Breconshire (UK Parliament constituency): Difference between revisions
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== Elections== |
== Elections== |
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|decade1 = 1840s |
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|decade2 = 1850s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1850s|1850s]] – |
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|decade3 = 1860s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1860s|1860s]] – |
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|decade4 = 1870s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1870s|1870s]] – |
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|decade5 = 1880s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1880s|1880s]] – |
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|decade6 = 1890s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1890s|1890s]] – |
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|decade7 = 1900s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1900s|1900s]] – |
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|decade8 = 1910s |
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[[#Elections_in_the_1910s|1910s]] – |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[#References|References]] – |
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[[#Notes|Notes]] |
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===Elections in the 1840s=== |
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{{Election box begin | title=[[1841 United Kingdom general election|General election 1841]]: Breconshire<ref name="craig1832"/> |
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}} |
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{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|candidate = [[Thomas Wood (1777–1860)|Thomas Wood]] |
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}} |
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{{Election box registered electors| |
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|reg. electors = 2,830 |
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}} |
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{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |
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|winner = Conservative Party (UK) |
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}} |
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{{Election box end}} |
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{{Election box begin | title=[[1847 United Kingdom general election|General election 1847]]: Breconshire<ref name="craig1832"/> |
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}} |
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{{Election box candidate unopposed with party link| |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|candidate = [[Sir Joseph Bailey, 1st Baronet|Joseph Bailey]] |
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}} |
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{{Election box registered electors| |
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|reg. electors = 2,548 |
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}} |
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{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |
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|winner = Conservative Party (UK) |
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}} |
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{{Election box end}} |
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===Elections in the 1850s=== |
===Elections in the 1850s=== |
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Revision as of 22:44, 13 August 2019
| Breconshire | |
|---|---|
| Former county constituency for the House of Commons | |
| 1542–1918 | |
| Seats | one |
| Replaced by | Brecon and Radnor |
Breconshire or Brecknockshire was a constituency in Wales which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the English Parliament, and later to the Parliament of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom, between 1542 and 1918. (Historically, the "-shire" suffix was often omitted, leading to potential confusion with the Brecon borough constituency, which existed until 1885.)
History
Like the rest of Wales, Breconshire was given the right to representation by the Act of Union 1536, and first returned an MP to the Parliament of 1542. The constituency consisted of the historic county of Brecknockshire. (Although the county town, Brecon, was a borough which elected an MP in its own right, it was not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election.) The county elected one MP, who was chosen by the first past the post electoral system — when there was a contest at all, which was rare.
As in other county constituencies, the franchise until 1832 was defined by the Forty Shilling Freeholder Act, which gave the right to vote to every man who possessed freehold property within the county valued at £2 or more per year for the purposes of land tax; it was not necessary for the freeholder to occupy his land, nor even in later years to be resident in the county at all. At the time of the Great Reform Act in 1832, Breconshire had a population of approximately 47,800, but the rarity of contested elections makes it difficult to make a reliable estimate of the number qualified to vote; the greatest number ever recorded as voting before the Reform Act was 1,641 at the general election of 1818.
For centuries before 1832, Breconshire politics was dominated by the Morgan family of Tredegar, who were usually able to nominate the county's MP without opposition (as was also the case in Brecon borough). The changes introduced by the Reform Act did little to shake this hold, and a Morgan was still sitting unopposed in the 1860s. The Reform Act extended the county franchise slightly, allowing tenants-at-will, copyholders and leaseholders to vote, but Breconshire's electorate was still only 1,668 at the first post-Reform election, though it grew in the subsequent half-century.
Breconshire was always an almost entirely rural constituency, mountainous and offering poor resources for its agricultural population. The industrial revolution, however, brought coal-mining to the south of the county, and by the late 19th century this was much the most important economic activity and was probably the most important factor in its developing a political mind of its own. By the 1890s it had abandoned its loyalty to the (Conservative) Morgans, and like other industrial constituencies in Wales was a safe Liberal seat.
By the time of the 1911 census, the population of Breconshire was 63,036, and there were around 13,000 voters on the register around the outbreak of the First World War, a respectable size, but neighbouring Radnorshire with barely 6,000 voters was too small to survive. With effect from the 1918 general election, the two constituencies were merged, to form a new Brecon and Radnor constituency.
Members of Parliament
|
MPs 1542-1640 — MPs 1640-1918 — Elections — References — Notes |
MPs 1542–1640
| Parliament | Member |
|---|---|
| 1545 | John Games (or ap Morgan) [1] |
| 1547 | Sir John Price [1] |
| 1553 (Mar) | Sir Roger Vaughan[1] |
| 1553 (Oct) | Sir Roger Vaughan[1] |
| 1554 (Apr) | Sir Roger Vaughan[1] |
| 1554 (Nov) | Rhys Vaughan[1] |
| 1558 | Watkin (or Walter) Herbert[1] |
| 1559 (Jan) | Sir Roger Vaughan[2] |
| 1562 (Dec) | Rowland Vaughan, died and replaced 1566 by Matthew Arundell[2] |
| 1571 | Sir Roger Vaughan [2] |
| 1572 | Thomas Games [2] |
| 1584 (Nov) | Thomas Games [2] |
| 1586 | Thomas Games [2] |
| 1588–1589 | Sir Robert Knollys [2] |
| 1593 | Sir Robert Knollys [2] |
| 1597 (Sep) | Sir Robert Knollys [2] |
| 1601 (Oct) | Sir Robert Knollys [2] |
| 1614 | Sir Charles Vaughan |
| 1621 | Sir Henry Williams |
| 1625 | Sir Charles Vaughan |
| 1626 | John Price |
| 1628 | Henry Williams |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned |
MPs 1640–1918
Elections
| Decades: |
Elections in the 1840s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Thomas Wood | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,830 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Joseph Bailey | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,548 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
Elections in the 1850s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Joseph Bailey | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,779 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Joseph Bailey | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,609 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
Bailey's death caused a by-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Godfrey Morgan | Unopposed | |||
| Conservative hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Godfrey Morgan | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,688 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
Elections in the 1860s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Godfrey Morgan | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 2,409 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Godfrey Morgan | Unopposed | |||
| Registered electors | 3,644 | ||||
| Conservative hold | |||||
Elections in the 1870s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Godfrey Morgan | 1,594 | 60.6 | N/A | |
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | 1,036 | 39.4 | N/A | |
| Majority | 558 | 21.2 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 2,630 | 73.6 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 3,574 | ||||
| Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Morgan succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Tredegar.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | 1,710 | 51.6 | +12.2 | |
| Conservative | Howel Gwyn | 1,607 | 48.4 | −12.2 | |
| Majority | 103 | 3.1 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 3,317 | 77.9 | +4.3 | ||
| Registered electors | 4,256 | ||||
| Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +12.2 | |||
Elections in the 1880s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | 1,810 | 53.9 | +14.5 | |
| Conservative | Arthur John Morgan | 1,550 | 46.1 | −14.5 | |
| Majority | 260 | 7.7 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 3,360 | 80.1 | +6.5 | ||
| Registered electors | 4,195 | ||||
| Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +14.5 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | 4,784 | 59.3 | +5.4 | |
| Conservative | Arthur John Morgan | 3,282 | 40.7 | −5.4 | |
| Majority | 1,502 | 18.6 | +10.9 | ||
| Turnout | 8,066 | 84.7 | +4.6 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,520 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | +5.4 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | Unopposed | |||
| Liberal hold | |||||
Elections in the 1890s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | William Fuller-Maitland | 4,676 | 57.8 | N/A | |
| Conservative | Thomas Wood | 3,418 | 42.2 | N/A | |
| Majority | 1,258 | 15.6 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 8,094 | 76.7 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 10,551 | ||||
| Liberal hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Charles Morley | 4,594 | 55.9 | −1.9 | |
| Conservative | Thomas Wood | 3,631 | 44.1 | +1.9 | |
| Majority | 963 | 11.8 | −3.8 | ||
| Turnout | 8,225 | 75.8 | −0.9 | ||
| Registered electors | 10,849 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | -1.9 | |||
Elections in the 1900s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Charles Morley | Unopposed | |||
| Liberal hold | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Sidney Robinson | 5,776 | 62.3 | N/A | |
| Conservative | Robert Devereux | 3,499 | 37.7 | N/A | |
| Majority | 2,277 | 24.6 | N/A | ||
| Turnout | 9,275 | 75.8 | N/A | ||
| Registered electors | 12,235 | ||||
| Liberal hold | |||||
Elections in the 1910s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Sidney Robinson | 6,335 | 62.1 | −0.2 | |
| Conservative | Robert Devereux | 3,865 | 37.9 | +0.2 | |
| Majority | 2,470 | 24.2 | −0.4 | ||
| Turnout | 75.9 | +0.1 | |||
| Liberal hold | Swing | -0.2 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Sidney Robinson | 5,511 | 60.3 | −1.8 | |
| Conservative | John Conway Lloyd | 3,631 | 39.7 | +1.8 | |
| Majority | 1,880 | 20.6 | −3.6 | ||
| Turnout | 68.1 | −7.8 | |||
| Liberal hold | Swing | -1.8 | |||
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2011-08-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Parliament". Retrieved 2011-08-30.
- ^ Adopted the surname Morgan in 1792
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
- ^ "Breconshire Election - Liberal Victory". Worcestershire Chronicle. 22 May 1875. Retrieved 5 October 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g h British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
Notes
- D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
- Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [1]
- The Constitutional Year Book for 1913 (London: National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, 1913)
- F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
- Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections 1885-1910 (London: Macmillan, 1967)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 5)