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| diversity = 6 genera, 20 species; ''See text''.
| diversity = 6 genera, 20 species; ''See text''.
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'''Somniosidae''' is a family of [[shark]]s in the order [[Squaliformes]], commonly known as sleeper sharks.<ref>{{FishBase family |family=Somniosidae |month=February |year=2011}}</ref>
The '''Somniosidae''' are a family of [[shark]]s in the order [[Squaliformes]], commonly known as sleeper sharks.<ref>{{FishBase family |family=Somniosidae |month=February |year=2011}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
Somniosidae can be found in the following areas:
The Somniosidae can be found in:
*[[Arctic]] to [[subantarctic]] waters
*[[Arctic]] to [[subantarctic]] waters
*all oceans
*All oceans
*shelves in cold waters
*Shelves in cold waters
*continental and slopes
*Continental and slopes
*temperate and tropical waters<ref name=Base>{{cite web|title=Family Somniosidae - Sleeper sharks|url=http://www.fishbase.us/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=658|publisher=Fish Base|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref>
*Temperate and tropical waters<ref name=Base>{{cite web|title=Family Somniosidae - Sleeper sharks|url=http://www.fishbase.us/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=658|publisher=Fish Base|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref>


==Diet==
==Diet==
Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest that these sharks feed on [[Colossal squid]].<ref>Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. {{PDFlink|[http://www.cephbase.utmb.edu/refdb/pdf/8114.pdf Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters.]|531&nbsp;KB}} ''Deep-Sea Research I'' '''51''': 17–31.</ref>
Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest that these sharks feed on [[colossal squid]].<ref>Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. {{PDFlink|[http://www.cephbase.utmb.edu/refdb/pdf/8114.pdf Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters.]|531&nbsp;KB}} ''Deep-Sea Research I'' '''51''': 17–31.</ref>


==Genera and species==
==Genera and species==
* ''[[Centroscymnus]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small>
* ''[[Centroscymnus]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small>
** ''[[Centroscymnus coelolepis]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small> (Portuguese dogfish)
** ''[[Centroscymnus coelolepis]]'' <small>Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864</small> (Portuguese dogfish)
** ''[[Centroscymnus owstonii]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1906</small> (Roughskin dogfish)
** ''[[Centroscymnus owstonii]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1906</small> (roughskin dogfish)
* ''[[Centroselachus]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1913</small>
* ''[[Centroselachus]]'' <small>Garman, 1913</small>
** ''[[Centroselachus crepidater]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small> (Longnose velvet dogfish)
** ''[[Centroselachus crepidater]]'' <small>Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello], 1864</small> (longnose velvet dogfish)
* ''[[Scymnodalatias]]'' <small>[[Jack Garrick|Garrick]], 1956</small>
* ''[[Scymnodalatias]]'' <small>[[Jack Garrick|Garrick]], 1956</small>
** ''[[Scymnodalatias albicauda]]'' <small>[[Toru Taniuchi|Taniuchi]] & [[Jack Garrick|Garrick]], 1986</small> (Whitetail dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias albicauda]]'' <small>[[Toru Taniuchi|Taniuchi]] & Garrick, 1986</small> (whitetail dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias garricki]]'' <small>Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988</small> (Azores dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias garricki]]'' <small>Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988</small> (Azores dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias oligodon]]'' <small>Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988</small> (Sparsetooth dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias oligodon]]'' <small>Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988</small> (sparsetooth dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias sherwoodi]]'' <small>[[Gilbert Edward Archey|Archey]], 1921</small> (Sherwood dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodalatias sherwoodi]]'' <small>[[Gilbert Edward Archey|Archey]], 1921</small> (Sherwood dogfish)
* ''[[Scymnodon]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small>
* ''[[Scymnodon]]'' <small>Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864</small>
** ''[[Scymnodon ichiharai]]'' <small>[[Kazunari Yano|Yano]] & [[Shigeho "Sho" Tanaka|S. Tanaka (II)]], 1984</small> (Japanese velvet dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodon ichiharai]]'' <small>[[Kazunari Yano|Yano]] & [[Shigeho "Sho" Tanaka|S. Tanaka (II)]], 1984</small> (Japanese velvet dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodon macracanthus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1906</small> (Largespine velvet dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodon macracanthus]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]], 1906</small> (largespine velvet dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodon plunketi]]'' <small>[[Edgar Ravenswood Waite|Waite]], 1910</small> (Plunket's shark)
** ''[[Scymnodon plunketi]]'' <small>[[Edgar Ravenswood Waite|Waite]], 1910</small> (Plunket's shark)
** ''[[Scymnodon ringens]]'' <small>[[José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage|Barbosa du Bocage]] & [[Félix António de Brito Capello|Brito Capello]], 1864</small> (Knifetooth dogfish)
** ''[[Scymnodon ringens]]'' <small>Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864</small> (knifetooth dogfish)
* ''[[Somniosus]]'' <small>[[Charles Alexandre Lesueur|Lesueur]], 1818</small>
* ''[[Somniosus]]'' <small>[[Charles Alexandre Lesueur|Lesueur]], 1818</small>
** ''[[Somniosus antarcticus]]'' <small>[[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whitley]], 1939</small> (Southern sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus antarcticus]]'' <small>[[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whitley]], 1939</small> (southern sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus longus]]'' <small>Tanaka, 1912</small> (Frog shark)
** ''[[Somniosus longus]]'' <small>Tanaka, 1912</small> (frog shark)
** ''[[Somniosus microcephalus]]'' <small>[[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|J. G. Schneider]], 1801</small> (Greenland shark)
** ''[[Somniosus microcephalus]]'' <small>[[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|J. G. Schneider]], 1801</small> (Greenland shark)
** ''[[Somniosus pacificus]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]] & [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]], 1944</small> (Pacific sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus pacificus]]'' <small>[[Henry Bryant Bigelow|Bigelow]] & [[William Charles Schroeder|Schroeder]], 1944</small> (Pacific sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus rostratus]]'' <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1827</small> (Little sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus rostratus]]'' <small>[[Antoine Risso|Risso]], 1827</small> (little sleeper shark)
** ''[[Somniosus sp. A]]'' <small>Not yet described</small> (Longnose sleeper shark)
** ''Somniosus'' sp. A <small>Not yet described</small> (longnose sleeper shark)


* ''[[Zameus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]] & [[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1903</small>
* ''[[Zameus]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]] & [[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1903</small>

Revision as of 00:33, 30 December 2015

Sleeper sharks
Somniosus sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
Order:
Squaliformes
Family:
Somniosidae

Diversity
6 genera, 20 species; See text.

The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks.[1]

Distribution and habitat

The Somniosidae can be found in:

  • Arctic to subantarctic waters
  • All oceans
  • Shelves in cold waters
  • Continental and slopes
  • Temperate and tropical waters[2]

Diet

Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest that these sharks feed on colossal squid.[3]

Genera and species

Hákarl

Main article: Hákarl

Greenland sharks of the family Somniosidae are hunted for food in Iceland. The shark carcass is traditionally fermented in a shallow pit, with stones placed on top of the shark, allowing poisonous internal fluids, like urea and trimethylamine oxide, to be pressed and drained out of the body. The meat is then cured for several months, rendering it safe for human consumption.[4]

References

  1. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Somniosidae". FishBase. February 2011 version.
  2. ^ "Family Somniosidae - Sleeper sharks". Fish Base. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  3. ^ Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. Template:PDFlink Deep-Sea Research I 51: 17–31.
  4. ^ Wheatley, Gale (20 September 2010). "Iceland's Wild Culinary Traditions: Hákarl and Brennivín".


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