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== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Jeanne Labourbe was born in [[Lapalisse]], a small town South-East of [[Allier]], where she worked from an early age at a laundry. Her father, Claude Labourbe, and her mother, Marie Labbé, had 5 children, of which Jeanne was the third. Since the bloody uprising of Lapalisse against the [[French coup d'état of 1851|coup d'état of 1851]], a strong feeling of republicanism and social justice was deep rooted in the region. It was the icnredible political commitment of [[Louis-Simon Dereure]], one of the first leaders of the [[International Workingmen's Association]] and member of the [[Paris Commune]], that inspired Labourbe's political trajectory.
Jeanne Labourbe was born in [[Lapalisse]], a small town South-East of [[Allier]], where she worked from a young age at a laundry. Her father, Claude Labourbe, and her mother, Marie Labbé, had 5 children together, of which Jeanne was the third. Since the bloody uprising of Lapalisse against the [[French coup d'état of 1851|coup d'état of 1851]], a strong feeling of republicanism and social justice was deep rooted in the region. It was the incredible political commitment of [[Louis-Simon Dereure]], one of the first leaders of the [[International Workingmen's Association]] and a member of the [[Paris Commune]], that inspired Labourbe's political trajectory.


In 1896, aged 19, Labourbe found a job offer to be a French reader in [[Poland]], which was still a part of the [[Russian Empire]] at the time. She decided to leave for Poland and was hired as a governess and reader of French for a Polish family from [[Tomaszów Mazowiecki]].
In 1894, aged 17, Labourbe found a job offer to be a French reader in [[Poland]], which was still a part of the [[Russian Empire]] at the time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr/spip.php?article114903|title=LABOURBE Jeanne [LABOURBE Marie dite Jeanne] - Maitron|website=maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr|access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> She decided to leave for Poland and was hired as a governess and French reader for a Polish family from [[Tomaszów Mazowiecki]].


After several years, she became a teacher and joined the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] at the time of the [[1905 Russian Revolution]]. In 1917, she participated in the [[October Revolution]] and, on 30 August, 1918, she founded the French Communist Group in Moscow<ref>Poulat, E. (1979). ''Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions,'' ''24''(47.2), 313-314. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/30124697</nowiki></ref> alongside [[Jacques Sadoul (politician)|Jacques Sadoul]], [[Pierre Pascal (politician)|Pierre Pascal]] and [[Inessa Armand]].
After several years, she became a teacher and joined the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] at the time of the [[1905 Russian Revolution]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1917, she participated in the [[October Revolution]] and, on 30 August, 1918, she founded the French Communist Group in Moscow<ref>Poulat, E. (1979). ''Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions,'' ''24''(47.2), 313-314. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/30124697</nowiki></ref> alongside [[Jacques Sadoul (politician)|Jacques Sadoul]], [[Pierre Pascal (politician)|Pierre Pascal]] and [[Inessa Armand]].<ref>Nivat, G. (2010). La rencontre franco-russe au XIX e siècle. ''Esprit (1940-),'' (369 (11)), 63-71. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/24269971</nowiki></ref><ref>Lejeune, D. (1987). Les missions de la SFIO dans la Russie de 1917. ''Revue Historique,'' ''278''(2 (564)), 373-386. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/40954603</nowiki></ref>
[[File:Jeanne Labourbe 1977.jpg|thumb|[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Jeanne Labourbe.]]
[[File:Jeanne Labourbe 1977.jpg|thumb|[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Jeanne Labourbe.]]
[[Georges Clemenceau]], supporting the ideals of the Russian counter-revolutionaries, sent a squadron of the french maritime fleet to Odessa, looking to militarily suppress the spread of mutinies in the Black Sea. When Jeanne Labourbe found out about the landings, 18 December, 1918, she volunteered to help the port city in a policy of propaganda and defence of the Bolshevik Revolution. In particular, she published a ''Le Communiste'' newsletter, written in French, for the French forces.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Un ouvrier limousin au cœur de la révolution russe|last=Body|first=Marcel|publisher=éditions Spartacus|year=1986|isbn=|location=|pages=88}}</ref> However, despite their efforts, the city of Odessa fell to the influence of the [[White movement|White Russians]]. The police raided a Bolshevik committee meeting on 2 March, 1919, attended by Labourbe, and opened fire on the ten militants present, who were all tortured and executed.
[[Georges Clemenceau]], supporting the ideals of the Russian counter-revolutionaries, sent a squadron of the french maritime fleet to Odessa, looking to militarily suppress the spread of mutinies in the Black Sea. When Jeanne Labourbe found out about the landings, 18 December, 1918, she volunteered to help the port city in a policy of propaganda and defence of the Bolshevik Revolution. In particular, she published a ''Le Communiste'' newsletter, written in French, directed at the French forces.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Un ouvrier limousin au cœur de la révolution russe|last=Body|first=Marcel|publisher=éditions Spartacus|year=1986|isbn=|location=|pages=88}}</ref> However, despite their efforts, the city of Odessa fell to the influence of the [[White movement|White Russians]]. The police raided a Bolshevik committee meeting, 2 March, 1919, which was attended by Labourbe, and opened fire on the ten militants present, who were tortured and executed.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Roberts, J. (1997). ''The English Historical Review,'' ''112''(449), 1352-1352. Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/577243</nowiki></ref>


== Tributes ==
== Tributes ==
Line 45: Line 45:
* François Bonnet, ''Des vies en Révolution, ces destins saisis par Octobre 17.'' Médiapart. Don Quichotte Editions, 2017.
* François Bonnet, ''Des vies en Révolution, ces destins saisis par Octobre 17.'' Médiapart. Don Quichotte Editions, 2017.
* Bernard Lecomte, ''Histoire du communisme pour les nuls.'' ( Un portrait : Jeanne Labourbe ), Edition First, Paris, October, 2017.
* Bernard Lecomte, ''Histoire du communisme pour les nuls.'' ( Un portrait : Jeanne Labourbe ), Edition First, Paris, October, 2017.
* Jean Maitron, "Notice LABOURBE Jeanne (LABOURBE Marie dite Jeanne)" [[http://maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr/spip.php?article114903 read online]].


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Revision as of 06:30, 3 March 2019

Jeanne Labourbe
Born8 April, 1877
Lapalisse
Died2 March, 1919 (41 years old)
Odessa
Resting place2nd Christian Cemetery in Odessa
NationalityFrench
OccupationPolitician

Jeanne Marie Labourbe (1877—1919) was a French Bolshevik and activist who participated in the October Revolution. She died in 1919 in Odessa, executed by the police as ordered by the White Russians.

Biography

Jeanne Labourbe was born in Lapalisse, a small town South-East of Allier, where she worked from a young age at a laundry. Her father, Claude Labourbe, and her mother, Marie Labbé, had 5 children together, of which Jeanne was the third. Since the bloody uprising of Lapalisse against the coup d'état of 1851, a strong feeling of republicanism and social justice was deep rooted in the region. It was the incredible political commitment of Louis-Simon Dereure, one of the first leaders of the International Workingmen's Association and a member of the Paris Commune, that inspired Labourbe's political trajectory.

In 1894, aged 17, Labourbe found a job offer to be a French reader in Poland, which was still a part of the Russian Empire at the time.[1] She decided to leave for Poland and was hired as a governess and French reader for a Polish family from Tomaszów Mazowiecki.

After several years, she became a teacher and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party at the time of the 1905 Russian Revolution.[1] In 1917, she participated in the October Revolution and, on 30 August, 1918, she founded the French Communist Group in Moscow[2] alongside Jacques Sadoul, Pierre Pascal and Inessa Armand.[3][4]

Soviet stamp commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Jeanne Labourbe.

Georges Clemenceau, supporting the ideals of the Russian counter-revolutionaries, sent a squadron of the french maritime fleet to Odessa, looking to militarily suppress the spread of mutinies in the Black Sea. When Jeanne Labourbe found out about the landings, 18 December, 1918, she volunteered to help the port city in a policy of propaganda and defence of the Bolshevik Revolution. In particular, she published a Le Communiste newsletter, written in French, directed at the French forces.[1][5] However, despite their efforts, the city of Odessa fell to the influence of the White Russians. The police raided a Bolshevik committee meeting, 2 March, 1919, which was attended by Labourbe, and opened fire on the ten militants present, who were tortured and executed.[1][6]

Tributes

Several French cities have named a street of theirs "Jeanne Labourbe"; to name some, Lapalisse, Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, Fleury-les-Aubrais, Vierzon, Varennes-Vauzelles, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Tremblay-en-France, Lanester, Montluçon, Fontaine, Saran and Vénissieux.

References

Inline

  1. ^ a b c d "LABOURBE Jeanne [LABOURBE Marie dite Jeanne] - Maitron". maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  2. ^ Poulat, E. (1979). Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions, 24(47.2), 313-314. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30124697
  3. ^ Nivat, G. (2010). La rencontre franco-russe au XIX e siècle. Esprit (1940-), (369 (11)), 63-71. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24269971
  4. ^ Lejeune, D. (1987). Les missions de la SFIO dans la Russie de 1917. Revue Historique, 278(2 (564)), 373-386. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40954603
  5. ^ Body, Marcel (1986). Un ouvrier limousin au cœur de la révolution russe. éditions Spartacus. p. 88.
  6. ^ Roberts, J. (1997). The English Historical Review, 112(449), 1352-1352. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/577243

Bibliography

  • John Reed, Dix jours qui ébranlèrent le monde, Éditions Boni & Liveright, New York, 1919.
  • Jean Fréville, Une révolutionnaire française de la Révolution russe : Jeanne Labourbe. Cahiers de l'Institut Maurice Thorez. N°13. First quartre 1969.
  • Annie Kriegel, Aux origines du communisme français : contribution à l'histoire du mouvement français., Éditions Flammarion, Paris, 1970.
  • Alfred Rosmer, Moscou sous Lénine : les origines du communisme. (see Jeanne Labourbe). Edition F. Maspero, Paris, 1970.
  • Roland Gaucher, Histoire secrète du Parti Communiste Français. 1920-1974. Edition Albin Michel, 1974.
  • Ludmila Zak, Des Français dans la Révolution d'Octobre, Éditions sociales, Paris, 1976.
  • Pierre Pascal, En Communisme : mon journal de Russie. 1918-1921. Volume II. Edition l'Age d'homme. 1977.
  • Jacques Raphaël-Leygues et Jacques Barré, Les mutins de la mer noire - Avril 1919, des marins français se révoltent, Éditions Plon, Paris, 1981.
  • Philippe Masson, La marine et la mer noire 1918-1919. Edition de la Sorbonne, 1982.
  • Marcel Body, Les groupes communistes français de Russie 1918-1922, Edition Allia, Paris, 1988. 2015 reissue.
  • Antoine Perraud, Octobre 17. Jeanne Labourbe, l’institutrice française tuée à Odessa, sur Mediapart, 26 July 2017 [read online].
  • François Bonnet, Des vies en Révolution, ces destins saisis par Octobre 17. Médiapart. Don Quichotte Editions, 2017.
  • Bernard Lecomte, Histoire du communisme pour les nuls. ( Un portrait : Jeanne Labourbe ), Edition First, Paris, October, 2017.
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