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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
⚫
Cha'palaa has four vowels: /a, e, i, u/.<ref name="journal" /> Cha'palaa has 22 consonant phonemes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:547574/component/escidoc:2166525/Floyd_reduplication_chapalaa.pdf|title=Four Types of Reduplication in the Cha’palaa Language of Ecuador|last=Floyd|first=Simeon|date=|website=|publisher=Voort-Goodwin|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
Cha'palaa has four vowels.<ref name="journal" />
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels
!
!Front
!Back
|-
!Close
|i
|u
|-
!Close-mid
|e
|
|-
!Open
|a
|
|}
⚫
Cha'palaa has 22 consonant phonemes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:547574/component/escidoc:2166525/Floyd_reduplication_chapalaa.pdf|title=Four Types of Reduplication in the Cha’palaa Language of Ecuador|last=Floyd|first=Simeon|date=|website=|publisher=Voort-Goodwin|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants
|+Consonants
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Bilabilal
! rowspan="2" |[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! rowspan="2" |Labiodental
! rowspan="2" |[[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! colspan="2" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |Postalveolar
! rowspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" |Velar
! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
! rowspan="2" |[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
|-
!{{Small|plain}}
!<small>plain</small>
!{{Small|palatalized}}
![[Palatalization (phonetics)|<small>palatalized</small>]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!{{Small|voiceless}}
!<small>voiceless</small>
|p
|p
|
|
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|ʔ
|ʔ
|-
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
!{{Small|voiced}}
|b
|b
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|
|f
|f
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
! colspan="2" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|m
|m
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Approximant
! rowspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
!{{Small|plain}}
!<small>plain</small>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
![[Lateral consonant|<small>lateral</small>]]
!{{Small|lateral}}
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Tap
! colspan="2" |[[Flap consonant|Flap]]
|
|
|
|

Revision as of 04:10, 10 August 2018

Cha’palaa
RegionEcuador
Native speakers
10,000 (2013)[1]
Barbacoan
  • Southern?
    • Cha’palaa
Language codes
ISO 639-3cbi
Glottologchac1249
ELPCha'palaa

Cha'palaa (also known as Chachi or Cayapa) is a Barbacoan language spoken in northern Ecuador by ca. 3000 ethnic Chachi people.

"Cha'palaa" means "language of the Chachi people." This language was described in part by the missionary P. Alberto Vittadello, who, by the time his description was published in Guayaquil, Ecuador in 1988, had lived for seven years among the tribe.

Cha'palaa has agglutinative morphology, with a Subject-Object-Verb word order.

Cha'palaa is written using the Latin alphabet, making use of the following graphemes:

A, B, C, CH, D, DY, E, F, G, GU, HU, I, J, L, LL, M, N, Ñ, P, QU, R, S, SH, T, TS, TY, U, V, Y, and '

The writing system includes four simple vowels, and four double vowels:

Phonology

Cha'palaa has four vowels: /a, e, i, u/.[1] Cha'palaa has 22 consonant phonemes.[2]

Consonants
Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
plain palatalized
Stop voiceless p t tʲ k ʔ
voiced b d dʲ g
Fricative f s ʃ χ
Affricate t͡s t͡ʃ
Nasal m n ɲ
Approximant plain j w
lateral ʎ
Flap ɾ

References

  1. ^ a b Floyd, Simeon (9 June 2015). "Other-initiated repair in Cha'palaa" (PDF). DeGruyter. Open Linguistics. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  2. ^ Floyd, Simeon. "Four Types of Reduplication in the Cha'palaa Language of Ecuador" (PDF). Voort-Goodwin. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)


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