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In front of the headquarters of the Spanish Civil Guard in [[Passeig de Gràcia, Barcelona|Passeig de Gràcia]] a demonstration of 150 people shouted slogans in favour of the police operation, the unity of Spain and against holding a referendum vote. During the demonstration there were clashes with the [[Mossos d'Esquadra]] when the protesters tried to stop the traffic.<ref name="Against">{{cite news |editor= ACN|date= 21 September 2017|title= Més de 150 persones es manifesten a favor de la Guàrdia Civil a la caserna de Travessera de Gràcia |trans-title= More than 150 people demonstrate in favour of the Spanish Civil Guard in the headquarters in Gracia |url= http://elmon.cat/noticia/232668/mes-150-persones-manifesten-favor-guardia-civil-caserna-travessera-gracia |language= Catalan |work= El Món |location= Barcelona |access-date= 23 September 2017}}</ref>
In front of the headquarters of the Spanish Civil Guard in [[Passeig de Gràcia, Barcelona|Passeig de Gràcia]] a demonstration of 150 people shouted slogans in favour of the police operation, the unity of Spain and against holding a referendum vote. During the demonstration there were clashes with the [[Mossos d'Esquadra]] when the protesters tried to stop the traffic.<ref name="Against">{{cite news |editor= ACN|date= 21 September 2017|title= Més de 150 persones es manifesten a favor de la Guàrdia Civil a la caserna de Travessera de Gràcia |trans-title= More than 150 people demonstrate in favour of the Spanish Civil Guard in the headquarters in Gracia |url= http://elmon.cat/noticia/232668/mes-150-persones-manifesten-favor-guardia-civil-caserna-travessera-gracia |language= Catalan |work= El Món |location= Barcelona |access-date= 23 September 2017}}</ref>


An open letter from several members of all parties in the UK parlament expressed their concern "by the measures taken by the Spanish government to prevent the referendum"<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/21/spains-dangerous-bid-to-block-catalan-vote|title=Spain and the Catalan referendum {{!}} Letters|last=Letters|date=2017-09-21|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>. An additional open letter from over a hundred academics of law, human rights and related subjects from the UK and Ireland expressed the same level of concern about the fact "that the level of political repression in Catalonia is of a severity and arbitrary character not experienced since the Franco dictatorship"<ref name=":0" />. The [[Regional Council of Sardinia]] also unanimously approved a motion on 21 September 2017 expressing solidarity with Catalonia and offering to print and store the necessary ballots for the referendum while asking the international community to intervene and ensure that Catalans could vote and decide on their self-determination.<ref>{{cite news |date= 22 September 2017 |title= Sardenya s'ofereix a la Generalitat per facilitar el material del referèndum |trans-title= Sardinia offers to provide referendum material to Generalitat of Catalonia |url= https://dbalears.cat/horitzons/2017/09/22/306223/sardenya-ofereix-generalitat-per-facilitar-material-del-referendum.html |language= Catalan |work= Diari de Balears |location= [[Balearic Islands]] |access-date= 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sardegna/notizie/2017/09/22/catalogna-sit-in-indipendentisti-sardi_9b144a29-4f2d-4e73-b17b-a9bbdd11dc25.html|title=Referendum Catalogna: sit-in indipendentisti sardi a Cagliari|last=|first=|date=22 September 2017|work=Sardinia Post|access-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Sardinia|language=Italian|trans-title=Catalonia referendum: Sardinian independents sit in Cagliari}}</ref>
An open letter from several members of all parties in the UK parliament expressed their concern "by the measures taken by the Spanish government to prevent the referendum"<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/21/spains-dangerous-bid-to-block-catalan-vote|title=Spain and the Catalan referendum {{!}} Letters|last=Letters|date=2017-09-21|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-09-25|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>. An additional open letter from over a hundred academics of law, human rights and related subjects from the UK and Ireland expressed the same level of concern about the fact "that the level of political repression in Catalonia is of a severity and arbitrary character not experienced since the Franco dictatorship"<ref name=":0" />. The [[Regional Council of Sardinia]] also unanimously approved a motion on 21 September 2017 expressing solidarity with Catalonia and offering to print and store the necessary ballots for the referendum while asking the international community to intervene and ensure that Catalans could vote and decide on their self-determination.<ref>{{cite news |date= 22 September 2017 |title= Sardenya s'ofereix a la Generalitat per facilitar el material del referèndum |trans-title= Sardinia offers to provide referendum material to Generalitat of Catalonia |url= https://dbalears.cat/horitzons/2017/09/22/306223/sardenya-ofereix-generalitat-per-facilitar-material-del-referendum.html |language= Catalan |work= Diari de Balears |location= [[Balearic Islands]] |access-date= 23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sardegna/notizie/2017/09/22/catalogna-sit-in-indipendentisti-sardi_9b144a29-4f2d-4e73-b17b-a9bbdd11dc25.html|title=Referendum Catalogna: sit-in indipendentisti sardi a Cagliari|last=|first=|date=22 September 2017|work=Sardinia Post|access-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|location=Sardinia|language=Italian|trans-title=Catalonia referendum: Sardinian independents sit in Cagliari}}</ref>


== 22 September ==
== 22 September ==

Revision as of 20:50, 1 October 2017

Operation Anubis
Part of the 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis and the 2012–present Catalan independence movement
Crowd protesting against the arrests in front of the Catalan department of economy on 20 September 2017.
Date20 September 2017 (2017-09-20) – present
Location
Catalonia
GoalsStop the Catalan independence referendum, 2017
MethodsPolice operation
StatusOngoing
Parties
Lead figures
Casualties and losses
  • Injured: 11
  • Injured: 761
  • Arrested: 4

Operation Anubis is an ongoing operation by the Government of Spain against the Catalan independence referendum that is planned for 1 October 2017.[1] Its consequences and the related political situation in Catalonia has been labeled as the Catalonia crisis,[2][3] and the larger situation as the 2017 Spanish constitutional crisis.

Spanish Guardia Civil began the operation on 20 September 2017 following orders of the trial court number 13 of Barcelona.[4] Different headquarters of the Generalitat de Catalunya were searched and 14 people were arrested, including high ranking administrative staff, and company CEO's involved in the preparation of the referendum. Simultaneously, several printing companies were searched looking for ballot papers and ballot boxes.[5]

After the raids, crowds spontaneously gathered around Catalan regional ministries to support those arrested and protest against the searches.[6] On the morning of 21 September, Jordi Sànchez, president of the pro-independence organization Catalan National Assembly, called for "peaceful resistance" against the police operation. On 23 September, people started organising and camping outside Spanish Government buildings.[7]

The Catalan President Carles Puigdemont accused Spain of violating fundamental human rights and stated that the referendum will be held anyway.[8] Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy stated that the referendum was suspended and deployed additional personnel in Catalonia, which were expected to reach 16,000 police and military police officers distributed in different Catalan cities on 1 October 2017.[9]

Operation launched

The two ships, MS Moby Dada and Rhapsody, that the Spanish government has moved to the Port of Barcelona to allocate up to 6,600 Civil Guard reinforcements.[10]

The investigation started due a complaint presented at the trial court number 13 of Barcelona by the political party Vox and an anonymous individual, in response to a claim from Catalan judge and politician Santiago Vidal assuring that preparations for the referendum were underway.[11]

On the morning of 20 September 2017, several units of the Spanish Civil Guard raided 41 locations, including: the headquarters of the Vice President of Catalonia, the regional ministries of economy, foreign affairs, social affairs and family, the tax agency of Catalonia, the consortium of open administration of Catalonia, the Catalan Institute of Finance, the dotCAT Foundation, private houses of Catalan government officials and one printing company. Spanish officers claimed to have seized 9.6 million ballot papers in the raids.[12][13]

By midday most of the raids had finished. Civil Guard officers left all but the headquarters of the Department of Economy of Catalonia and the headquarters of the Department of External Affairs in Via Laietana, where 40,000 protesters surrounded the exits. Finally, police officers were able to abandon the buildings at night.[14]

A Spanish officer of the National Police Corps in front of the headquarters of the Popular Unity Candidacy political party.

Officers of the National Police Corps went to the headquarters of the political party Popular Unity Candidacy, in Casp street in Barcelona, but were prevented from searching the CUP offices as a result of not having any court order authorizing the operation. The police deployment lasted eight hours until they finally left without searching the building or arresting anyone.[15]

At the same day, the Spanish government announced that they were sending two ships to Barcelona and one to Tarragona to allocate Spanish police reinforcements deployed from other places of Spain. The first ship to arrive in Barcelona was the Rhapsody, from an Italian shipping company, followed by the MS Moby Dada, also Italian. The ship that docked in Tarragona was named GNV Azzurra. The three ships had a capacity of 6,600.[10][16]

Arrests

During these raids the Spanish Civil Guard arrested 14 people, most of them high ranking members from the Generalitat of Catalonia, but also CEOs of private companies or just administrative staff:[17]

  • Josep Maria Jové, the general secretary of Vice-presidency, Economy, and Finance.
  • Josep Lluís Salvadó, Secretary of the Treasury.
  • David Franco, head of development in the Department of ​​Information Technology and Communications.
  • David Palanques, technical project manager of the Department of Work, Social Affairs, and Families.
  • Josué Sallent Rivas, Director of Strategy and Innovation of the CTTI.
  • Xavier Puig Farré, head of the Department of Information Technology and Communications of the Department of Foreign Affairs.
  • Joan Manel Gómez, staff of the Consortium of Open Administration of Catalonia.
  • Francesc Sutrias, director of the Heritage Department.
  • Joan Ignasi Sánchez, adviser at the Department of Governance.
  • Natàlia Garriga, director of services at the Department of Vice-presidency.
  • Josep Masoliver, director of the information and systems at the PuntCat Foundation.
  • Mercè Martínez Martos, staff at the Department of Vice-presidency.
  • Rosa María Rodríguez Curto, director of services of the company T-Systems.
  • Pau Furriol, owner of an industrial warehouse where the referendum papers were confiscated.
Spontaneous crowd in front of the Department of Economy after the arrests.

All detainees were released after two days, being charged with disobedience to the Constitutional Court, prevarication and embezzlement of public funds.[18][19]

Public reaction

Just as the searches began, crowds started to gather outside the headquarters that the Spanish Civil Guard was raiding, particularly in front of the headquarters of the Department of Economy, in Rambla Catalunya, and the Department of External Affairs, in Via Laietana.

When the civil pro-independence organisations realised the magnitude of the operation, and the number of arrests, they called for "peaceful resistance" in front of the buildings being searched. These organisations included the Catalan National Assembly, chaired by Jordi Sànchez, and Òmnium Cultural, chaired by Jordi Cuixart (both organisations amassing more than 100,000 members). By midday the crowd gathered in Rambla Catalunya was so big that Gran Via had to be closed.[20] The demonstrations reached 40,000 people at the evening and the Spanish Civil Guard had to stay inside the building, protected by Mossos d'Esquadra, until the night when the number of people slightly diminished.[21]

Later on 20 September multiple protest demonstrations sparkled all across Catalonia, including cacerolazo during the night. Several other cities of Spain also organised demonstrations against the police operation.[22]

In the Gran Teatre del Liceu of Barcelona the audience at the representation of Il Viaggio a Reims sang the national anthem of Catalonia, Els Segadors, and shouted slogans in favour of the independence of Catalonia.[23]

  • Demonstration in front of the Department of Economy of Catalonia in Barcelona.
    Demonstration in front of the Department of Economy of Catalonia in Barcelona.
  • Demonstration in Berga.
    Demonstration in Berga.
  • Demonstration in València.
    Demonstration in València.

21 September

On 21 September 2017, the President of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, publicly announced by twitter that the referendum information webpage was reuploaded and now allowed citizens to know where they should go to vote on 1 October 2017. The previous webpage was declared illegal by a judge and then shut down six days after launching.[24][25]

Demonstration on 21 September 2017 in front of the High Court of Justice of Catalonia demanding freedom for all the arrested people.

The Catalan National Assembly and Òmnium Cultural organised a demonstration in Passeig de Lluís Companys in front of the High Court of Justice of Catalonia demanding freedom for all the arrested people while waving signs reading "Stop dictatorship" and "We want to vote".[26] During the demonstrations several politicians and public figures spoke and asked the people to continue in permanent mobilisation to defend the institutions of Catalonia.[27][28]

The same day, the stevedores and dockworkers of the Port of Barcelona and Tarragona refused to work for the ships that housed the Spanish police after voting it in a general assembly during the morning.[29][30]

Several university students also abandoned their classes and stopped the traffic on Avinguda Diagonal and then joined the demonstration in front of the High Court of Justice of Catalonia. Other students also stopped the traffic on Gran Via, at the old building of the University of Barcelona. Students of the Autonomous University of Barcelona also organised protest acts.[31]

Around 150 people shouted slogans in favour of the police operation, the unity of Spain and against holding a referendum vote.[32]

In front of the headquarters of the Spanish Civil Guard in Passeig de Gràcia a demonstration of 150 people shouted slogans in favour of the police operation, the unity of Spain and against holding a referendum vote. During the demonstration there were clashes with the Mossos d'Esquadra when the protesters tried to stop the traffic.[32]

An open letter from several members of all parties in the UK parliament expressed their concern "by the measures taken by the Spanish government to prevent the referendum"[33]. An additional open letter from over a hundred academics of law, human rights and related subjects from the UK and Ireland expressed the same level of concern about the fact "that the level of political repression in Catalonia is of a severity and arbitrary character not experienced since the Franco dictatorship"[33]. The Regional Council of Sardinia also unanimously approved a motion on 21 September 2017 expressing solidarity with Catalonia and offering to print and store the necessary ballots for the referendum while asking the international community to intervene and ensure that Catalans could vote and decide on their self-determination.[34][35]

22 September

On Friday 22 September, Spanish State Attorney General's office filed a complaint for sedition against the leaders of Catalan National Assembly and Òmnium Cultural, Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Cuixart due to their implication in the organisation of the demonstrations on 20 September. This accusation can be punished with sentences of up to 15 years of prison.[36][37]

Photo of the students occupying the historical building of the University of Barcelona.

Pro-referendum students from the University of Barcelona occupied the historical building of the university, which is currently used by the faculties of mathematics and philology.[38] In Girona, Tarragona and Lleida there were more student demonstrations in defence of democracy organised by the local Universities.[39]

Later that day, the trial court number 13 finally released all the remaining politicians arrested on 20 September 2017. They were freed with charges but were not accused of sedition. Even though they were released, due to a public prosecutor petition, they will have to appear before the court every week while the probe continues. Around 2.000 people were waiting outside and received them with slogans and chants. At 6pm a new demonstration in front of the High Court of Justice was organised to celebrate their release.[40]

23 September

On 23 September 2017 a state prosecutor asked to coordinate all police forces, including the Catalan Mossos d'Esquadra, to stop the referendum. Joaquim Forn, Minister of the Interior of Catalonia, refused to hand over the control of the Catalan forces to Spain's Central Government and later that day the Mossos d'Esquadra official twitter account wrote: "We will continue working like we've done until now. We will exercise our powers to guarantee security and public order and be at the service of citizens."[41][42][43]

In Lleida, the capital of the most agricultural region of Catalonia, over a thousand tractors marched in front of the Delegation of the Spanish Government, collapsing the street. The demonstration was organised by different agricultural labour unions to support the independence referendum.[44][45]

The Spanish Association of Civil Guards (Asociación Española de Guardias Civiles) announced on 23 September 2017 that each police officer reallocated on Catalonia would be rewarded with 80 euros per day to compensate for the lack of time to rest.[46]

24 September

On 24 September 2017 new demonstrations were organised in Barcelona and other Catalan cities gathering thousands of people. During the rally people shouted "We will vote!" and handed out ballot papers. The protest organisers gave some speeches while a police helicopter overflew the crowd. Carme Forcadell, the speaker of Catalonia's Parliament, told a Barcelona crowd: "I ask you to go out and vote. Vote for the future of Catalonia" and later she also said that people must resist "provocations" by the central government emphasising that Catalans are peaceful people.[47][48]

That same day, the Spanish left-wing political party Podemos organised a political gathering in the city of Zaragoza, where members of several regions met with Pablo Iglesias. The mayor of Barcelona, Ada Colau, asked for a solution to the tension through dialogue. During the gathering, 500 far-right Spanish nationalists protested outside the building and blocked the exits. The police couldn't intervene because most of the police in Zaragoza was deployed in Catalonia and the politicians were isolated during a few hours. During this protests the president of the Aragonese Corts, Violeta Barba, was injured by the impact of a filled plastic bottle.[49][50]

25 September

The Italian cruise Rhapsody used to allocate the Spanish police reinforcements. Dozens of antiriot police vans are parked around the ship.

On 25 September 2015 numerous police officers from all Spain left their barracks to head to Catalonia to stop the referendum. Many videos appeared on social media showing civilians of different Spanish cities cheering them and shouting slogans like: "Go for them", "Viva España" or "Viva la Guardia Civil".[51][52] According to El País, 75% of all Spanish National Police officers will be deployed in Catalonia on 1 October 2017.[53] Juan Ignacio Zoido also redeployed a riot control vehicle, equipped with a water cannon, which was used to prevent African migrants from crossing the Spanish border, from Ceuta to Catalonia.[54]

26 September

On 26 September 2017 the Spanish Civil Guard rendered more than 140 pro-independence web pages inaccessible without previous warning, including the web page of the Catalan National Assembly (even though a few hours later a new European Union domain, .eu, was published). Other webs were replaced by a simple message which read: "This domain has been seized and will be brought before a judge".[55]

That same day, the spokesman of Junts pel Sí, Marta Rovira, announced that the government had already sent the notifications to the supervisors of the polling places. Even though a week before 45.000 notifications were intercepted by the Spanish Police at the private company Unipost in Terrassa, she announced that the Catalan government managed to sent all necessary notifications.[56]

29 September

Tractors carrying Estelada flags driving through Barcelona.

Even though the Spanish Government attempted to ensured that there would be no referendum, on 29 September 2017 Catalan officials displayed the ballot box design: a white opaque plastic box bearing the crest of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Puigdemont also revealed that all preparations were ready including more than 6,000 boxes in a secret place, ballot papers, 2,000 voting points...[57] A poll also indicated that more than 60% of voters were expected to take part in Catalonia's independence referendum.[58]

Later that day, the magistrate of the High Court of Justice of Catalonia, Mercedes Armas, ordered Google delete all links and applications related to the referendum. Spanish Civil Guard officers were sent to the headquarters of Google Barcelona, where the corporate staff were retained in their offices for a few hours until they deleted the mobile app from Play Store.[59][60]

The Delegation of the Spanish Government in Catalonia also ordered an airspace ban on light aircraft and helicopters over Barcelona until October 2, even though El Prat airport will be exempt. According to the Spanish government this measure has been taken in order to ensure the safety of the population, because they expect agglomerations of people in the streets.[61][62]

Again, multiple demonstrations occurred in the biggest cities of Catalonia, including important "tractorades", hundreds of tractors collapsing a street, in front of the Spanish Delegations.[63] In the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc of Barcelona thousands gathered in a peaceful end-of-campaign rally during the night.[64] Multiple politicians from different political parties participated in this demonstration: Marta Pascal (PDECat), Marta Rovira (ERC), Mireia Boya (CUP), Albano Dante Fachin (Podem), Joan Josep Nuet (EUiA), Jaume Asens (Barcelona en Comú)... different musicians and music groups also performed during the event: Obrint Pas, Lluís Llach... and finally the President of Catalonia Carles Puigdemont gave a speech about the difficulties that Catalans managed to overcome to celebrate the referendum.[65]

30 September

Sleepover in front of the polling station of Arbúcies.

On 30 September 2017, the Spanish Civil Guard raided the headquarters of two organisations that allegedly had the databases of the census for the referendum: Catalonia's Telecommunications and Information Technology Center (in Catalan Centre de Telecomunicacions i Tecnologies de la Informació or CTTI) and Catalonia's Information Security Center (in Catalan Centre de Seguretat de la Informació de Catalunya or CESICAT). The police officers confiscated several computers and deactivated 29 databases that could be used for the referendum census, preventing the extraction or insertion of data.[66][67]

Later that day, Josep Lluís Trapero Álvarez published a public communicate that said that police officers would evacuate and close all polling stations by 6 am on Sunday if nobody was there. To prevent this, different pro-independence organisations prepared a massive sleepover in front of the polling stations. By night, 60,000 people had registered online to participate in the sleepover.[68]

1 October

On the day of the referendum, Spanish police raided polling stations, mostly in Barcelona. The police used rubber bullets (banned in Catalonia since 2014[69]) against voters and hit voters with batons. 761 people are injured according to the Catalan health ministry. 11 police officers are injured according to the Spanish interior ministry.[70][71][72][73]

References

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  35. ^ "Referendum Catalogna: sit-in indipendentisti sardi a Cagliari" [Catalonia referendum: Sardinian independents sit in Cagliari]. Sardinia Post (in Italian). Sardinia. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  36. ^ "The office of the Prosecutor of the National court a complaint for sedition by the riots of Barcelona". Turkey Telegraph. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
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See also

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