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|name = Sol Tax
|name = Sol Tax
|image = SolTaxImage.jpg
|image = SolTaxImage.jpg
|image_size =
|caption =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1907|10|30|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1907|10|30|df=y}}
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|citizenship =
|citizenship =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] <small>(Ph.B, 1931)</small><ref name="Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology">{{cite web|title=Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml|website=Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref><br>[[University of Chicago]] <small>(Ph.D, 1935)</small><ref name="Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology">{{cite web|title=Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml|website=Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref>
|alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] <small>(Ph.B, 1931)</small><ref name="Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology">{{cite web|title=Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml|website=Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref><br />[[University of Chicago]] <small>(Ph.D, 1935)</small><ref name="Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology">{{cite web|title=Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml|website=Chicago Chronicle|accessdate=13 March 2015}}</ref>
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|known_for = [[Fox (tribe)|Fox]] Indians
|known_for = [[Fox (tribe)|Fox]] Indians
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences = [[Ralph Linton]]<br/>A.R. Radcliffe-Brown<br/>Robert Redfield<br/> [[Fred Eggan]]
|influences = [[Ralph Linton]]<br />A.R. Radcliffe-Brown<br />Robert Redfield<br /> [[Fred Eggan]]
|influenced =
|influenced =
|signature =
|signature =
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|work_institutions =
|work_institutions =
|doctoral students =
|doctoral students =
|prizes = [[Viking Fund Medal]] <small>(1961)</small><br>[[Bronislaw Malinowski Award]] <small>(1977)</small>
|prizes = [[Viking Fund Medal]] <small>(1961)</small><br />[[Bronislaw Malinowski Award]] <small>(1977)</small>
|religion =
|religion =
}}'''Sol Tax''' (30 October 1907 &ndash; 4 January 1995) was an [[United States|American]] [[anthropologist]]. He is best known for creating action anthropology and his studies of the [[Meskwaki]], or Fox, Indians, for "action-anthropological" research titled the Fox Project, and for founding the academic journal ''[[Current Anthropology]].'' He received his doctorate from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1935 and, together with [[Fred Eggan]], was a student of [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]].
}}'''Sol Tax''' (30 October 1907 – 4 January 1995) was an [[United States|American]] [[anthropologist]]. He is best known for creating action anthropology and his studies of the [[Meskwaki]], or Fox, Indians, for "action-anthropological" research titled the Fox Project, and for founding the academic journal ''[[Current Anthropology]].'' He received his doctorate from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1935 and, together with [[Fred Eggan]], was a student of [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]].


Tax grew up in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]. During his formative years he was involved in a number of social clubs. Among these was the Newsboys Republic with which his first encounter was when he was "arrested" for breaking their rules. Tax began his undergraduate education at the [[University of Chicago]] but had to leave for lack of funds. He returned to school at the [[University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison]], where he studied with [[Ralph Linton]]. He later taught at the University of Chicago. Tax was a mentor to noted anthropologist Joan Ablon at the University of Chicago.
Tax grew up in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]]. During his formative years he was involved in a number of social clubs. Among these was the Newsboys Republic with which his first encounter was when he was "arrested" for breaking their rules. Tax began his undergraduate education at the [[University of Chicago]] but had to leave for lack of funds. He returned to school at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where he studied with [[Ralph Linton]]. He later taught at the University of Chicago. Tax was a mentor to noted anthropologist Joan Ablon at the University of Chicago.


He was the main organizer for the [[1959 Darwin Centennial Celebration]] held at the University of Chicago.
He was the main organizer for the [[1959 Darwin Centennial Celebration]] held at the University of Chicago.
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|title=Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology
|title=Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology
|accessdate=2008-10-31 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|accessdate=2008-10-31 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date=2008-10-27
|date=2008-10-27
|year=
|year=
|month= |format= |work= |publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]
|month= |format= |work= |publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]
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|title=Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology
|title=Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology
|accessdate=2008-10-31 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|accessdate=2008-10-31 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors=
|date=2008-10-23
|date=2008-10-23
|year= |month= |format= |work=
|year= |month= |format= |work=
|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]
|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]
|pages= |language= |doi= |quote=}}
|pages= |language= |doi= |quote=}}
</ref>
</ref>


==Action Anthropology==
==Action Anthropology==
Sol Tax is known as a founder of "Action Anthropology", a school of anthropological thought that forwent the traditional doctrine of non-interference in favor of co-equal goals of "learning and helping" from studied cultures.<ref name=Hinshaw-1980>{{cite book|last=Hinshaw|first=Robert A.|title=Currents in Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Sol Tax|year=1980|publisher=de Gruyter.|location=USA|isbn=3111794741 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RlUTZP1b7YYC&lpg=PA516&ots=kEpIUj-q9N&dq=non-interference%20anthropologist&pg=PA516#v=onepage&q=non-interference%20anthropologist&f=false}}</ref>
Sol Tax is known as a founder of "Action Anthropology", a school of anthropological thought that forwent the traditional doctrine of non-interference in favor of co-equal goals of "learning and helping" from studied cultures.<ref name="Hinshaw-1980">{{cite book|last=Hinshaw|first=Robert A.|title=Currents in Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Sol Tax|year=1980|publisher=de Gruyter.|location=USA|isbn=978-3-11-179474-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RlUTZP1b7YYC&lpg=PA516&ots=kEpIUj-q9N&dq=non-interference%20anthropologist&pg=PA516#v=onepage&q=non-interference%20anthropologist&f=false}}</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
*(1937, revised 1955) contributions to ''Social Anthropology of North American Tribes,'' ed. by Fred Eggan. Chicago: [[University of Chicago Press]].
*(1937, revised 1955) contributions to ''Social Anthropology of North American Tribes,'' ed. by Fred Eggan. Chicago: [[University of Chicago Press]].
* [http://www.transactionpub.com/title/Doing-Fieldwork-978-0-7658-0735-9.html''Rubinstein, Robert A., ed. 2001. ''Doing Fieldwork: The Correspondence of Robert Redfield and Sol Tax,'' New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.]
* [http://www.transactionpub.com/title/Doing-Fieldwork-978-0-7658-0735-9.html''Rubinstein, Robert A., ed. 2001. ''Doing Fieldwork: The Correspondence of Robert Redfield and Sol Tax,'' New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.]
*(1953, revised 1972) ''Penny Capitalism; a Guatemalan Indian economy'' {{ISBN|0-374-97785-2}}. Tax is said to have coined the term '[[Penny capitalism]]'.<ref name=penny>{{cite web |url=http://www4.ncsu.edu/~twallace/Guate2003%20LaShone%20Gibson.pdf |title=Ethnographic Field School in Guatemala - May 27, 2011 - July 2011 |publisher=faculty.chass.ncsu.edu |accessdate=21 October 2010 }}</ref>
*(1953, revised 1972) ''Penny Capitalism; a Guatemalan Indian economy'' {{ISBN|978-0-374-97785-6}}. Tax is said to have coined the term '[[Penny capitalism]]'.<ref name="penny">{{cite web |url=http://www4.ncsu.edu/~twallace/Guate2003%20LaShone%20Gibson.pdf |title=Ethnographic Field School in Guatemala - May 27, 2011 - July 2011 |publisher=faculty.chass.ncsu.edu |accessdate=21 October 2010 }}</ref>
*(1988) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000245''Pride and Puzzlement: A Retro-introspective Record of 60 Years of Anthropology''] [[Annual Review of Anthropology]]
*(1988) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000245''Pride and Puzzlement: A Retro-introspective Record of 60 Years of Anthropology''] [[Annual Review of Anthropology]]


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==External links==
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090706003901/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/tax4805.pdf Sol Tax - Fort Berthold Action Anthropology Project], National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090706003901/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/tax4805.pdf Sol Tax - Fort Berthold Action Anthropology Project], National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090706004226/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/tax4802.pdf Sol Tax - Fox field notes and Fox Project records 1932-1959], National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090706004226/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/tax4802.pdf Sol Tax - Fox field notes and Fox Project records 1932–1959], National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
* [http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology]
* [http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950119/tax.shtml Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology]
* Tax, Sol. 1963. [https://archive.org/details/publication161953smit Penny Capitalism: A Guatemalan Indian Economy]. The University of Chicago Press.
* Tax, Sol. 1963. [https://archive.org/details/publication161953smit Penny Capitalism: A Guatemalan Indian Economy]. The University of Chicago Press.


{{AAA Presidents|state=uncollapsed}}
{{American Anthropological Association presidents|state=uncollapsed}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:University of Chicago faculty]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Writers from Milwaukee]]
[[Category:Writers from Milwaukee]]

Revision as of 09:10, 26 September 2019

Sol Tax
Born(1907-10-30)30 October 1907
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died4 January 1995(1995-01-04) (aged 87)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin (Ph.B, 1931)[1]
University of Chicago (Ph.D, 1935)[1]
Known forFox Indians
AwardsViking Fund Medal (1961)
Bronislaw Malinowski Award (1977)
Scientific career
Fieldsanthropology

Sol Tax (30 October 1907 – 4 January 1995) was an American anthropologist. He is best known for creating action anthropology and his studies of the Meskwaki, or Fox, Indians, for "action-anthropological" research titled the Fox Project, and for founding the academic journal Current Anthropology. He received his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1935 and, together with Fred Eggan, was a student of Alfred Radcliffe-Brown.

Tax grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. During his formative years he was involved in a number of social clubs. Among these was the Newsboys Republic with which his first encounter was when he was "arrested" for breaking their rules. Tax began his undergraduate education at the University of Chicago but had to leave for lack of funds. He returned to school at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he studied with Ralph Linton. He later taught at the University of Chicago. Tax was a mentor to noted anthropologist Joan Ablon at the University of Chicago.

He was the main organizer for the 1959 Darwin Centennial Celebration held at the University of Chicago.

He was an organizer, along with the National Congress of American Indians, for the 1961 American Indian Chicago Conference. He assisted in authoring the resulting Statement of Indian Purpose, the first major statement of the policy of tribal self-determination.

The American Anthropological Association presented to him and Bela Maday its Franz Boas award for exemplary service to anthropology in 1977. He was the association's president in 1959.[2][3]

Action Anthropology

Sol Tax is known as a founder of "Action Anthropology", a school of anthropological thought that forwent the traditional doctrine of non-interference in favor of co-equal goals of "learning and helping" from studied cultures.[4]

Works

  • (1937, revised 1955) contributions to Social Anthropology of North American Tribes, ed. by Fred Eggan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Rubinstein, Robert A., ed. 2001. Doing Fieldwork: The Correspondence of Robert Redfield and Sol Tax, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
  • (1953, revised 1972) Penny Capitalism; a Guatemalan Indian economy ISBN 978-0-374-97785-6. Tax is said to have coined the term 'Penny capitalism'.[5]
  • (1988) Pride and Puzzlement: A Retro-introspective Record of 60 Years of Anthropology Annual Review of Anthropology

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Obituary: Sol Tax, Anthropology". Chicago Chronicle. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology". American Anthropological Association. 2008-10-27. Archived from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2008-10-31. The Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology, formerly the Distinguished Service Award, was established in 1976. This award is presented annually by the Association to its members whose careers demonstrate extraordinary achievements that have well served the anthropological profession. Service to the Association is commonly recognized, as are outstanding applications of anthropological knowledge to improving the human condition. Great teachers of anthropology at all levels have received this award. Although the activities of the recipients will vary from year to year, all awardees have made many sacrifices, usually without personal reward, and sometimes against personal safety. They have all used anthropology for the benefit of others. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Franz Boas Award for Exemplary Service to Anthropology". American Anthropological Association. 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2008-10-31. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Hinshaw, Robert A. (1980). Currents in Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Sol Tax. USA: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-179474-7.
  5. ^ "Ethnographic Field School in Guatemala - May 27, 2011 - July 2011" (PDF). faculty.chass.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
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