Canker

This article is about the plant disease. For the human condition, see canker sore.

Not to be confused with Kanker.

Butternut canker is a lethal disease of Butternut trees, and has no cure.

Canker generally refers to many different plant diseases of such broadly similar symptoms as the appearance of small areas of dead tissue, which grow slowly, often over years. Some are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore of major economic importance in agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include such a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather and animals can spread canker, thereby endangering areas that have only slight amount of canker.

Although fungicides or bactericides can treat some cankers, often the only available treatment is to destroy the infected plant to contain the disease.

Examples

Tree cankers (right) are caused by injuries to the bark that allow pathogens or insects in to infect the tree. Compared above is a healthy tree and segment (left) to a tree infected and containing a canker.

• Apple canker, caused by the fungus Neonectria galligena
• Ash bacterial canker, now understood to be caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi, rather than Pseudomonas syringae. After DNA-relatedness studies Pseudomonas savastanoi has been instated as a new species.
• Butternut canker, caused by the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum
• Bleeding canker of horse chestnut, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi
• Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis
• Cypress canker, caused by the fungus Seiridium cardinale
• Foamy bark canker of oaks in California, caused by the fungus Geosmithia putterillii
• Dogwood anthracnose, caused by the fungus Discula destructiva
• Grape canker, caused by the fungus Eutypa lata
• Honey locust canker, caused by the fungus Thyronectria austro-americana
• Larch canker, caused by the fungus Lachnellula willkommii
• Mulberry canker, caused by the fungus Gibberella baccata
• Oak canker, caused by the fungus Diplodia quercina
• Pine pitch canker, caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum
• Plane anthracnose, caused by the fungus Apiognomonia veneta
• Poplar canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas populi
• Rapeseed stem canker, caused by the blackleg fungus Leptosphaeria maculans
• Rose cankers, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria coniothyrium and Cryptosporella umbrina
• Scleroderris canker, caused by the fungus Gremmeniella abietina
• Southwest canker, caused by environmental conditions (cold and sun)
• Tomato anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum coccodes
• Willow anthracnose, caused by the fungus Marssonina salicicola

• 
  Canker on a birch
• 
  Canker on a beech tree.
• 
  Canker on an ash tree in North Ayrshire, Scotland.

See also

• Forest pathology
• Burl or Burr
• Cancer
• Tumor

External links

• [1] Canker Diseases of Trees