Elsie Stephenson: Difference between revisions
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Stephenson was the daughter of a farmer, Henry Walker Stephenson, and Ethel Watson, and was born at Crawleas Farm, Merrington, in [[Bishop Auckland]], [[County Durham]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> Her father's death in 1919 in the [[1918 flu pandemic|influenza epidemic]] has been cited as her motivation for becoming a nurse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elsie Stephenson|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/news/news/elsie-stephenson|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
Stephenson was the daughter of a farmer, Henry Walker Stephenson, and Ethel Watson, and was born at Crawleas Farm, Merrington, in [[Bishop Auckland]], [[County Durham]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> Her father's death in 1919 in the [[1918 flu pandemic|influenza epidemic]] has been cited as her motivation for becoming a nurse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elsie Stephenson|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/news/news/elsie-stephenson|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
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From 1926 to 1933, Stephenson attended Newmarket Grammar School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> Stephenson failed her final school examinations and did not graduate from university.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|date=1990|volume=15|issue=11|page=1233|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x/pdf}}</ref> |
From 1926 to 1933, Stephenson attended Newmarket Grammar School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> Stephenson failed her final school examinations and did not graduate from university.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|date=1990|volume=15|issue=11|page=1233|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x/pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x}}</ref> |
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On leaving school, Stephenson became a member of the Newmarket branch of the [[British Red Cross Society|Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> She began her General Nurse training at West Suffolk Hospital in [[Bury St Edmunds]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
On leaving school, Stephenson became a member of the Newmarket branch of the [[British Red Cross Society|Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> She began her General Nurse training at West Suffolk Hospital in [[Bury St Edmunds]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
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== Career == |
== Career == |
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When she had completed her nursing training with the British Red Cross, Stephenson worked overseas with the Red Cross both before and after the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|date=1990|volume=15|issue=11|page=1233|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x/pdf}}</ref> This included working with Yugoslavian refugees in [[Egypt]], in Italian refugee camps, in a mobile hospital for displaced Yugoslavian refugees in Germany and on an advisory board for child welfare in post-war [[Berlin]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
When she had completed her nursing training with the British Red Cross, Stephenson worked overseas with the Red Cross both before and after the [[Second World War]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century|journal=Journal of Advanced Nursing|date=1990|volume=15|issue=11|page=1233|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x/pdf|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x}}</ref> This included working with Yugoslavian refugees in [[Egypt]], in Italian refugee camps, in a mobile hospital for displaced Yugoslavian refugees in Germany and on an advisory board for child welfare in post-war [[Berlin]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
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From 1947 to 1948, Stephenson held a [[Florence Nightingale Scholarship]] for the study of public health administration at the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
From 1947 to 1948, Stephenson held a [[Florence Nightingale Scholarship]] for the study of public health administration at the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
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After leaving the Red Cross, she assumed the position of County Nursing Officer for East [[Suffolk]] in 1948; this was at the very beginnings of the [[National Health Service|NHS]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> This was followed by a position in community nursing in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] in 1950.<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> Here, Stephenson participated in a research project which was published in 1956 as the Jameson report, "An Enquiry into Health Visiting" - this report led to reform within health visiting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
After leaving the Red Cross, she assumed the position of County Nursing Officer for East [[Suffolk]] in 1948; this was at the very beginnings of the [[National Health Service|NHS]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> This was followed by a position in community nursing in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] in 1950.<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> Here, Stephenson participated in a research project which was published in 1956 as the Jameson report, "An Enquiry into Health Visiting" - this report led to reform within health visiting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
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Her appointment as founding Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in June 1956 shocked members of the Scottish nursing community due to her lack of university education and teaching experience.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tilley|first1=Stephen|title=Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=35}}</ref> In her post as Director, Stephenson oversaw a new training scheme that expected students to graduate in an arts or humanities discipline before taking their nursing qualification.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Medical News|journal=The British Medical Journal|date=21 May 1960|volume=1|issue=5185|page=1580}}</ref> In 1964 a degree programme in Nursing was established, as well as a school for overseas students, which was supported by the [[World Health Organisation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
Her appointment as founding Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the [[University of Edinburgh]] in June 1956 shocked members of the Scottish nursing community due to her lack of university education and teaching experience.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tilley|first1=Stephen|title=Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=35}}</ref> In her post as Director, Stephenson oversaw a new training scheme that expected students to graduate in an arts or humanities discipline before taking their nursing qualification.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Medical News|journal=The British Medical Journal|date=21 May 1960|volume=1|issue=5185|page=1580|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5185.1580}}</ref> In 1964 a degree programme in Nursing was established, as well as a school for overseas students, which was supported by the [[World Health Organisation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|website=www.oxforddnb.com/|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
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Stephenson supervised nursing students including [[Annie Altschul]] (co-supervised with Henry Walton), whose MSc thesis was completed in 1967, and her influence was acknowledged by Audrey John.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tilley|first1=Stephen|title=Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|pages=42–43}}</ref> |
Stephenson supervised nursing students including [[Annie Altschul]] (co-supervised with Henry Walton), whose MSc thesis was completed in 1967, and her influence was acknowledged by Audrey John.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tilley|first1=Stephen|title=Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|pages=42–43}}</ref> |
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Stephenson has been described as having 'established nursing as a serious academic subject in one of our oldest and most distinguished universities'.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ross|first1=Fiona|title=Elsie Stephenson|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/news/news/elsie-stephenson|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
Stephenson has been described as having 'established nursing as a serious academic subject in one of our oldest and most distinguished universities'.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ross|first1=Fiona|title=Elsie Stephenson|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/news/news/elsie-stephenson|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
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Within days of Stephenson's death in 1967, the [[University of Edinburgh]] set up the Special (Elsie Stephenson) Nursing Studies Fund, with the aim of developing the work of the Department of Nursing Studies at the University.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Kathleen J. W.|title=Memorial Fund Honors Scottish Nurse|journal=The American Journal of Nursing|date=October 1968|volume=68|issue=10|page=2120}}</ref> The [[University of Edinburgh]] hosts an annual Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture, which celebrates the work of Stephenson.<ref>{{cite web|title=11th Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/health/nursing-studies/news-events/eleventh-elsie-stephenson-lecture|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
Within days of Stephenson's death in 1967, the [[University of Edinburgh]] set up the Special (Elsie Stephenson) Nursing Studies Fund, with the aim of developing the work of the Department of Nursing Studies at the University.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Kathleen J. W.|title=Memorial Fund Honors Scottish Nurse|journal=The American Journal of Nursing|date=October 1968|volume=68|issue=10|page=2120|doi=10.2307/3420748}}</ref> The [[University of Edinburgh]] hosts an annual Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture, which celebrates the work of Stephenson.<ref>{{cite web|title=11th Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/health/nursing-studies/news-events/eleventh-elsie-stephenson-lecture|website=University of Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> |
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Eight years after Stephenson's death a launch called 'The Elsie Stephenson' was blessed in [[Kuching]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
Eight years after Stephenson's death a launch called 'The Elsie Stephenson' was blessed in [[Kuching]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=University pioneer for nursing|journal=The Glasgow Herald|date=15 September 1986|page=6}}</ref> |
Revision as of 19:08, 10 January 2016
Elsie Stephenson (22 January 1916 – 16 July 1967) was the first Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the University of Edinburgh,[1] which was founded in 1956[2] as the first university department of Nursing in the UK.[3]
Early life
Stephenson was the daughter of a farmer, Henry Walker Stephenson, and Ethel Watson, and was born at Crawleas Farm, Merrington, in Bishop Auckland, County Durham.[4] Her father's death in 1919 in the influenza epidemic has been cited as her motivation for becoming a nurse.[5]
From 1926 to 1933, Stephenson attended Newmarket Grammar School.[6] Stephenson failed her final school examinations and did not graduate from university.[7]
On leaving school, Stephenson became a member of the Newmarket branch of the Red Cross.[8] She began her General Nurse training at West Suffolk Hospital in Bury St Edmunds.[9]
Career
When she had completed her nursing training with the British Red Cross, Stephenson worked overseas with the Red Cross both before and after the Second World War.[10] This included working with Yugoslavian refugees in Egypt, in Italian refugee camps, in a mobile hospital for displaced Yugoslavian refugees in Germany and on an advisory board for child welfare in post-war Berlin.[11]
From 1947 to 1948, Stephenson held a Florence Nightingale Scholarship for the study of public health administration at the University of Toronto.[12]
Stephenson also worked in the American zone in Germany for the Red Cross and went on to work in Singapore, North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak.[13] The Glasgow Herald reported that, here, she was the first white woman to have been seen in one community and she delivered a baby to a 'headhunter' in another.[14]
After leaving the Red Cross, she assumed the position of County Nursing Officer for East Suffolk in 1948; this was at the very beginnings of the NHS.[15] This was followed by a position in community nursing in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1950.[16] Here, Stephenson participated in a research project which was published in 1956 as the Jameson report, "An Enquiry into Health Visiting" - this report led to reform within health visiting.[17]
Her appointment as founding Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the University of Edinburgh in June 1956 shocked members of the Scottish nursing community due to her lack of university education and teaching experience.[18] In her post as Director, Stephenson oversaw a new training scheme that expected students to graduate in an arts or humanities discipline before taking their nursing qualification.[19] In 1964 a degree programme in Nursing was established, as well as a school for overseas students, which was supported by the World Health Organisation.[20]
Stephenson supervised nursing students including Annie Altschul (co-supervised with Henry Walton), whose MSc thesis was completed in 1967, and her influence was acknowledged by Audrey John.[21]
Family life
On 14 November 1964, Stephenson married William Henry Gardner, son of the printer, William John Gardner.[22] Stephenson and Gardner had met at the Stockholm Red Cross conference in August 1948.[23]
Death
Stephenson died of lung cancer on 16 July 1967, in City Hospital, Edinburgh.[24] Her body was donated to medical research and her remains were buried at Walthamstow.[25]
Legacy
Stephenson has been described as having 'established nursing as a serious academic subject in one of our oldest and most distinguished universities'.[26]
Within days of Stephenson's death in 1967, the University of Edinburgh set up the Special (Elsie Stephenson) Nursing Studies Fund, with the aim of developing the work of the Department of Nursing Studies at the University.[27] The University of Edinburgh hosts an annual Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture, which celebrates the work of Stephenson.[28]
Eight years after Stephenson's death a launch called 'The Elsie Stephenson' was blessed in Kuching.[29]
References
- ^ "Elsie Stephenson". University of Edinburgh. University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Tilley, Stephen (2008). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Elsie Stephenson". University of Edinburgh. University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 15 (11): 1233. 1990. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 15 (11): 1233. 1990. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ Tilley, Stephen (2008). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35.
- ^ "Medical News". The British Medical Journal. 1 (5185): 1580. 21 May 1960. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5185.1580.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ Tilley, Stephen (15 April 2008). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 42–43.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". www.oxforddnb.com/. Oxford University Press.
{{cite web}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ Ross, Fiona. "Elsie Stephenson". University of Edinburgh. University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Wilson, Kathleen J. W. (October 1968). "Memorial Fund Honors Scottish Nurse". The American Journal of Nursing. 68 (10): 2120. doi:10.2307/3420748.
- ^ "11th Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture". University of Edinburgh. University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald: 6. 15 September 1986.