereign states	Andorra Austria-Hungary Baden Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Portugal Prussia Romania Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Cyprus Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta