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{{unreferenced|date=April 2015}}
⚫
{{Further|Year of the Three Emperors}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2018}}
{{Year in Germany|1888}}
{{Year in Germany|1888}}
Events in the year '''1888 in [[Germany]]'''.
Events in the year '''1888 in [[Germany]]'''.

⚫
"[[Year of the Three Emperors]]"


==Incumbents==
==Incumbents==


===National level===
===National level===
* [[Kaiser]] – [[William I, German Emperor|William I]] to 9 March, then [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]] to 15 June, then [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]]
* [[Kaiser]] — [[William I, German Emperor|William I]] to 9 March, then [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]] to 15 June, then [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]]
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] – [[Otto von Bismarck]]
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] — [[Otto von Bismarck]]


===State level===
===State level===


====Kingdoms====
====Kingdoms====
* [[King of Bavaria]] – [[Otto of Bavaria]]
* [[King of Bavaria]] — [[Otto of Bavaria]]
* [[List of rulers of Prussia|King of Prussia]] – William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II (all Kaisers of the German Empire)
* [[List of rulers of Prussia|King of Prussia]] — William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II (all Kaisers of the German Empire)
* [[King of Saxony]] – [[Albert of Saxony]]
* [[King of Saxony]] — [[Albert of Saxony]]
* [[King of Württemberg]] – [[Charles I of Württemberg]]
* [[King of Württemberg]] — [[Charles I of Württemberg]]


====Grand Duchies====
====Grand Duchies====
* [[Grand Duke of Baden]] – [[Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden|Frederick I]]
* [[Grand Duke of Baden]] — [[Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden|Frederick I]]
* [[Grand Duke of Hesse]] – [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis IV]]
* [[Grand Duke of Hesse]] — [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis IV]]
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] – [[Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis III]]
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] — [[Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis III]]
* [[Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] – [[Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick William]]
* [[Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] — [[Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick William]]
* [[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]] – [[Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Peter II]]
* [[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]] — [[Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Peter II]]
* [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] – [[Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Alexander]]
* [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] — [[Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Alexander]]


====Principalities====
====Principalities====
* [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] – [[Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
* [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] — [[Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] – [[George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] — [[George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] – [[Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] — [[Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]
* [[Principality of Lippe]] – [[Woldemar, Prince of Lippe]]
* [[Principality of Lippe]] — [[Woldemar, Prince of Lippe]]
* [[Reuss Elder Line]] – [[Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz]]
* [[Reuss Elder Line]] — [[Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz]]
* [[Reuss Younger Line]] – [[Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line]]
* [[Reuss Younger Line]] — [[Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line]]
* [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck and Pyrmont]] – [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]
* [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck and Pyrmont]] — [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]


====Duchies====
====Duchies====
* [[Duke of Anhalt]] – [[Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt]]
* [[Duke of Anhalt]] — [[Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt]]
* [[Duke of Brunswick]] – [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)|Prince Albert of Prussia]] (regent)
* [[Duke of Brunswick]] — [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)|Prince Albert of Prussia]] (regent)
* [[Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]] – [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]] — [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] – [[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] — [[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] – [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] — [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]


====Colonial Governors====
====Colonial Governors====
* [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] (Kamerun) – [[Eugen von Zimmerer]] ''(1st term)'' to 17 January, then [[Julius Freiherr von Soden]] ''(2nd term)''
* [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] (Kamerun) — [[Eugen von Zimmerer]] ''(1st term)'' to 17 January, then [[Julius Freiherr von Soden]] ''(2nd term)''
* [[German East Africa]] (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – [[Karl Peters]] ''(administrator)'' to 8 February, then [[Hermann Wissmann]] ''(commissioner)'' ''(1st term)''
* [[German East Africa]] (Deutsch-Ostafrika) — [[Karl Peters]] ''(administrator)'' to 8 February, then [[Hermann Wissmann]] ''(commissioner)'' ''(1st term)''
* [[German New Guinea]] (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – [[Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz]] to 1 March, then [[Reinhold Kraetke]] ''(both [[Landeshauptleute]] of the German New Guinea Company)''
* [[German New Guinea]] (Deutsch-Neuguinea) — [[Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz]] to 1 March, then [[Reinhold Kraetke]] ''(both [[Landeshauptleute]] of the German New Guinea Company)''
* [[German South-West Africa]] (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – [[Heinrich Ernst Göring]] ''(acting commissioner)''
* [[German South-West Africa]] (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) — [[Heinrich Ernst Göring]] ''(acting commissioner)''
* [[Togoland]] – [[Jesko von Puttkamer]] ''(acting commissioner)'' ''(1st term)'' to 17 October, then [[Eugen von Zimmerer]] (commissioner)
* [[Togoland]] — [[Jesko von Puttkamer]] ''(acting commissioner)'' ''(1st term)'' to 17 October, then [[Eugen von Zimmerer]] (commissioner)
* [[Wituland]] (Deutsch-Witu) – [[Gustav Denhardt]] ''(resident)''
* [[Wituland]] (Deutsch-Witu) — [[Gustav Denhardt]] ''(resident)''


==Events==
==Events==
*9 March – Emperor [[Wilhelm I]] dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes [[Friedrich III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]].
*9 March — Emperor [[Wilhelm I]] dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes [[Friedrich III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]].
*16 April – The [[German Empire]] annexes the island of [[Nauru]]
*16 April — The [[German Empire]] annexes the island of [[Nauru]]
*15 June – [[Wilhelm II]] becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, [[Friedrich III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]].
*15 June — [[Wilhelm II]] becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, [[Friedrich III, German Emperor|Friedrich III]].
⚫
*13 December — [[Heinrich Hertz]] presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences
*August – In early August 1888,<ref>Winfried A. Seidel: ''Carl Benz. Eine badische Geschichte''. Edition Diesbach, Weinheim 2005, {{ISBN|3-936468-29-X}}., page 43</ref> without her husband's knowledge, [[Bertha Benz]], with her sons Richard (aged 14) and Eugen (aged 15), drove in Benz's newly constructed [[Benz Patent-Motorwagen|Patent Motorwagen]] No. 3 automobile, from Mannheim to her own birthplace, Pforzheim, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over more than a very short distance
⚫
*13 December – [[Heinrich Hertz]] presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences

===Date unknown===
*[[Karl Benz]], inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission [[driver's licence]] from the [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Grand Ducal]] authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888


==Literature==
==Literature==
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==Music==
==Music==
*[[Johannes Brahms]] – ''[[Violin Sonata No. 3 (Brahms)|Violin Sonata in D Minor]]'' ([[opus number|opus]] 108)
*[[Johannes Brahms]] — ''[[Violin Sonata No. 3 (Brahms)|Violin Sonata in D Minor]]'' ([[opus number|opus]] 108)
*[[Max Reger]] – String Quartet in D minor (with double bass obbligato; without op.) (1888-9)
*[[Max Reger]] — String Quartet in D minor (with double bass obbligato; without op.) (1888-9)
*[[Joseph Rheinberger]] – Organ Sonata No. 12 in D-flat, Op. 154
*[[Joseph Rheinberger]] — Organ Sonata No. 12 in D-flat, Op. 154
*[[Richard Strauss]]
*[[Richard Strauss]]
**''[[Don Juan (Strauss)|Don Juan]]'', ''Macbeth'' (first version)
**''[[Don Juan (Strauss)|Don Juan]]'', ''Macbeth'' (first version)
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==Births==
==Births==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[4 January]] – [[Walther Kossel]], German physicist (died [[1956 in Germany|1956]])
* [[14 January]] — [[Karl Badberger]], architect (date of death unknown)
* [[8 January]] – [[Richard Courant]], German mathematician (died [[1972 in the United States|1972]])
* [[17 February]] — [[Otto Stern]], German physicist and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died [[1969 in the United States|1969]])
* [[14 January]] – [[Karl Badberger]], German architect (date of death unknown)
* [[27 February]] — [[Lotte Lehmann]], German soprano (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
* [[24 January]] – [[Ernst Heinkel]], German aircraft designer (died [[1958 in Germany|1958]])
* [[8 February]] – [[Jakob Kaiser]], German politician (died [[1961 in Germany|1961]])
* [[12 February]] – [[Hans Graf von Sponeck]], German general (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[14 February]] – [[Hermann Reinecke]], Wehrmacht general (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]])
* [[17 February]] – [[Otto Stern]], German physicist and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (died [[1969 in the United States|1969]])
* [[27 February]] – [[Lotte Lehmann]], German soprano (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
* [[12 March]] – [[Hans Knappertsbusch]], German conductor (died [[1965 in Germany|1965]])
* [[14 March]]:
* [[14 March]]:
** [[Peretz Naftali]], German-born Israeli politician (died [[1961 in Israel|1961]])
** [[Peretz Naftali]], German-born Israeli politician (died [[1961 in Israel|1961]])
** [[Hermann Reinecke]], [[Wehrmacht]] general and convicted war criminal (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]])
** [[Hermann Reinecke]], [[Wehrmacht]] general and convicted war criminal (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]])
* [[19 March]] – [[Josef Albers]], German-American artist (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
* [[19 March]] — [[Josef Albers]], German-American artist (died [[1976 in the United States|1976]])
* [[1 April]] – [[Hermann Pünder]], German politician (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* [[17 April]] — [[Herms Niel]], German composer (died [[1954 in Germany|1954]])
* [[6 April]] – [[Hans Richter (artist)|Hans Richter]], German painter and graphic artist (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* [[24 July]] — [[Hermann von Bönninghausen]], German athlete and soldier in World War I (died [[1919 in Germany|1919]])
* [[17 April]] – [[Herms Niel]], German composer (died [[1954 in Germany|1954]])
* [[4 September]] — [[Oskar Schlemmer]], German painter, sculptor and choreographer (died [[1943 in Germany|1943]])
* [[4 May]] – [[Rudolf Arnold Nieberding]], German politician (died [[1912 in Germany|1912]])
* [[20 December]] — [[Yitzhak Baer]], Israeli historian (died [[1980 in Israel|1980]])
* [[12 May]] – [[Fritz Schäffer]], German politician (died [[1967 in Germany|1967]])
* [[13 May]] – [[Alfred Braun]], German actor and film director (died [[1978 in Germany|1978]])
* [[30 June]] – [[Rudolf Amelunxen]], German politician (died [[1969 in Germany|1969]])
* [[11 July]] – [[Carl Schmitt]], German jurist and political theorist (died [[1985 in Germany|1985]])
* [[15 July]] – [[Ernst von Harnack]], German politician (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
* [[24 July]] – [[Hermann von Bönninghausen]], German athlete and soldier in World War I (died [[1919 in Germany|1919]])
* [[27 July]] – [[Prince Oskar of Prussia]], German nobleman (died [[1958 in Germany|1958]])
* [[3 August]] – [[Ferdinand von Lüninck]], German officer (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[30 August]] – [[Walther Penck]], German geologist and geomorphologist (died [[1923 in Germany|1923]])
* [[3 September]] – [[Hans-Friedrich Blunck]], German jurist and writer (died [[1961 in Germany|1961]])
* [[4 September]] – [[Oskar Schlemmer]], German painter, sculptor and choreographer (died [[1943 in Germany|1943]])
* [[29 September]] – [[Michael Graf von Matuschka]], German politician (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[4 October]] – [[Friedrich Olbricht]], German general (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[8 October]] – [[Friedrich Fromm]], German general (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
* [[7 November]] – [[Karl Ritter (director)|Karl Ritter]], German film producer (died [[1977 in Germany|1977]])
* [[11 November]] – [[Hans von Salmuth]], German general (died [[1962 in Germany|1962]])
* [[11 December]] – [[Wilhelm Kühne (aviator)|Wilhelm Kühne]], German pilot (died [[1918 in Germany|1918]])
* [[20 December]] – [[Yitzhak Baer]], Israeli historian (died [[1980 in Israel|1980]])
* [[27 December]] – [[Thea von Harbou]], German actress, novelist and film director (died [[1954 in Germany|1954]])
* [[28 December]] – [[Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau]], German film director (died [[1931 in Germany|1931]])
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Deaths==
==Deaths==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[19 February]] – [[Karl Bartsch]], German medievalist (born [[1832 in Germany|1832]])
* [[9 March]] — [[William I, German Emperor|William I]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1797 in Germany|1797]])
* [[9 March]] – [[William I, German Emperor|William I]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1797 in Germany|1797]])
* [[5 April]] — [[Eduard Karl August Riehm]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1830 in Germany|1830]])
* [[11 March]] – [[Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen]], German mayor and cooperative pioneer.(born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
* [[16 April]] — [[Friedrich Grillo]], German industrialist (born [[1825 in Germany|1825]])
* [[5 April]] – [[Eduard Karl August Riehm]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1830 in Germany|1830]])
* [[15 June]] — [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1831 in Germany|1831]])
* [[16 April]] – [[Friedrich Grillo]], German industrialist (born [[1825 in Germany|1825]])
* [[20 June]] — [[Karl Friedrich August Kahnis]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1814 in Germany|1814]])
* [[15 June]] – [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]], [[Kaiser|Emperor]] of [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[List of rulers of Prussia|King]] of [[Prussia]] (born [[1831 in Germany|1831]])
* [[20 July]] — [[Paul Langerhans]] German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
* [[20 June]] – [[Karl Friedrich August Kahnis]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1814 in Germany|1814]])
* [[23 July]] — [[Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
* [[20 June]] - [[Princess Marie of Prussia (1855–1888)|Princess Marie of Prussia]], Prussian princess (born [[1855 in Germany|1855]])
* [[24 August]] — [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist and mathematician (born [[1822 in Germany|1822]])
* [[4 July]] – [[Theodor Storm]], German writer (born [[1817 in Germany|1817]])
* [[28 August]] — [[Georg Beseler]], German politician and jurist (born [[1809 in Germany|1809]])
* [[20 July]] – [[Paul Langerhans]] German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
* [[12 September]] — [[August von Werder]], German general (born [[1808 in Germany|1808]])
* [[23 July]] – [[Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
* [[3 December]] — [[Carl Zeiss]], German entrepreneur and scientist (born [[1816 in Germany|1816]])
* [[24 August]] – [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist and mathematician (born [[1822 in Germany|1822]])
* [[25 August]] - [[Karl Heine]], German lawyer and entrepreneur (born [[1819 in Germany|1819]])
* [[28 August]] – [[Georg Beseler]], German politician and jurist (born [[1809 in Germany|1809]])
* [[12 September]] – [[August von Werder]], German general (born [[1808 in Germany|1808]])
* [[3 December]] – [[Carl Zeiss]], German entrepreneur and scientist (born [[1816 in Germany|1816]])
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


{{Germany year nav}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1888}}
{{Year in Europe|1888}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:1888 in Germany| ]]
[[Category:1888 in Germany| ]]

Revision as of 02:29, 23 January 2019

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1888
in
Germany

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Decades:
See also:Other events of 1888
History of Germany  • Timeline  • Years

Events in the year 1888 in Germany.

"Year of the Three Emperors"

Incumbents

National level

State level

Kingdoms

Grand Duchies

Principalities

Duchies

Colonial Governors

Events

  • 9 March — Emperor Wilhelm I dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes Friedrich III.
  • 16 April — The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru
  • 15 June — Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, Friedrich III.
  • 13 December — Heinrich Hertz presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences

Literature

Music

Sport

Miscellaneous

Births

Deaths

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