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The '''Junkers Ju 352 ''Herkules''''' ("[[Hercules]]" in [[German language|German]]) was a German [[World War II]] transport aircraft that was developed from the [[Junkers Ju 252]].<ref name="Kay">Kay, Antony L. & J.R. Smith. ''German Aircraft of the Second World War.'' London: Putnam, 2002. 220.</ref>
The '''Junkers Ju 352 ''Herkules''''' ("[[Hercules]]" in [[German language|German]]) was a German [[World War II]] transport aircraft that was developed from the [[Junkers Ju 252]].<ref name="Smith"/>


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
During the late spring of 1942, the Junkers-Dessau project office was instructed by the [[Reich Air Ministry]] (RLM) to investigate the possibility of redesigning the structure of the Junkers Ju 252 transport to make maximum use of non-strategic materials,<ref name="JK">Kay, Antonty L. & Paul Couper. ''Junkers Aircraft and Engines, 1913–1945.'' London: Putnam, 2004. 229.</ref> replacing the [[Junkers Jumo 211]]F engines of the Ju 252 with [[Bramo 323]]R radial engines.<ref name="JK"/> The result followed closely the aerodynamic design of the Ju 252 but was an entirely new aircraft. The wing of the Ju 352 was similar in outline to that of the Ju 252 but, mounted further aft on the fuselage, was entirely of wooden construction. The Ju 352 also had a similar ''Trapoklappe'' ("Transportklappe", rear loading ramp) to that of the Ju 252. The ramp allowed the loading of vehicles or freight into the cargo hold while holding the fuselage level.<ref name="Kay"/>
During the late spring of 1942, the Junkers-Dessau project office was instructed by the [[Reich Air Ministry]] (RLM) to investigate the possibility of redesigning the structure of the Junkers Ju 252 transport to make maximum use of non-strategic materials,<ref name="JK"/> replacing the [[Junkers Jumo 211]]F engines of the Ju 252 with [[Bramo 323]]R radial engines.<ref name="JK"/> The result followed closely the aerodynamic design of the Ju 252 but was an entirely new aircraft. The wing of the Ju 352 was similar in outline to that of the Ju 252 but, mounted further aft on the fuselage, was entirely of wooden construction. The Ju 352 also had a similar ''Trapoklappe'' ("Transportklappe", rear loading ramp) to that of the Ju 252. The ramp allowed the loading of vehicles or freight into the cargo hold while holding the fuselage level.<ref name="Smith"/>


In general, the Ju 352 was considered a major improvement over the original [[Junkers Ju 52]] but noticeably inferior to the [[Junkers Ju 252]].<ref name="AL">LePage, Jean-Denis G.G. ''Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945: An Illustrated History.'' Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2009. 341.</ref> Deliveries of the Ju 352 had only just begun to get into their stride when, during the summer of 1944, the worsening war situation resulted in the decision to abandon further production of transport aircraft. In September the last two Ju 352As rolled off the assembly line, 10 pre-production Ju 352s and 33 production Ju 352s having been manufactured.<ref name="AL"/> Several developments of the basic design were proposed before production was halted, these including the Ju 352B with more powerful engines and increased defensive armament.
In general, the Ju 352 was considered a major improvement over the original [[Junkers Ju 52]] but noticeably inferior to the [[Junkers Ju 252]].<ref name="AL">LePage, Jean-Denis G.G. ''Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945: An Illustrated History.'' Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2009. 341.</ref> Deliveries of the Ju 352 had only just begun to get into their stride when, during the summer of 1944, the worsening war situation resulted in the decision to abandon further production of transport aircraft. In September the last two Ju 352As rolled off the assembly line, 10 pre-production Ju 352s and 33 production Ju 352s having been manufactured.<ref name="AL"/> Several developments of the basic design were proposed before production was halted, these including the Ju 352B with more powerful engines and increased defensive armament.
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*One Letov-built aircraft was presented to the Soviet Union in 1946.
*One Letov-built aircraft was presented to the Soviet Union in 1946.


==Specifications (Ju 352A)==
==Specifications (Ju 352A-1)==
{{Aircraft specifications
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945<ref name="JK">{{cite book |last1=Kay |first1=Anthony L. |title=Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945 |date=2004 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |location=London |isbn=0851779859 |page=229-231 |edition=1st}}</ref>, German aircraft of the Second World War<ref name="Smith">{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=J.R. |last2=Kay |first2=Anthony L. |title=German aircraft of the Second World War |date=1990 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0851778364 |edition=7th impression |pages=448-450}}</ref>, The warplanes of the Third Reich<ref name=Green>{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |title=The warplanes of the Third Reich |date=1972 |publisher=Doubleday |location=London |isbn=0385057822 |pages=512-514 |edition=1st}}</ref>
|plane or copter?=plane
|prime units?=met
|jet or prop?=prop
<!--
|ref=<ref name="JK"/>
General characteristics
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|crew=3–4
|crew=3–4
|capacity=
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|length m=24.2
|payload main=
|span m=34.2
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|height m=5.74
|length main=24.60 m
|wing area sqm=121.5
|length alt=80 ft 8½ in
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|span main=34.20 m
|span alt=112 ft 2¾ in
|height main=5.74 m
|height alt=18 ft 10¼ in
|area main=128.20 m²
|area alt=1,379.90 ft²
|airfoil=
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=12,500 kg
|empty weight kg=12500
|empty weight alt=27,561 lb
|gross weight kg=19520
|loaded weight main=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|3255|l|USgal impgal}} in three wing tanks
|loaded weight alt=
:::or {{cvt|2910|l|USgal impgal}} in two wing tanks with {{cvt|1800|l|USgal impgal}} in auxiliary outer wing tanks
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main=19,600 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=43,216 lb
|more general=
|more general=
<!--
|engine (prop)=BMW [[Bramo 323]] R-2 ''Fafnir''
Powerplant
|type of prop=9-cylinder radial engine
-->
|number of props=3
|eng1 number=3
|power main=735.5 kW,
|eng1 name=[[BMW-Bramo 323 R-2 Fafnir]]
|power alt=986 hp,
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines
|power original=1,000 PS
|eng1 hp=1000
|power more= 883 kW (1,200 PS, 1,184 hp) with MW-50
|eng1 note=at 2,500 rpm for take-off on 'B4 [[87 octane]] fuel</br>
|max speed main=370 km/h
:::{{cvt|1200|hp|order=flip}} at 2,600 rpm for emergency boost, or take-off, with 'C3' [[96 octane]] fuel from an auxiliary fuel system
|max speed alt=230 mph

|max speed more=at 5,050 m (16,565 ft)
|prop blade number=3
|cruise speed main=241 km/h
|prop name=VDM wooden reversible-pitch constant-speed propellers
|cruise speed alt=150 mph
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|stall speed main=
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|stall speed alt=
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|never exceed speed main=
|prop dia note=
|never exceed speed alt=
<!--
|range main=1,800 km
Performance
|range alt=1,120 miles
-->
|ceiling main=6,000 m
|max speed kmh=330
|ceiling alt=19,685 ft
|max speed note=at {{cvt|4000|m}}
|climb rate main=
|cruise speed kmh=240
|climb rate alt=
|stall speed kmh=
|loading main=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|loading alt=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|range km=1800
|combat range km=
|ferry range km=2980
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6000
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|thrust/weight=

|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns=
|guns=
** 1 x [[MG 151 cannon]] in dorsal turret
** 1 x {{cvt|20|mm|3}} [[MG 151/20 cannon]] in the 'EDL 131' or 'HD 151/2' dorsal turret
** 2 x [[MG 131 machine gun]]s in side windows
** 2 x [[MG 131 machine gun]]s in side windows
|bombs=
|rockets=
|missiles=
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
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|avionics=
|avionics=
}}
}}

Revision as of 03:24, 26 April 2019

Ju 352
Role Transport
National origin Nazi Germany
Manufacturer Junkers
Designer Konrad Eicholtz
First flight 18 August 1943
Primary user Luftwaffe
Number built 50 [1]
Developed from Junkers Ju 252

The Junkers Ju 352 Herkules ("Hercules" in German) was a German World War II transport aircraft that was developed from the Junkers Ju 252.[2]

Design and development

During the late spring of 1942, the Junkers-Dessau project office was instructed by the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) to investigate the possibility of redesigning the structure of the Junkers Ju 252 transport to make maximum use of non-strategic materials,[3] replacing the Junkers Jumo 211F engines of the Ju 252 with Bramo 323R radial engines.[3] The result followed closely the aerodynamic design of the Ju 252 but was an entirely new aircraft. The wing of the Ju 352 was similar in outline to that of the Ju 252 but, mounted further aft on the fuselage, was entirely of wooden construction. The Ju 352 also had a similar Trapoklappe ("Transportklappe", rear loading ramp) to that of the Ju 252. The ramp allowed the loading of vehicles or freight into the cargo hold while holding the fuselage level.[2]

In general, the Ju 352 was considered a major improvement over the original Junkers Ju 52 but noticeably inferior to the Junkers Ju 252.[4] Deliveries of the Ju 352 had only just begun to get into their stride when, during the summer of 1944, the worsening war situation resulted in the decision to abandon further production of transport aircraft. In September the last two Ju 352As rolled off the assembly line, 10 pre-production Ju 352s and 33 production Ju 352s having been manufactured.[4] Several developments of the basic design were proposed before production was halted, these including the Ju 352B with more powerful engines and increased defensive armament.

Operators

 Czechoslovakia
 Germany
 Soviet Union
  • One Letov-built aircraft was presented to the Soviet Union in 1946.

Specifications (Ju 352A-1)

Data from Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945[3], German aircraft of the Second World War[2], The warplanes of the Third Reich[5]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3–4
  • Length: 24.2 m (79 ft 5 in)
  • Wingspan: 34.2 m (112 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 5.74 m (18 ft 10 in)
  • Wing area: 121.5 m2 (1,308 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 12,500 kg (27,558 lb)
  • Gross weight: 19,520 kg (43,034 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 3,255 L (860 US gal; 716 imp gal) in three wing tanks
or 2,910 L (770 US gal; 640 imp gal) in two wing tanks with 1,800 L (480 US gal; 400 imp gal) in auxiliary outer wing tanks
890 kW (1,200 hp) at 2,600 rpm for emergency boost, or take-off, with 'C3' 96 octane fuel from an auxiliary fuel system
  • Propellers: 3-bladed VDM wooden reversible-pitch constant-speed propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 330 km/h (210 mph, 180 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
  • Cruise speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn)
  • Range: 1,800 km (1,100 mi, 970 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 2,980 km (1,850 mi, 1,610 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)

Armament

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers.
  1. ^ 43 by Junkers at Fritzlar and seven in Czechoslovakia by Letov
  2. ^ a b c Smith, J.R.; Kay, Anthony L. (1990). German aircraft of the Second World War (7th impression ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 448–450. ISBN 0851778364.
  3. ^ a b c Kay, Anthony L. (2004). Junkers aircraft and engines, 1913-1945 (1st ed.). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. p. 229-231. ISBN 0851779859.
  4. ^ a b LePage, Jean-Denis G.G. Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945: An Illustrated History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2009. 341.
  5. ^ Green, William (1972). The warplanes of the Third Reich (1st ed.). London: Doubleday. pp. 512–514. ISBN 0385057822.
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