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Coordinates: 52°05′06″N 002°47′42″W / 52.08500°N 2.79500°W / 52.08500; -2.79500
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'''Royal Air Force Hereford''' or '''RAF Hereford''', and also known as '''RAF Credenhill''', was a non-flying station of the [[Royal Air Force]] situated in the village of [[Credenhill]] near [[Hereford]], United Kingdom. It was commissioned in 1940 and served as home for a range of training schools from 1940 <ref>https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/474/raf-hereford/</ref> until closure in 1999. RAF Hereford was home to Administrative Apprentice training until the final entry (330) graduated and passed out in August 1973 following which the station continued to provide Supplier trades training to adult entrants to the RAF and 'in service' junior command and leadership/promotion training until 1999. The station was subsequently redeveloped for use by the [[British Army]] and established as depot for the [[Special Air Service]].
'''Royal Air Force Hereford''' or '''RAF Hereford''', and also known as '''RAF Credenhill''', was a non-flying station of the [[Royal Air Force]] situated in the village of [[Credenhill]] near [[Hereford]], United Kingdom. It was commissioned in 1940 and served as home for a range of training schools from 1940<ref>https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/474/raf-hereford/</ref> until closure in 1999. RAF Hereford was home to Administrative Apprentice training until the final entry (330) graduated and passed out in August 1973, following which the station continued to provide Supplier trades training to adult entrants to the RAF, and 'in service' junior command and leadership/promotion training until 1999. The station was subsequently redeveloped for use by the [[British Army]] and established as a depot for the [[Special Air Service]].


==History==
==History==
===First World War===
===First World War===
After the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]], the [[Ministry of Munitions]] were looking to create a number of [[Royal Ordnance Factory]] munitions production facilities quickly and cheaply. In 1912 [[Herefordshire County Council]] had bought {{convert|185|acre}} of the former Rotherwas estate from the Lubienski-Bodenham family, that overlooked by [[Dinedor Hill]] and was bordered by the Wye meadows.<ref name=HerArch>{{cite web|url=http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/smrSearch/Monuments/Monument_Item.aspx?ID=22555|title=Royal Ordnance Factory Rotherwas|publisher=[[Herefordshire County Council]]|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=Edmonds>{{cite book|title=The History of Rotherwas Munitions Factory, Hereford|publisher=Logaston Press|author=Edmonds, John|date=2004}}</ref>
After the outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]], the [[Ministry of Munitions]] were required to create a number of [[Royal Ordnance Factory]] munitions production facilities quickly and cheaply. In 1912 [[Herefordshire County Council]] had bought {{convert|185|acre}} of the former Rotherwas estate from the Lubienski-Bodenham family, overlooked by [[Dinedor Hill]] and bordered by the Wye meadows.<ref name=HerArch>{{cite web|url=http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/smrSearch/Monuments/Monument_Item.aspx?ID=22555|title=Royal Ordnance Factory Rotherwas|publisher=[[Herefordshire County Council]]|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=Edmonds>{{cite book|title=The History of Rotherwas Munitions Factory, Hereford|publisher=Logaston Press|author=Edmonds, John|date=2004}}</ref>


A site of {{convert|100|hectare}} was acquired by the Ministry on 15 June 1916, located at [[Lower Bullingham]] just south of Hereford on the junction of the [[Welsh Marches Line]] and the [[Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway]]. Laid out to a standard design, [[ROF Rotherwas]] encompassed:<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/>
A site of {{convert|100|hectare}} was acquired by the Ministry on 15 June 1916, at [[Lower Bullingham]] just south of Hereford on the junction of the [[Welsh Marches Line]] and the [[Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway]]. Laid out to a standard design, [[ROF Rotherwas]] encompassed:<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/>
*{{convert|27|mi}} [[standard gauge railway]]
*{{convert|27|mi}} [[standard gauge railway]]
*{{convert|3|mi}} of roads
*{{convert|3|mi}} of roads
*{{convert|9|mi}} of guard fence
*{{convert|9|mi}} of guard fence
*{{convert|10|mi}} of footpaths and sentry paths
*{{convert|10|mi}} of footpaths and sentry paths
*370 buildings varying in floor area. Like a typical munitions facility, the buildings were widely spaced on safety reasons, to avoid complete destruction of the facility in case of an explosion
*370 buildings varying in floor area; like a typical munitions facility, the buildings were widely spaced on safety reasons, to avoid complete destruction of the facility in case of an explosion


For storage purposes, the ROF also acquired railway-connected lands at [[Credenhill]].<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/>
For storage purposes, the ROF also acquired railway-connected lands at [[Credenhill]].<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/>


All components were produced elsewhere, with the facility responsible for final production: inserting explosive into shells, and fitting detonators. Shell filling began on 11 November 1916, with both [[Lyddite]] and [[Amatol]] explosives being used in production. From June 1918, supplied with [[dichloroethyl sulphide]] by the [[National Smelting Company]] at [[Avonmouth Docks]], the facility produced [[mustard gas]] shells.<ref>{{cite book|author=Haber L.F.|date=1986|title=''The Poisonous Cloud|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=9780198581420|chapter=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCtRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT38&lpg=PT38&dq=Chittening+munitions+factory&source=bl&ots=q9nhVgd-yj&sig=fww3lJqB1nT2bgazcc3WUzF5PJ4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=noVyU5KlHfTb7Ab004Fw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Chittening%20munitions%20factory&f=false|title=The Home Front 1914-1918: How Britain Survived the Great War|author=Ian F.W. Beckett|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref> By the end of WW1, the average output of shells from the facility was 70,000 per week.<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/><ref name=ArchTV>{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologists.tv/content/view/43/100/|title=Rotherwas Ordnance, Hereford|publisher=archaeologists.tv|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref>
All components were produced elsewhere, with the facility responsible for final production: inserting explosive into shells and fitting detonators. Shell filling began on 11 November 1916, with both [[Lyddite]] and [[Amatol]] explosives being used in production. From June 1918, supplied with [[dichloroethyl sulphide]] by the [[National Smelting Company]] at [[Avonmouth Docks]], the facility produced [[mustard gas]] shells.<ref>{{cite book|author=Haber L.F.|date=1986|title=''The Poisonous Cloud|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=9780198581420|chapter=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCtRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT38&lpg=PT38&dq=Chittening+munitions+factory&source=bl&ots=q9nhVgd-yj&sig=fww3lJqB1nT2bgazcc3WUzF5PJ4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=noVyU5KlHfTb7Ab004Fw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Chittening%20munitions%20factory&f=false|title=The Home Front 1914-1918: How Britain Survived the Great War|author=Ian F.W. Beckett|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref> By the end of WW1, the average output of shells from the facility was 70,000 per week.<ref name=HerArch/><ref name=Edmonds/><ref name=ArchTV>{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologists.tv/content/view/43/100/|title=Rotherwas Ordnance, Hereford|publisher=archaeologists.tv|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref>


===Second World War===
===Second World War===
Line 74: Line 74:
*No. 7 Mobile Parachute Servicing Unit from 17 April 1944 to February 1945.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 7 Mobile Parachute Servicing Unit from 17 April 1944 to February 1945.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*HQ, No. 24 Group from September 1944 until December 1944.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*HQ, No. 24 Group from September 1944 until December 1944.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No 50 Gliding School (Mar 1944 - Jan 1946)*
*No 50 Gliding School, Mar 1944 - Jan 1946*
*The Air Crew Officers School from 3 May 1944 until 1 November 1944.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*The Air Crew Officers School from 3 May 1944 until 1 November 1944.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 1 Air Crew Officers School from 1 November 1944 until 1 May 1946.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 1 Air Crew Officers School from 1 November 1944 until 1 May 1946.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 2 S of A T (School of Administration training.) May 1948.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 2 School of Administration Training. May 1948.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 533 Sqn RAF Regiment starting from 1 July 1952.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 533 Sqn RAF Regiment from 1 July 1952.<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No 11 School of Technical Training (15 Jun 1940 – 30 Sep 1945)
*No 11 School of Technical Training, 15 Jun 1940 – 30 Sep 1945.
*WRAF Depot / WRAF clerical trades training school.
*WRAF Depot / WRAF clerical trades training school.
*RAF/WRAF catering trade training school (The Royal Air Force School of Catering).
*RAF/WRAF catering trade training school (the Royal Air Force School of Catering).
⚫
*RAF Chef Apprentices, 1964 to ?.
*No. 3 School of Technical Training from April 1959 until 17 May 1974).<ref name="RAFWEB"/>
*No. 3 School of Technical Training from April 1959 until 17 May 1974.<ref name="RAFWEB" />
*Administrative Apprentice Training School from 1953 to August 1973 culminating in the graduation of the final App. Admin entry (#330).{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
*Administrative Apprentice Training School from 1953 to August 1973, culminating in the graduation of the final Admin Apprentices entry (#330).{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
[[File:RAF Hereford - 330 Entry Admin Apprentices graduation photograph - August 1973.gif|thumb|The graduation photograph of 2 Squadron RAF Admin Apprentices - RAF Hereford - August 1973. The final entry to graduate from No. 3 School of Technical Training]]
[[File:RAF Hereford - 330 Entry Admin Apprentices graduation photograph - August 1973.gif|thumb|Graduation photograph of 2 Squadron RAF Admin Apprentices, RAF Hereford, August 1973; the final entry to graduate from No. 3 School of Technical Training]]
⚫
RAF Chef Apprentices 1964 to ?


==Current use==
==Current use==


[[No. 658 Squadron AAC]] has been posted here.<ref name="AFMJAN14">{{cite journal|author=Gary Parsons|title=News briefs|journal=[[AirForces Monthly]] |location=[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]] |publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|date=January 2014|pages=pg.7 }}</ref>
[[No. 658 Squadron AAC]] has been posted here.<ref name="AFMJAN14">{{cite journal|author=Gary Parsons|title=News briefs|journal=[[AirForces Monthly]] |location=[[Stamford, Lincolnshire|Stamford]] |publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|date=January 2014|pages=pg.7 }}</ref> [[22 Regiment Special Air Service|22 Regiment, Special Air Service]] is also based here.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}
[[22 Regiment Special Air Service|22 Regiment, Special Air Service]] is also based here.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:16, 16 November 2016

Credenhill Barracks
RAF Hereford
Near Credenhill, Herefordshire, in England
Credenhill Barracks is located in Herefordshire
Credenhill Barracks
Credenhill Barracks
RAF Hereford within Herefordshire
Coordinates52°05′06″N 002°47′42″W / 52.08500°N 2.79500°W / 52.08500; -2.79500
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
OperatorBritish Army
Site history
Built1999 (1999)
In use1999 - Present
Battles/warsSecond World War
Airfield information
Helipads
Number Length and surface
01 40 metres (131 ft) Asphalt

Royal Air Force Hereford or RAF Hereford, and also known as RAF Credenhill, was a non-flying station of the Royal Air Force situated in the village of Credenhill near Hereford, United Kingdom. It was commissioned in 1940 and served as home for a range of training schools from 1940[1] until closure in 1999. RAF Hereford was home to Administrative Apprentice training until the final entry (330) graduated and passed out in August 1973, following which the station continued to provide Supplier trades training to adult entrants to the RAF, and 'in service' junior command and leadership/promotion training until 1999. The station was subsequently redeveloped for use by the British Army and established as a depot for the Special Air Service.

History

First World War

After the outbreak of the First World War, the Ministry of Munitions were required to create a number of Royal Ordnance Factory munitions production facilities quickly and cheaply. In 1912 Herefordshire County Council had bought 185 acres (75 ha) of the former Rotherwas estate from the Lubienski-Bodenham family, overlooked by Dinedor Hill and bordered by the Wye meadows.[2][3]

A site of 100 hectares (250 acres) was acquired by the Ministry on 15 June 1916, at Lower Bullingham just south of Hereford on the junction of the Welsh Marches Line and the Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway. Laid out to a standard design, ROF Rotherwas encompassed:[2][3]

  • 27 miles (43 km) standard gauge railway
  • 3 miles (4.8 km) of roads
  • 9 miles (14 km) of guard fence
  • 10 miles (16 km) of footpaths and sentry paths
  • 370 buildings varying in floor area; like a typical munitions facility, the buildings were widely spaced on safety reasons, to avoid complete destruction of the facility in case of an explosion

For storage purposes, the ROF also acquired railway-connected lands at Credenhill.[2][3]

All components were produced elsewhere, with the facility responsible for final production: inserting explosive into shells and fitting detonators. Shell filling began on 11 November 1916, with both Lyddite and Amatol explosives being used in production. From June 1918, supplied with dichloroethyl sulphide by the National Smelting Company at Avonmouth Docks, the facility produced mustard gas shells.[4][5] By the end of WW1, the average output of shells from the facility was 70,000 per week.[2][3][6]

Second World War

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the same site at Credenhill was leased from the farmer land owner. This housed:

  • No. 11 School of Technical Training from 15 June 1940 until 30 September 1945.[7]
  • School of Torpedo Maintenance from 1942 until 1946.[7]
  • No. 7 Mobile Parachute Servicing Unit from 17 April 1944 to February 1945.[7]
  • HQ, No. 24 Group from September 1944 until December 1944.[7]
  • No 50 Gliding School, Mar 1944 - Jan 1946*
  • The Air Crew Officers School from 3 May 1944 until 1 November 1944.[7]
  • No. 1 Air Crew Officers School from 1 November 1944 until 1 May 1946.[7]
  • No. 2 School of Administration Training. May 1948.[7]
  • No. 533 Sqn RAF Regiment from 1 July 1952.[7]
  • No 11 School of Technical Training, 15 Jun 1940 – 30 Sep 1945.
  • WRAF Depot / WRAF clerical trades training school.
  • RAF/WRAF catering trade training school (the Royal Air Force School of Catering).
  • RAF Chef Apprentices, 1964 to ?.
  • No. 3 School of Technical Training from April 1959 until 17 May 1974.[7]
  • Administrative Apprentice Training School from 1953 to August 1973, culminating in the graduation of the final Admin Apprentices entry (#330).[citation needed]
Graduation photograph of 2 Squadron RAF Admin Apprentices, RAF Hereford, August 1973; the final entry to graduate from No. 3 School of Technical Training

Current use

No. 658 Squadron AAC has been posted here.[8] 22 Regiment, Special Air Service is also based here.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/units/474/raf-hereford/
  2. ^ a b c d "Royal Ordnance Factory Rotherwas". Herefordshire County Council. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d Edmonds, John (2004). The History of Rotherwas Munitions Factory, Hereford. Logaston Press.
  4. ^ Haber L.F. (1986). "10". The Poisonous Cloud. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198581420.
  5. ^ Ian F.W. Beckett. "The Home Front 1914-1918: How Britain Survived the Great War". Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  6. ^ "Rotherwas Ordnance, Hereford". archaeologists.tv. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "RAF Hereford (Credenhill)". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  8. ^ Gary Parsons (January 2014). "News briefs". AirForces Monthly. Stamford: Key Publishing: pg.7. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
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