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==After the war==
==After the war==
At the end of the World War II, he was aggressively interviewed by the Allies and gave during war trials at Nuremberg, after which he wrote a book to address rumors and explain his role during the war. He was never charged with a war crime.<ref name="Wires p. 178">{{cite book|author=Richard Wires|title=The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iZSuePrAbu4C&pg=PA178|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96456-6|page=178}}</ref>
At the end of the World War II, he was suspected of war crimes, following the discovery of a letter from von Papen to Himmler stating their excellent services. He hid in French occupied area in Austria. He published a book to explain his role during the war.

He hid in French occupied area in Austria.


==''Operation Cicero''==
==''Operation Cicero''==
Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named ''Operation Cicero.''<ref name="Polmar Allen">{{cite book|author1=Norman Polmar|author2=Thomas B. Allen|title=World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30gRAGjXrIIC&pg=PA211|date=15 August 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-47962-0|page=211}}</ref>{{efn|Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had “factual errors”, according to Jefferson Adams.<ref name="Adams" /> |name=fn2}} Franz von Papen and [[Allen Dulles]], wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol1no4/html/v01i4a06p_0001.htm | title=Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program | publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | date= September 18, 2016 | accessdate=May 27, 2016 }}{{US government sources}}</ref> Twelve years later, in 1962, ''I was Cicero'' was published by 'Cicero' himself.<ref name="Polmar Allen" /><ref>{{cite book | author=Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa |title=I was Cicero | location=London | publisher=A. Deutsch | year=1962 | lccn=62048893 }}</ref>{{efn|name=fn2}}
Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named ''Operation Cicero.''<ref name="Polmar Allen">{{cite book|author1=Norman Polmar|author2=Thomas B. Allen|title=World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30gRAGjXrIIC&pg=PA211|date=15 August 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-47962-0|page=211}}</ref>{{efn|Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had “factual errors”, according to Jefferson Adams.<ref name="Adams" /> |name=fn2}} Richard Wires, author of ''The Cicero Spy Affair'' stated that he found the book to be a "sensational narrative" with misrepresentations and omissions. Wires speculated that Moyzisch may not have known that Bazna was still alive.<ref name="Wires p. 178" /> Franz von Papen and [[Allen Dulles]], wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol1no4/html/v01i4a06p_0001.htm | title=Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program | publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | date= September 18, 2016 | accessdate=May 27, 2016 }}{{US government sources}}</ref> Twelve years later, in 1962, ''I was Cicero'' was published by 'Cicero' himself.<ref name="Polmar Allen" /><ref>{{cite book | author=Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa |title=I was Cicero | location=London | publisher=A. Deutsch | year=1962 | lccn=62048893 }}</ref>{{efn|name=fn2}}


A film based on the book ''Operation Cicero'' by L.C. Moyzisch was released by [[20th Century Fox]] in 1952. It was titled ''[[5 Fingers]]'' and directed by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by [[James Mason]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kevin Sweeney|title=James Mason: A Bio-bibliography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DVtVA4EajSgC&pg=PA124|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28496-0|pages=124–125}}</ref>
A film based on the book ''Operation Cicero'' by L.C. Moyzisch was released by [[20th Century Fox]] in 1952. It was titled ''[[5 Fingers]]'' and directed by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by [[James Mason]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kevin Sweeney|title=James Mason: A Bio-bibliography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DVtVA4EajSgC&pg=PA124|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28496-0|pages=124–125}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:37, 30 May 2016

Ludwig Carl Moyzisch (born 1905) was a diplomatic attaché of the Nazi Germany Embassy in Ankara, Turkey in 1943. Under this cover, he led Turkey the work of secret services German, including Elyesa Bazna, codename 'Cicero'. Moyzisch wrote the book Operation Cicero in part to explain his role and activities working for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). The book was subsequently adapted into the film 5 Fingers, staring James Mason as the spy.


Biography

Moyzisch was a journalist in Vienna, Austria prior to becoming a member of Nazi Germany's intelligence services during World War II.[1]

Although Moyzisch had some Jewish heritage, he was still accepted into the Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (SD).[2] He had an official title of commercial attaché in Ankara, while secretly working there as SD chief by October 1943.[3][1]

Cicero Affair

Main article: Elyesa Bazna

'Cicero' is the SD code name given by the Germans to Elyesa Bazna,[4][5] a valet for the British ambassador Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen in the city of Ankara in Turkey,[6] a neutral country during World War II.[7][8]

The information that he leaked is believed to have been potentially among the more damaging disclosures made by a Second World War spy but conflicts inside the highest echelons of the German government meant that little if any of it was acted upon.[4]

After the war

At the end of the World War II, he was aggressively interviewed by the Allies and gave during war trials at Nuremberg, after which he wrote a book to address rumors and explain his role during the war. He was never charged with a war crime.[9]

He hid in French occupied area in Austria.

Operation Cicero

Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named Operation Cicero.[10][a] Richard Wires, author of The Cicero Spy Affair stated that he found the book to be a "sensational narrative" with misrepresentations and omissions. Wires speculated that Moyzisch may not have known that Bazna was still alive.[9] Franz von Papen and Allen Dulles, wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.[11] Twelve years later, in 1962, I was Cicero was published by 'Cicero' himself.[10][12][a]

A film based on the book Operation Cicero by L.C. Moyzisch was released by 20th Century Fox in 1952. It was titled 5 Fingers and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by James Mason.[13]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had “factual errors”, according to Jefferson Adams.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b Lucas Delattre (1 December 2007). A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-8021-9649-1.
  2. ^ Christer Jorgensen (2004). Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks. Lyons Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-59228-326-2.
  3. ^ Christer Jorgensen (2004). Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks. Lyons Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-59228-326-2.
  4. ^ a b c Jefferson Adams (September 1, 2009). "Cicero Affair". Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-0-8108-6320-0.
  5. ^ Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey (20 November 2014). Historical Dictionary of Intelligence Failures. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 44–47. ISBN 978-1-4422-3274-7.
  6. ^ FCO Historians (March 2005). "The Cicero Papers". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. p. 10. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
  7. ^ Erik J. Zurcher (2004). Turkey: A Modern History (3rd ed.). pp. 203–5.
  8. ^ A. C. Edwards (1946). "The Impact of the War on Turkey". International Affairs. 22 (3): 389–400 – via JSTOR.
  9. ^ a b Richard Wires (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
  10. ^ a b Norman Polmar; Thomas B. Allen (15 August 2012). World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945. Courier Corporation. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-486-47962-0.
  11. ^ "Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program". Central Intelligence Agency. September 18, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2016.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.
  12. ^ Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa (1962). I was Cicero. London: A. Deutsch. LCCN 62048893.
  13. ^ Kevin Sweeney (1999). James Mason: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-313-28496-0.
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