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'''''Trypanosoma evansi''''' is a species of [[Excavata|excavate]] [[Trypanosomatid|trypanosome]] in the genus [[Trypanosoma]] that causes one form of [[surra]] in animals.<ref name="RjeibiBen Hamida2015">{{cite journal|last1=Rjeibi|first1=Mohamed Ridha|last2=Ben Hamida|first2=Taoufik|last3=Dalgatova|first3=Zara|last4=Mahjoub|first4=Tarek|last5=Rejeb|first5=Ahmed|last6=Dridi|first6=Walid|last7=Gharbi|first7=Mohamed|title=First report of surra (''Trypanosoma evansi'' infection) in a Tunisian dog|journal=Parasite|volume=22|year=2015|pages=3|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2015004|pmid=25654368|url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2015/01/parasite140104/parasite140104.html|pmc=4318485}} {{open access}}</ref> It has been proposed that ''T. evansi'' is—like ''[[T. equiperdum]]''—a derivative of ''[[T. brucei]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author = Lai DH |date=February 2008|title =Adaptations of 'Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei |journal = PNAS |volume = 105 |pages = 1999–2004 |pmc = 2538871 |doi = 10.1073/pnas.0711799105 |last2 = Petritsch |first2 = W |last3 = Schreiber |first3 = F |last4 = Warnkross |first4 = H |last5 = Pietsch |first5 = B |last6 = Passath |first6 = A |last7 = Leb |first7 = G |last8 = Tilz |first8 = GP |last9 = Kellner |first9 = A |issue = 3 |pmid=18245376|bibcode=2008PNAS..105.1999L}}</ref> Due to this loss of part of the mitochondrial ([[kinetoplast]]) DNA ''T. evansi'' is not capable of infecting the invertebrate vector and establishing the subsequent life-stages.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0166-6851(87)90184-8 |vauthors=Borst P, Fase-Fowler F, Gibson WC |date=January 1987|title =Kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma evansi |journal = Mol Biochem Parasitol |volume = 23 |pages = 31–38 |pmid = 3033499 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T29-47DM1DW-6&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=acfdfd258f239088c454a2c40e403e26 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120913080911/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T29-47DM1DW-6&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=acfdfd258f239088c454a2c40e403e26 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2012-09-13 |issue = 1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Hoare CR |year = 1972 |title =The trypanosomes of the Mammals |journal = Blackwell, Oxford |pages = |pmid = |url = }}</ref> Due to its mechanical transmission ''T. evansi'' is not restricted to transmission via the [[tsetse fly]] but shows a very broad vector specificity including the genera ''Tabanus'', ''Stomoxys'', ''Haematopota'', ''Chrysops'' and ''Lyperosia''.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0169-4758(88)90188-3 |author = Luckins AG |date=May 1988|title =Trypanosoma evansi in Asia |journal = Parasitol Today |volume = 4 |pages = 137–42 |pmid = 15463067 |url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=inwardhub&_urlversion=4&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=0169475888901883&_version=1&md5=ccdcd1066cf3d3ab587d29767a8083fb |issue = 5}}(and references therein)</ref>
'''''Trypanosoma evansi''''' is a species of [[Excavata|excavate]] [[Trypanosomatid|trypanosome]] in the genus [[Trypanosoma]] that causes one form of [[surra]] in animals.<ref name="RjeibiBen Hamida2015">{{cite journal|last1=Rjeibi|first1=Mohamed Ridha|last2=Ben Hamida|first2=Taoufik|last3=Dalgatova|first3=Zara|last4=Mahjoub|first4=Tarek|last5=Rejeb|first5=Ahmed|last6=Dridi|first6=Walid|last7=Gharbi|first7=Mohamed|title=First report of surra (''Trypanosoma evansi'' infection) in a Tunisian dog|journal=Parasite|volume=22|year=2015|pages=3|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2015004|pmid=25654368|url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2015/01/parasite140104/parasite140104.html|pmc=4318485}} {{open access}}</ref> It has been proposed that ''T. evansi'' is—like ''[[T. equiperdum]]''—a derivative of ''[[T. brucei]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author = Lai DH |date=February 2008|title =Adaptations of 'Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei |journal = PNAS |volume = 105 |pages = 1999–2004 |pmc = 2538871 |doi = 10.1073/pnas.0711799105 |last2 = Petritsch |first2 = W |last3 = Schreiber |first3 = F |last4 = Warnkross |first4 = H |last5 = Pietsch |first5 = B |last6 = Passath |first6 = A |last7 = Leb |first7 = G |last8 = Tilz |first8 = GP |last9 = Kellner |first9 = A |issue = 3 |pmid=18245376|bibcode=2008PNAS..105.1999L}}</ref> Due to this loss of part of the mitochondrial ([[kinetoplast]]) DNA ''T. evansi'' is not capable of infecting the invertebrate vector and establishing the subsequent life-stages.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0166-6851(87)90184-8 |vauthors=Borst P, Fase-Fowler F, Gibson WC |date=January 1987|title =Kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma evansi |journal = Mol Biochem Parasitol |volume = 23 |pages = 31–38 |pmid = 3033499 |issue = 1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Hoare CR |year = 1972 |title =The trypanosomes of the Mammals |journal = Blackwell, Oxford |pages = |pmid = |url = }}</ref> Due to its mechanical transmission ''T. evansi'' is not restricted to transmission via the [[tsetse fly]] but shows a very broad vector specificity including the genera ''Tabanus'', ''Stomoxys'', ''Haematopota'', ''Chrysops'' and ''Lyperosia''.<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/0169-4758(88)90188-3 |author = Luckins AG |date=May 1988|title =Trypanosoma evansi in Asia |journal = Parasitol Today |volume = 4 |pages = 137–42 |pmid = 15463067 |issue = 5}}(and references therein)</ref>
It rarely causes disease in humans,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Powar RM |date=1 January 2006|title =A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi |journal = Indian J Med Microbiol |volume = 24 |pages = 72–74 |pmid = 16505565 |issue = 1 |doi = 10.4103/0255-0857.19904 |last2 = Shegokar |first2 = VR |last3 = Joshi |first3 = PP |last4 = Dani |first4 = VS |last5 = Tankhiwale |first5 = NS |last6 = Truc |first6 = P |last7 = Jannin |first7 = J |last8 = Bhargava |first8 = A }}</ref> indeed, it has only been recorded in cases where the patient lacks a normal component of human serum, [[APOL1|Apolipoprotein L1]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Benoit Vanhollebeke, Eng., Philippe Truc, Ph.D., Philippe Poelvoorde, M.Sc., Annette Pays, M.Sc., Prashant P. Joshi, M.D., Ravindra Katti, M.D., Jean G. Jannin, M.D., and Etienne Pays, Ph.D.|title=Human Trypanosoma evansi Infection Linked to a Lack of Apolipoprotein L-I|journal=N Engl J Med|volume=355|issue=26|pages=2752–6|date=December 28, 2006|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa063265|pmid=17192540|first1=Benoit|last2=Truc|first2=Philippe|last3=Poelvoorde|first3=Philippe|last4=Pays|first4=Annette|last5=Joshi|first5=Prashant P.|last6=Katti|first6=Ravindra|last7=Jannin|first7=Jean G.|last8=Pays|first8=Etienne}}</ref> ''T. evansi'' is very common in India and Iran <ref name="SazmandJoachim2017">{{cite journal|last1=Sazmand|first1=Alireza|last2=Joachim|first2=Anja|title=Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review|journal=Parasite|volume=24|year=2017|pages=21|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2017024|pmid=28617666|pmc=5479402|url=https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2017/01/parasite170031/parasite170031.html}} {{open access}}</ref> and causes acute disease in camels and horses, and chronic disease in cattle and buffalo. In Pakistan, it has been found to be the most prevalent trypanosome species in donkeys<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=June 2018|title=Molecular Identification of Trypanosomesand Their Effects on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Donkeys in Punjab, Pakistan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324151454|journal=International Journal of Agriculture and Biology|volume=20|pages=1607–1612|via=}}</ref>.
It rarely causes disease in humans,<ref>{{cite journal |author = Powar RM |date=1 January 2006|title =A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi |journal = Indian J Med Microbiol |volume = 24 |pages = 72–74 |pmid = 16505565 |issue = 1 |doi = 10.4103/0255-0857.19904 |last2 = Shegokar |first2 = VR |last3 = Joshi |first3 = PP |last4 = Dani |first4 = VS |last5 = Tankhiwale |first5 = NS |last6 = Truc |first6 = P |last7 = Jannin |first7 = J |last8 = Bhargava |first8 = A }}</ref> indeed, it has only been recorded in cases where the patient lacks a normal component of human serum, [[APOL1|Apolipoprotein L1]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Benoit Vanhollebeke, Eng., Philippe Truc, Ph.D., Philippe Poelvoorde, M.Sc., Annette Pays, M.Sc., Prashant P. Joshi, M.D., Ravindra Katti, M.D., Jean G. Jannin, M.D., and Etienne Pays, Ph.D.|title=Human Trypanosoma evansi Infection Linked to a Lack of Apolipoprotein L-I|journal=N Engl J Med|volume=355|issue=26|pages=2752–6|date=December 28, 2006|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa063265|pmid=17192540|first1=Benoit|last2=Truc|first2=Philippe|last3=Poelvoorde|first3=Philippe|last4=Pays|first4=Annette|last5=Joshi|first5=Prashant P.|last6=Katti|first6=Ravindra|last7=Jannin|first7=Jean G.|last8=Pays|first8=Etienne}}</ref> ''T. evansi'' is very common in India and Iran <ref name="SazmandJoachim2017">{{cite journal|last1=Sazmand|first1=Alireza|last2=Joachim|first2=Anja|title=Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review|journal=Parasite|volume=24|year=2017|pages=21|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2017024|pmid=28617666|pmc=5479402|url=https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2017/01/parasite170031/parasite170031.html}} {{open access}}</ref> and causes acute disease in camels and horses, and chronic disease in cattle and buffalo. In Pakistan, it has been found to be the most prevalent trypanosome species in donkeys<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=June 2018|title=Molecular Identification of Trypanosomesand Their Effects on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Donkeys in Punjab, Pakistan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324151454|journal=International Journal of Agriculture and Biology|volume=20|pages=1607–1612|via=}}</ref>.


Revision as of 20:03, 8 December 2019

Trypanosoma evansi
"Trypanosoma evansi" in blood
Trypanosoma evansi in blood
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Class: Kinetoplastea
Order: Trypanosomatida
Family: Trypanosomatidae
Genus: Trypanosoma
Species:
T. evansi
Binomial name
Trypanosoma evansi
Steel, 1884

Trypanosoma evansi is a species of excavate trypanosome in the genus Trypanosoma that causes one form of surra in animals.[1] It has been proposed that T. evansi is—like T. equiperdum—a derivative of T. brucei.[2] Due to this loss of part of the mitochondrial (kinetoplast) DNA T. evansi is not capable of infecting the invertebrate vector and establishing the subsequent life-stages.[3][4] Due to its mechanical transmission T. evansi is not restricted to transmission via the tsetse fly but shows a very broad vector specificity including the genera Tabanus, Stomoxys, Haematopota, Chrysops and Lyperosia.[5] It rarely causes disease in humans,[6] indeed, it has only been recorded in cases where the patient lacks a normal component of human serum, Apolipoprotein L1.[7] T. evansi is very common in India and Iran [8] and causes acute disease in camels and horses, and chronic disease in cattle and buffalo. In Pakistan, it has been found to be the most prevalent trypanosome species in donkeys[9].

References

  1. ^ Rjeibi, Mohamed Ridha; Ben Hamida, Taoufik; Dalgatova, Zara; Mahjoub, Tarek; Rejeb, Ahmed; Dridi, Walid; Gharbi, Mohamed (2015). "First report of surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog". Parasite. 22: 3. doi:10.1051/parasite/2015004. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4318485. PMID 25654368. Open access icon
  2. ^ Lai DH; Petritsch, W; Schreiber, F; Warnkross, H; Pietsch, B; Passath, A; Leb, G; Tilz, GP; Kellner, A (February 2008). "Adaptations of 'Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei". PNAS. 105 (3): 1999–2004. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105.1999L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711799105. PMC 2538871. PMID 18245376.
  3. ^ Borst P, Fase-Fowler F, Gibson WC (January 1987). "Kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma evansi". Mol Biochem Parasitol. 23 (1): 31–38. doi:10.1016/0166-6851(87)90184-8. PMID 3033499.
  4. ^ Hoare CR (1972). "The trypanosomes of the Mammals". Blackwell, Oxford.
  5. ^ Luckins AG (May 1988). "Trypanosoma evansi in Asia". Parasitol Today. 4 (5): 137–42. doi:10.1016/0169-4758(88)90188-3. PMID 15463067.(and references therein)
  6. ^ Powar RM; Shegokar, VR; Joshi, PP; Dani, VS; Tankhiwale, NS; Truc, P; Jannin, J; Bhargava, A (1 January 2006). "A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi". Indian J Med Microbiol. 24 (1): 72–74. doi:10.4103/0255-0857.19904. PMID 16505565.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ Benoit Vanhollebeke, Eng., Philippe Truc, Ph.D., Philippe Poelvoorde, M.Sc., Annette Pays, M.Sc., Prashant P. Joshi, M.D., Ravindra Katti, M.D., Jean G. Jannin, M.D., and Etienne Pays, Ph.D., Benoit; Truc, Philippe; Poelvoorde, Philippe; Pays, Annette; Joshi, Prashant P.; Katti, Ravindra; Jannin, Jean G.; Pays, Etienne (December 28, 2006). "Human Trypanosoma evansi Infection Linked to a Lack of Apolipoprotein L-I". N Engl J Med. 355 (26): 2752–6. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa063265. PMID 17192540.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Sazmand, Alireza; Joachim, Anja (2017). "Parasitic diseases of camels in Iran (1931–2017) – a literature review". Parasite. 24: 21. doi:10.1051/parasite/2017024. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 5479402. PMID 28617666. Open access icon
  9. ^ "Molecular Identification of Trypanosomesand Their Effects on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Donkeys in Punjab, Pakistan". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 20: 1607–1612. June 2018.
  • Joshi P.P.; Shegokar V.R.; Powar R.M.; Herder S.; Katti R.; Salkar H.R.; Dani V.S.; Bhargava A.; Jannin J.; Truc P. (2005). "Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: The first case report". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 73 (3): 491–495. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.491.


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