Tachypompilus ferrugineus: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Quetzal1964 (talk | contribs) replaced taxobox with speciesbox |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "Nomina">{{cite web | url = http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/pdfs/volume2/J_RWASP.pdf | title = Nomina Insecta Nearctica | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = neartica.com}}</ref> |
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "Nomina">{{cite web | url = http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/pdfs/volume2/J_RWASP.pdf | title = Nomina Insecta Nearctica | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = neartica.com}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''rusty spider wasp''',<ref name = "mbp"/> '''red-tailed spider hunter''', or sometimes '''red-tailed spider wasp''' (but that name is also used for the Asian species ''[[Tachypompilus analis]]'')<ref name = "iNaturalist">{{ cite web | url = http://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/147347-Tachypompilus-ferrugineus | title = Red-tailed Spider Hunter (''Tachypompilus ferrugineus'') . | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = iNaturalist.org}}</ref> (''Tachypompilus ferrigineus'') is a species of [[spider wasp]] from the Americas. It preys mainly on wandering spiders, especially [[wolf spider]]s. |
|||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
A mostly reddish-brown wasp, with four narrow dark bands circling the abdomen<ref name = "Glotzhober">{{cite web | url = https://www.ohiohistory.org/learn/collections/natural-history/natural-history-blog/2014-%281%29/october/spider-and-snake | title = Why was it dragging these leaves and some small twigs or pieces of bark into the rotting stump? | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = Ohio History Society}}</ref> and with violet-blue wings<ref name = "cmwg">{{cite web | url = http://capemaywildlife.com/_templates/beewaspgroup_spiderwasps.html | title = Spider Wasps | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = Mike Crew}}</ref> |
A mostly reddish-brown wasp, with four narrow dark bands circling the abdomen,<ref name = "Glotzhober">{{cite web | url = https://www.ohiohistory.org/learn/collections/natural-history/natural-history-blog/2014-%281%29/october/spider-and-snake | title = Why was it dragging these leaves and some small twigs or pieces of bark into the rotting stump? | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = Ohio History Society}}</ref> and with violet-blue wings<ref name = "cmwg">{{cite web | url = http://capemaywildlife.com/_templates/beewaspgroup_spiderwasps.html | title = Spider Wasps | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = Mike Crew}}</ref> its body measures {{convert|15|-|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name = "American Insects">{{cite web | url = http://www.americaninsects.net/hy/tachypompilus-ferrugineus.html | title = Tachypompilus ferrugineus Spider Wasp | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = Stephen Cresswell}}</ref> |
||
==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
||
This spider is from as far north as Canada<ref name = "Canada">{{cite web |url= http://insectoid.info/checklist/pompilidae/canada/ |title= Taxonomy for Pompilidae (Pompilid wasps) in Canada |accessdate = 2 September 2016 |publisher = Insectoid.info}}</ref> south through the United States, Mexico, and Central America to South America and the Caribbean.<ref name = "Wasbauer">{{cite journal |last1= Wasbauer |first1= L.S. |last2= Kimsey |first2= L.S. |year= 1985 |title= California Spider Wasps of the Subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) |url= http://essig.berkeley.edu/documents/cis/cis26.pdf |journal= Bulletin of the California Insect Survey |volume= 26 |pages= 1–128}}</ref> |
|||
==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
||
The nine recognised subspecies of ''T. ferrugineus'' include: |
|||
*'' |
*''T. f. annexus''<ref name = "zipcodezoo">{{ cite web| url = http://zipcodezoo.com/index.php/Tachypompilus_ferrugineus |title = ''Tachypompilus ferrugineus'' | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = ZipcodeZoo, the free nature encyclopedia}}</ref> |
||
*''Tachypompilus ferrugineus bicolor'' <small>Banks</small>, [[Hispaniola]] and [[Cuba]].<ref name = "Waichert">{{cite journal | last1 = Waichert | first1 = Cecilia | last2 = Rodriguez | first2 = Juanita | last3 = von Dolen | first3 = Carol |last4 = Pitts | first4 = James P. | year = 2012 | title = The Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Dominican Republic | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264549425_The_Spider_Wasps_Hymenoptera_Pompilidae_of_the_Dominican_Republic | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3353 | pages = 1–47}}</ref> |
*''Tachypompilus ferrugineus bicolor'' <small>Banks</small>, [[Hispaniola]] and [[Cuba]].<ref name = "Waichert">{{cite journal | last1 = Waichert | first1 = Cecilia | last2 = Rodriguez | first2 = Juanita | last3 = von Dolen | first3 = Carol |last4 = Pitts | first4 = James P. | year = 2012 | title = The Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Dominican Republic | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264549425_The_Spider_Wasps_Hymenoptera_Pompilidae_of_the_Dominican_Republic | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3353 | pages = 1–47}}</ref> |
||
*'' |
*''T. f. ferrugineus'' <small>Say</small>, the nominate subspecies from the south eastern United States. |
||
*'' |
*''T. f. nigrescens'' <small>Banks</small>, found in the more northerly part of the species range in the eastern United States<ref name = "mbp"/> |
||
*'' |
*''T. f. torridus'' <small>Banks</small>, the [[Sonoran Desert]] and adjacent regions of southern California, southern [[Utah]], southwestern [[New Mexico]], western Texas south to [[Chiapas]], Mexico<ref name = "Wasbauer"/> |
||
However the subspecies ''T.f. nigrescens'' from the |
However, the subspecies ''T.f. nigrescens'' from the northeastern United States may be a [[melanism|melanistic]] morph of the nominate subspecies rather than a valid taxon in its own right.<ref name = "Kurczewski">{{cite journal | last1 = Kurczewski | first1 = Frank E. | year = 1989 | title = Ecology, mating and nesting of ''Tachypompilus ferrugineus nigrescens'' (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) | url = http://www.michentsoc.org/gle-pdfs/vol22no2.pdf | journal = The Great Lakes Entomologist | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages =75–79}}</ref> |
||
==Biology== |
==Biology== |
||
In [[Illinois]] adults have been recorded as feeding on nectar from |
In [[Illinois]], adults have been recorded as feeding on nectar from ''[[Rhus copallina]]'', ''[[Cicuta maculata]]'' , ''[[Eryngium yuccifolium]]'', ''[[Oxypolis rigidior]]'', ''[[Pastinaca sativa]]'', ''[[Asclepias incarnata]]'', ''[[Erechtites hieracifolia]]'', and ''[[Pycnanthemum tenuifolium]]''.<ref name = "illinoiswildflowers">{{ cite web | url = http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//insects/wasps/tachypompilus_ferruginea.htm | title = Flowering Plants Visited by Tachypompilus ferruginea | accessdate = 31 August 2016 | publisher = John Hilty}}</ref> In California, the adults of both sexes have been collected while feeding on [[aphid]] [[Honeydew (secretion)|honeydew]] and at flowers of ''[[Hazardia squarrosa]]'', while females alone have been taken at flowers of ''[[Celosia floribunda]]'' and males at ''[[Eriogonum fasciculatum]]'', ''[[Koeberlinia spinosa]]'', and |
||
| ⚫ | |||
taken at flowers of ''[[Celosia floribunda]]'' and males at ''[[Eriogonum fasciculatum]]'', ''[[Koeberlinia spinosa]]'' and |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
During a period of observation in a cemetery in Syracuse males were observed perched on the top of a monument with their [[Antenna (biology)|antenna]]e and legs outstretched and wings held flat along the [[dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]]. They chased one another from their |
During a period of observation in a cemetery in Syracuse, males were observed perched on the top of a monument with their [[Antenna (biology)|antenna]]e and legs outstretched and wings held flat along the [[dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]]. They chased one another from their favored sites and pursued incoming females in flight. Both male and female wasps sheltered within a crevice close to the base of the monument at night and when it rained. Up to eight wasps (four males, four females) could occupy this space at the same time.<ref name = "Kurczewski"/> |
||
When copulation was observed the sequence was that a male and a female landed almost simultaneously |
When copulation was observed, the sequence was that a male and a female landed almost simultaneously very near each other on one side of the monument near the base. They walked slowly toward each other, both scissoring their wings (whereas vertical wing flicking is normal in spider wasps). They closed to within 2 cm of each other, face to face, scissoring their wings and vibrating their outstretched antennae. The much smaller male then flew to the rear of the female, mounted her while facing in the same direction as her, and assumed a position towards the rear of her abdomen. The male grasped the rear edge of her fore wings with his tarsal claws and curved his abdomen beneath hers to make contact with her genitalia. His fore tarsi then grasped the sides of her first gastral segment. The pair remained coupled but stationary for 27 seconds before separating, at which point the female flew off and was followed by the male for a distance of 1 m.<ref name = "Kurczewski"/> |
||
Females have been observed dragging leaves into their nests in [[Ohio]]<ref name = "Glotzhober"/> This wasp takes mainly large spiders of the families [[Lycosidae]] |
Females have been observed dragging leaves into their nests in [[Ohio]]<ref name = "Glotzhober"/> This wasp takes mainly large spiders of the families [[Lycosidae]], [[Pisauridae]], and [[Ctenidae]] with a preponderance of ''[[Lycosa]]'' wolf spiders, with the two main spider species caught being ''[[Tigrosa helluo]]'' and ''[[Rabidosa rabida]]''.<ref name = "Kurczewski"/> The female grasps the prey spider by its [[chelicerae]] or [[pedipalps]]<ref name = "Wasbauer"/> and drags it along the ground walking backwards. In southern Canada, the dark fishing spider ''[[Dolomedes tenebrosus]]'' has been recorded as prey for this spider wasp.<ref name = "BugGuide">{{cite web | url = http://bugguide.net/node/view/984510/bgimage | title = |
||
Pelee island wasp/spider - Tachypompilus ferrugineu | accessdate = 2 September 2016| publisher = [[Iowa State University]]}}</ref> |
Pelee island wasp/spider - Tachypompilus ferrugineu | accessdate = 2 September 2016| publisher = [[Iowa State University]]}}</ref> In [[Florida]], ''[[Hogna timuqua]]'' has also been recorded as prey.<ref name = "Florida">{{cite journal | last1 = Kurczewski | first1 = Frank E. | year = 1981 | title = Observation on the Nesting Behaviors of Spider Wasps in Southern Florida (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) | url = http://journals.fcla.edu/flaent/article/view/57605/55284 | journal = Florida Entomologist | volume =64 | issue = 3 | pages = 424-437}}</ref> The nest is often located under trees or buildings; dry, powdery soil is preferred for nest construction. The nest is a simple depression in the soil which the female wasp excavates by raking with her anterior legs and tamping down with her [[metasoma]]. The wasp drags the spider into the depression and an egg is deposited on the abdomen, near the base. The female wasp then backfills the depression by raking in soil and tamping with her metasoma. The nest is the camouflaged with pieces of debris collected from the vicinity of the nest.<ref name = "Wasbauer"/> |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
Revision as of 23:56, 21 April 2017
| Tachypompilus ferrugineus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tachypompilus ferrugineus with prey in Rockwall, Texas | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Pompilidae |
| Genus: | Tachypompilus |
| Species: | T. ferrugineus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tachypompilus ferrugineus | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The rusty spider wasp,[1] red-tailed spider hunter, or sometimes red-tailed spider wasp (but that name is also used for the Asian species Tachypompilus analis)[3] (Tachypompilus ferrigineus) is a species of spider wasp from the Americas. It preys mainly on wandering spiders, especially wolf spiders.
Description
A mostly reddish-brown wasp, with four narrow dark bands circling the abdomen,[4] and with violet-blue wings[5] its body measures 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) in length.[6]
Distribution
This spider is from as far north as Canada[7] south through the United States, Mexico, and Central America to South America and the Caribbean.[8]
Taxonomy
The nine recognised subspecies of T. ferrugineus include:
- T. f. annexus[9]
- Tachypompilus ferrugineus bicolor Banks, Hispaniola and Cuba.[10]
- T. f. ferrugineus Say, the nominate subspecies from the south eastern United States.
- T. f. nigrescens Banks, found in the more northerly part of the species range in the eastern United States[1]
- T. f. torridus Banks, the Sonoran Desert and adjacent regions of southern California, southern Utah, southwestern New Mexico, western Texas south to Chiapas, Mexico[8]
However, the subspecies T.f. nigrescens from the northeastern United States may be a melanistic morph of the nominate subspecies rather than a valid taxon in its own right.[11]
Biology
In Illinois, adults have been recorded as feeding on nectar from Rhus copallina, Cicuta maculata , Eryngium yuccifolium, Oxypolis rigidior, Pastinaca sativa, Asclepias incarnata, Erechtites hieracifolia, and Pycnanthemum tenuifolium.[12] In California, the adults of both sexes have been collected while feeding on aphid honeydew and at flowers of Hazardia squarrosa, while females alone have been taken at flowers of Celosia floribunda and males at Eriogonum fasciculatum, Koeberlinia spinosa, and Melilotus albus.[8] In Syracuse, New York], males have been observed feeding on Daucus carota.[11]
During a period of observation in a cemetery in Syracuse, males were observed perched on the top of a monument with their antennae and legs outstretched and wings held flat along the dorsum. They chased one another from their favored sites and pursued incoming females in flight. Both male and female wasps sheltered within a crevice close to the base of the monument at night and when it rained. Up to eight wasps (four males, four females) could occupy this space at the same time.[11]
When copulation was observed, the sequence was that a male and a female landed almost simultaneously very near each other on one side of the monument near the base. They walked slowly toward each other, both scissoring their wings (whereas vertical wing flicking is normal in spider wasps). They closed to within 2 cm of each other, face to face, scissoring their wings and vibrating their outstretched antennae. The much smaller male then flew to the rear of the female, mounted her while facing in the same direction as her, and assumed a position towards the rear of her abdomen. The male grasped the rear edge of her fore wings with his tarsal claws and curved his abdomen beneath hers to make contact with her genitalia. His fore tarsi then grasped the sides of her first gastral segment. The pair remained coupled but stationary for 27 seconds before separating, at which point the female flew off and was followed by the male for a distance of 1 m.[11]
Females have been observed dragging leaves into their nests in Ohio[4] This wasp takes mainly large spiders of the families Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Ctenidae with a preponderance of Lycosa wolf spiders, with the two main spider species caught being Tigrosa helluo and Rabidosa rabida.[11] The female grasps the prey spider by its chelicerae or pedipalps[8] and drags it along the ground walking backwards. In southern Canada, the dark fishing spider Dolomedes tenebrosus has been recorded as prey for this spider wasp.[13] In Florida, Hogna timuqua has also been recorded as prey.[14] The nest is often located under trees or buildings; dry, powdery soil is preferred for nest construction. The nest is a simple depression in the soil which the female wasp excavates by raking with her anterior legs and tamping down with her metasoma. The wasp drags the spider into the depression and an egg is deposited on the abdomen, near the base. The female wasp then backfills the depression by raking in soil and tamping with her metasoma. The nest is the camouflaged with pieces of debris collected from the vicinity of the nest.[8]
External links
Spider wasp carrying prey (North Carolina): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98rdltyyl6o
References
- ^ a b c "Rusty Spider Wasp (ferrugineus) Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say, 1824) ferrugineus". Maryland Biodiversity Project. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Nomina Insecta Nearctica" (PDF). neartica.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Red-tailed Spider Hunter (Tachypompilus ferrugineus) ". iNaturalist.org. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Why was it dragging these leaves and some small twigs or pieces of bark into the rotting stump?". Ohio History Society. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Spider Wasps". Mike Crew. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Tachypompilus ferrugineus Spider Wasp". Stephen Cresswell. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Taxonomy for Pompilidae (Pompilid wasps) in Canada". Insectoid.info. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Wasbauer, L.S.; Kimsey, L.S. (1985). "California Spider Wasps of the Subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey. 26: 1–128.
- ^ "Tachypompilus ferrugineus". ZipcodeZoo, the free nature encyclopedia. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ Waichert, Cecilia; Rodriguez, Juanita; von Dolen, Carol; Pitts, James P. (2012). "The Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the Dominican Republic". Zootaxa. 3353: 1–47.
- ^ a b c d e Kurczewski, Frank E. (1989). "Ecology, mating and nesting of Tachypompilus ferrugineus nigrescens (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)" (PDF). The Great Lakes Entomologist. 22 (2): 75–79.
- ^ "Flowering Plants Visited by Tachypompilus ferruginea". John Hilty. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
- ^ "Pelee island wasp/spider - Tachypompilus ferrugineu". Iowa State University. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ Kurczewski, Frank E. (1981). "Observation on the Nesting Behaviors of Spider Wasps in Southern Florida (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Florida Entomologist. 64 (3): 424–437.