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After graduating from [[Lower Merion High School]] in 1998, Kaufman received his B.S. from [[Carnegie Mellon University]], where he was [[Herbert A. Simon]]'s last research assistant, and a student of [[Randy Pausch]]. In 2005, he received his M.Phil. from [[King's College, Cambridge]] under a [[Gates Scholarship]], where he worked with [[Nicholas Mackintosh]]. After Cambridge, Kaufman earned his Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from [[Yale University]] where he was mentored by [[Robert Sternberg]], Jeremy R. Gray, and Jerome L. Singer. From 2009-2010, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the [[Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies]].
After graduating from [[Lower Merion High School]] in 1998, Kaufman received his B.S. from [[Carnegie Mellon University]], where he was [[Herbert A. Simon]]'s last research assistant, and a student of [[Randy Pausch]]. In 2005, he received his M.Phil. from [[King's College, Cambridge]] under a [[Gates Scholarship]], where he worked with [[Nicholas Mackintosh]]. After Cambridge, Kaufman earned his Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from [[Yale University]] where he was mentored by [[Robert Sternberg]], Jeremy R. Gray, and Jerome L. Singer. From 2009-2010, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the [[Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies]].

== Personal ==

Diagnosed with [[Central Auditory Processing Disorder|central auditory processing disorder]] as a child, Kaufman repeated third grade and was considered a slow learner.<ref name="Ungifted">''Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined'' (2013). New York, NY: Basic Books. ({{ISBN|0-465-02554-4}})</ref> Kaufman was kept in special education and remedial classes until ninth grade, when a special education teacher saw greater potential and questioned his educational placement. Inspired and determined to see what he was capable of achieving in life, Kaufman took himself out of special education, quickly going from a remedial student to a straight A student, playing cello in the high school orchestra and singing in the choir. Kaufman's early childhood experiences made him realize the deep reservoir of untapped potential of students, including those who have been diagnosed with a learning disability.

Kaufman is the grandson of former Philadelphia Orchestra cellist [[Harry Gorodetzer]].<ref>[http://articles.philly.com/2003-04-13/news/25475880_1_scholarship-winners-melinda-gates-foundation-gates-program Gates scholarship backs quest of L. Merion alum Studying at Cambridge for a year could bring progress in how human intelligence is measured.], The Philadelphia Inquirer, 13 April 2003.</ref><ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200911/genius-genes-and-gusto-how-passions-find-you Genius, Genes and Gusto: How Passions Find You], Psychology Today, 1 November 2009.</ref><ref>[http://articles.philly.com/2002-12-23/news/25359530_1_leopold-stokowski-school-orchestra-orchestra-director Harry Gorodetzer, former Phila. Orchestra cellist. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 23 December 2002].</ref>


== Research ==
== Research ==

Revision as of 02:25, 19 May 2020

Scott Barry Kaufman
Aspen Ideas Festival 2014
Born (1979-06-03) June 3, 1979 (age 45)
Penn Wynne, Pennsylvania, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Scientific career
FieldsHumanistic Psychology
Positive Psychology
Cognitive Science
Educational Psychology
InstitutionsColumbia University
New York University
University of Pennsylvania
Websitehttp://www.scottbarrykaufman.com

Scott Barry Kaufman (born June 3, 1979) is an American humanistic psychologist, author, podcaster, and popular science writer known for his research and writing on intelligence, creativity, and human potential. Most media attention has focused on Kaufman's attempt to redefine intelligence.[1][2][3]

Kaufman has taught at Columbia University, NYU, the University of Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. He is creator and host of The Psychology Podcast, author of the column Beautiful Minds at Scientific American, and author and/or editor of nine books, including Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined, Wired to Create: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind (with Carolyn Gregoire), and Transcend: The New Science of Self-Actualization.

Education

After graduating from Lower Merion High School in 1998, Kaufman received his B.S. from Carnegie Mellon University, where he was Herbert A. Simon's last research assistant, and a student of Randy Pausch. In 2005, he received his M.Phil. from King's College, Cambridge under a Gates Scholarship, where he worked with Nicholas Mackintosh. After Cambridge, Kaufman earned his Ph.D. in Cognitive Psychology from Yale University where he was mentored by Robert Sternberg, Jeremy R. Gray, and Jerome L. Singer. From 2009-2010, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies.

Research

The dual-process theory of human intelligence

Most theories of human intelligence and tests of intelligence emphasize controlled and deliberate reasoning as the hallmark of human intelligence. While agreeing that such thought processes are an important component of intelligence, Kaufman argues that spontaneous forms of thinking such as insight, imaginative play, daydreaming, implicit learning, and a reduced latent inhibition are also important contributors to a wide range of intelligent behaviors as well as creativity.[4][5] Integrating modern dual-process theories of cognition with research on human intelligence, Kaufman proposed the dual-process theory of human intelligence.[6][7][8][9] The theory emphasizes the importance of adaptation to task demands as the essence of intelligent functioning. At the same time, the theory takes into account an individual's personal goals and accommodates a wide range of intelligent behaviors in a wide range of fields, from the arts to the sciences. A key assumption of the theory is that abilities are not static entities but are constantly changing throughout the life span as the person continually engages with controlled and spontaneous modes of thought. In Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined, Kaufman expanded his dual-process theory to make the point that his theory is also fundamentally developmental, because it views intelligence as the dynamic interplay of engagement and ability over time in the pursuit of personal goals. [10]

Well-being

Kaufman sees well-being as influenced by happiness and meaning.[11]

Light triad

Influenced by the dark triad theory of antisocial personalities, Kaufman is researching a proposed "light triad" of personality virtues: humanism, Kantianism, and faith in humanity.[12]

Bibliography

Books

  • Transcend: The New Science of Self-Actualization (2020) New York, NY: TarcherPerigee. (ISBN 0-143-13120-6)
  • Twice Exceptional: Supporting and Educating Bright and Creative Students with Learning Difficulties (2018) New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-190-64547-4)
  • Wired to Create: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Creative Mind (with Carolyn Gregoire) (2015) New York, NY: TarcherPerigee. (ISBN 0-399-17410-9)
  • The Philosophy of Creativity (with Elliot Samuel Paul) (2014). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-199-83696-5)
  • The Complexity of Greatness: Beyond Talent or Practice (2013) New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-199-79400-6)
  • Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined (2013). New York, NY: Basic Books. (ISBN 0-465-02554-4)
  • Mating Intelligence Unleashed: The Role of the Mind in Sex, Dating, and Love (with Glenn Geher) (2013). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-195-39685-5)
  • The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (with Robert J. Sternberg) (2011). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-73911-X)
  • The Psychology of Creative Writing (with James C. Kaufman) (2009). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-70782-X)

References

  1. ^ Why We Need to Redefine Intelligence, Harvard Business Review IdeaCast, 13 June 2013.
  2. ^ Redefining Intelligence Archived 2013-06-18 at the Wayback Machine, The Leonard Lopate Show- WNYC, 13 June 2013.
  3. ^ Beyond IQ: 5 Ways to Reframe Success and Smarts, Fast Co.Create, 13 June 2013.
  4. ^ Dreams of Glory, Psychology Today, March 2014.
  5. ^ Why Daydreamers Are More Creative, Beautiful Minds, 27 February 2011.
  6. ^ Kaufman, S. B. (2009). Beyond general intelligence: The dual-process theory of human intelligence (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation). Yale University, New Haven, CT.
  7. ^ Kaufman, S.B. (2011). Intelligence and the cognitive unconscious. In R.J. Sternberg & S.B. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence (pp. 442-467). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ Kaufman, J.C., Kaufman, S.B., & Plucker, J.A. (2013). Contemporary theories of intelligence. In J. Reisberg (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology (pp. 811-822). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ 6 Clues to Character, Psychology Today, 15 December 2011.
  10. ^ Book Review - Ungifted: Intelligence Redefined, Creativity Post, June 14, 2013
  11. ^ https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/the-differences-between-happiness-and-meaning-in-life/
  12. ^ Oakes, Kelly. "The 'light triad' that can make you a good person". BBC. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
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