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===Organisations===
===Organisations===


On 19 May 2014 the Republican Council formally asked the [[United Nations]] to recognise the sovereignty and independence of the Lugansk People's Republic.<ref>http://en.itar-tass.com/world/732204</ref> A UN spokesperson however was unable to confirm that any formal request had been made.<ref>http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_19/UN-does-not-acknowledge-request-to-recognize-Lugansks-People-Republic-4390/<ref>
On 19 May 2014 the Republican Council formally asked the [[United Nations]] to recognise the sovereignty and independence of the Lugansk People's Republic.<ref>http://en.itar-tass.com/world/732204</ref> A UN spokesperson however was unable to confirm that any formal request had been made.<ref>http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_05_19/UN-does-not-acknowledge-request-to-recognize-Lugansks-People-Republic-4390/</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 09:59, 18 June 2014

Lugansk People's Republic
Луганская народная республика
Luganskaya narodnaya respublika
Coat of arms[1] of Luhansk People's Republic
Coat of arms[1]
Capital
and largest city
Luhansk
Official languagesRussian
Ukranian
Ethnic groups
Russians
Ukrainians
Government
• People's Governor
Valery Bolotov[2]
• First Deputy People's Governor
Sergei Gennadevich Tsyplakov
• Commander of the Lugansk Guard
German Prokopyev[3]
LegislatureLugansk People's Council[4]
Independence from Ukraine
• Established
27 April 2014
11 May 2014
• Declaration of Independence
12 May 2014[5]
CurrencyUkrainian hryvnia (UAH)

The Lugansk People's Republic (Template:Lang-ru, Luganskaya narodnaya respublika) is a self-proclaimed state in eastern Ukraine, bordering the Russian Federation, the (also self-proclaimed) Donetsk People's Republic, and Ukraine itself. Following the Euromaidan protest movement and the deposition of President Viktor Yanukovich in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, local Antimaidan and pro-Russian protests intensified, culminating in the proclamation of the Lugansk People's Republic on 27 April 2014. The authorities of the Republic later held a referendum on 11 May to seek legitimacy for the proclamation, and subsequently declared independence on 12 May 2014. The Republic is not recognised by any country. Ukraine classifies the Republic as a terrorist organisation.[6] On 24 May, the two self-declared republics announced an intention to merge into a "Union of People's Republics".[7] The area of the region north of Luhansk, which is predominantly Ukrainian-speaking, has remained under the control of Ukraine and local self-defense forces.[8]

History

Occupation of government buildings

On 6 April, approximately 1,000 pro-Russian activists seized and occupied the SBU building in the city of Luhansk following similar occupations in the cities of Donetsk and Kharkiv.[9][10] Protesters demanded that separatists leaders that had been arrested over the course of the previous weeks be released.[9] In anticipation of government attempts to retake control of the building, barricades were erected to reinforce the protesters positions.[11][12]

A proposed Luhansk Parliamentary Republic was meant to be declared on 8 April.[13][14] This never occurred.

Pro-Russian protests in Luhansk, 30 April 2014. Message on poster: "When sons of bitches come to power, the people are faced with a dog's life."

By 12 April, the SBU building had once again come under the control of the local police forces.[15]

On 21 April, several thousand protesters gathered for a 'people's assembly' at the site of the local administration building, calling for the creation of a 'people's government', with protesters demanding either federalisation or incorporation into Russia.[16] Activists elected Valery Bolotov to the position of "People's Governor".[17] Two referendums were announced, one on 11 May to decide if the region should have autonomy or retain its current constitutional arrangement and a second scheduled for 18 May to decide whether the region should join the Russian Federation or become completely independent.[18]

Proclamation of the Luhansk People's Republic

On 27 April, protesters gathered outside the Regional Administration building to declare the existence of the "Luhansk People's Republic".[19] They demanded that Ukrainian government provide amnesty for all protesters, enshrine Russian as an official language, and hold a referendum on the status of the region.[19] They issued an ultimatum that stated that if Kiev did not meet their demands by 14:00 on 29 April, they would launch an insurgency in tandem with that of the Donetsk People's Republic.[19][20] The Ukrainian central government did not respond to the demand before due, and some armed activists of Luhansk made attempts to seize the regional government's headquarters and prosecutor's office.[21]

On 29 April, 2,000-3,000 protesters again stormed the regional administration building and occupied the entirety of the building.[22] Protestors were waiving locals flags alongside those of the Russian Federation and the neighbouring Donetsk People's Republic.[23] Police allegedly guarding the building defected and sided with the demonstrators.[24]

Territorial expansion

On 30 April 2014, Ukraine's acting President Olexander Turchynov admitted that security structures are unable to take the situation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions back under control.[25]

On 29 April 2014, in Pervomaisk, activists raised on the flag of the Luhansk People's Republic on the recently overrun local administration building.[26][27]

In the city of Krasnyi Luch on 30 April, the city council acceded to the demands of activists to hold a 11 May referendum, followed by the raising of the Russian flag over the council building whilst pledging their full co-operation.[26]

Antimaidan activists seized the Alchevsk city council building on 30 April.[28][29]

Local militia occupied the premises of the city council of Stakhanov on 1 May followed by the storming of the local police station, business center and SBU buildings later in the week.[30][31]

On 5 May 2014, activists in Rovenky briefly occupied then left the local police department.[32]

Police headquarters in the town of Slovianoserbsk were seized by members of the Army of the South-East on 5 May.[33][34]

Separatists reportedly seized the local prosecutors office in Sievierodonetsk on 7 May.[35]

On 8 May 2014, supporters of the Luhansk People's Republic stormed public buildings in Starobilsk replacing Ukrainian flag with that of the Luhansk's Republic.[36]

According to police sources, as of 10 May – the day before the referendum – Ukrainian forces retained control over 50% of the territory of Luhansk Oblast.[37]

Status referendum

Main article: Donetsk and Luhansk status referendums, 2014

On 11 May a referendum was held in the Luhansk region to determine ask voters whether or not they "supported declaration of state independence of the Lugansk People's Republic?".[38] The referendum was organised by the Central Electoral Commission of the Lugansk People's Republic, headed by Alexander Malykhin.[39]

The referendum organizers stated that 96.2% voted in favour of self-rule, with 3.8% against, on a turnout of 81%. There were no international observers to validate the referendum.[40]

Declaration of independence and subsequent developments

See also: Siege of the Luhansk Border Base and Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shoot-down

Following the outcome of the referendum, Valery Bolotov declared that the Lugansk People's Republic had become an "independent state".[41]

The Luhansk Regional Council, on the other hand, called for immediate federalisation of the Ukraine, asserting that "An absolute majority of people voted for the right to make their own decisions about how to live."[42][43] The council also demanded an immediate end to Ukrainian military activity in the region, an amnesty for anti-Kiev protestors and the granting of Russian the status of an official language.[43]

On 16 May, government forces captured Alexei Rilke, the commander of the 'Army of the Southeast'.[44] The next day, Ukrainian border guards arrested Valery Bolotov, the self-proclaimed governor of the Lugansk People's Republic. However, a little over two hours later, 150–200 armed separatists attacked the Dovzhansky checkpoint where he was being held, after unsuccessfully attempting negotiations. The ensuing firefight led to the handing over of Bolotov to the separatists.[45]

As of 20 May, the United Nations has received no formal declaration of statehood from Luhansk separatists.[46]

On 22 May, a convoy consisting of 100 government troops attempted to cross a bridge at Rubizhne, near Luhansk, and advance into rebel-held territory, but they were ambushed by a group of 300–500 rebels. After fighting that lasted throughout the day, the military retreated. 2–14 soldiers and 7–20 militiamen were killed during the day's fighting. Three army infantry combat vehicles and one truck were destroyed and another three armoured vehicles were captured by the rebels.[47][48][49]

The same day, the Interior Ministry of Ukraine said that the separatists had attempted to enter Luhansk from Russia, but were repelled by border guards.[50] Also, the leader of the separatist movement in Luhansk, Valery Bolotov, declared martial law in the region.[51]

Lugansk People's Republic militias attacked a Ukrainian National Guard unit in the early morning hours on 28 May.[52] RIA Novosti reported that 80 National Guard members subsequently surrendered to the Lugansk People's Republic forces,[53] while the National Guard issued a statement confirming that "there have been losses both in the ranks of the military unit and the attacking side."[52] At least one separatist and one soldier died in the fighting.[53][54]

Separatist leader Valery Bolotov announced on 28 May that the Lugansk People's Republic will begin to introduce its own legislation based on Russian law, as Ukrainian law was unsuitable due to it being "written for oligarchs."[55] Vasily Nikitin, the self-proclaimed prime minister, also announced that elections will be held for the republic's Supreme Council in September.[56]

On 31 May, two separatists were killed in a firefight with Ukrainian border forces.[57] Also, two days later, five separatists were killed when 500 fighters attacked a border guard base in Luhansk city. 11 border guards and eight separatists were wounded during the fighting,[58][59] which also killed one civilian.[60] The same day, 7–8 people were killed in an explosion at the occupied regional state administration building.[61][62] Separatists blamed the incident on a Ukrainian air strike, while Ukrainian officials denied this,[63] with a Ukrainian military spokesman and several Ukrainian media claiming the explosion was caused by a stray surface-to-air missile fired by the insurgents.[64] However, the next day, the OSCE published a report, based on 'limited observation', in which they blamed the explosion on an air-strike.[65] The military admitted conducting over 150 air-strikes during the day in the Luhansk area.[62]

On 4 June, rebels captured the besieged border guard base, as well as a National Guard base near Luhansk, after overnight fighting that left six militants dead and three soldiers wounded. Another border guard base was also captured in the town of Sverdlovsk. The National Guard base fell after soldiers there ran out of ammunition,[66] while separatists seized quantities of ammunition and explosives from the Luhansk border guard post.[67]

Leadership

  • People's Governor: Valery Bolotov[68]
  • First Deputy People's Governor: Sergei Gennadevich Tsyplakov[69]
  • Media Spokesperson: Vasily Nikitin[70]
  • Chief of Donbass People's Militia: German Prokopyev[3]
  • Foreign Minister: Irina Filatova[71]

On 13 May separatist leaders stated that Valery Bolotov was wounded in an assassination attempt, which they blamed on Ukrainian authorities.[72]

On 19 May 2014 the State Council of the Lugansk People's Republic elected Valeriy Bolotov to the post of President and Vasily Nikitin as the Prime Minister with Aleksey Karaykin as speaker of the State Council.[73]

Human rights concerns

The UN has observed an "alarming deterioration" in human rights in rebel held territory in eastern and southern Ukraine.[74] The UN has detailed growing lawlessness, documenting cases of targeted killings, torture and abduction, carried out by Lugansk People's Republic forces in eastern Ukraine.[75] The UN also highlighted threats, attacks and abductions of journalists and international observers, as well as the beatings and attacks on supporters of Ukrainian unity.[75]

Cossack involvement

The town of Antratsyt was allegedly occupied on 5 May 2014, allegedly by Don Cossacks.[76][77] Although it has been alleged that the occupiers came from Russia,[78] the Cossacks themselves said "almost nobody" had come from Russia.[79]

International Relations

Russia

On 12 June it was announced that the Lugansk government would seek to establish a "union state" with neighbouring Russia.[80] In tandem with its efforts to achieve this it was announced that the republic would seek to boost trade with the Russian federation through legislative, agricultural and economic changes.[81]

Recognition

On 11 June 2014, the Lugansk People's Republic asked that its independence be recognised by 15 countries including Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, Serbia, Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.[82]

  • South Ossetia South Ossetia - On 18 June, South Ossetia allegedly recognised the result of the May 11 Independence referendum and vowed to work the Lugansk People's Republic.[83]

Organisations

On 19 May 2014 the Republican Council formally asked the United Nations to recognise the sovereignty and independence of the Lugansk People's Republic.[84] A UN spokesperson however was unable to confirm that any formal request had been made.[85]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luhansk People's Republic.

References

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