Ruthenians: Difference between revisions
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|poptime=68 million est.<br />(57.5 mln [[Ukrainians]], 10.5 mln [[Belarusians]], 70,000+ [[Rusyns]]<ref>There are an estimated 1.2 million people of Rusyn descent, mostly in Ukraine, where the question is highly political Magocsi, Paul Robert (1995). "The Rusyn Question". Political Thought (http://www.litopys.org.ua/rizne/magocie.htm) 2-3 (6): 221–231; The number who self identify as Rusyn in the area include: |
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|poptime=68 million est.<br />(57.5m [[Ukrainians]], 10.5m [[Belarusians]], 0.1m [[Rusyns]]) |
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Slovakia 33,482: Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts - Population and Housing Census 2011, Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic; |
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Ukraine: 10,100: ^ a b c d Про кількість та склад населення Закарпатської області |
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за підсумками Всеукраїнського перепису населення 2001 року. The higher figure is an estimate based on the proportions of local-born ethnic "Ukrainians" living in relevant West-Ukrainian oblasts; the Dolinyan, Boyko and Hutsul areas are included. See Карта говорiв украïнськоï мови, 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907), 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005), 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008. How this estimate has been prepared in detail, is represented in the Table 1 of this article. |
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Serbia 15,626: http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/en/popis.htm |
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Hungary 10,000: Tom Masters, Eastern Europe, Lonely Planet, 2007 p. 353 |
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Croatia 2,879: Population by nationality, in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census - State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia. |
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Czech Republic 1,109: http://www.vlada.cz/cz/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/mensiny/rusinska-narodnostni-mensina-16151/ |
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</ref>) |
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==Autonomy== |
==Autonomy== |
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A small percentage of Ruthenians who still identify under the historic [[Rusyn]] ethnonym consider themselves to be a separate national and linguistic group from Ukrainians & Belarusians. This is recognized in 22 countries around the globe.{{fact|date=January 2013}} According to the 2001 All-Ukrainian Census in [[Zakarpattia Oblast]], approximately 10,000 Rusyns reside within Ukraine. In total, it approximately 100,000 Rusyns exist globally. |
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In 1992 and 2002 the regional council of Zakarpattia appealed twice to the members of the Ukrainian parliament ([[Verkhovna Rada]]) with a request to recognize Rusyns as a distinct nationality. In August 2006, the UN Committee on liquidation of racial discrimination urged the [[Government of Ukraine]] to recognize Rusyns as a national minority.{{fact|date=January 2013}} In March 2007 the Zakarpatttia regional council recognized that ethnic group on territory of the region as a nationality.{{fact|date=January 2013}} |
In 1992 and 2002 the regional council of Zakarpattia appealed twice to the members of the Ukrainian parliament ([[Verkhovna Rada]]) with a request to recognize Rusyns as a distinct nationality. In August 2006, the UN Committee on liquidation of racial discrimination urged the [[Government of Ukraine]] to recognize Rusyns as a national minority.{{fact|date=January 2013}} In March 2007 the Zakarpatttia regional council recognized that ethnic group on territory of the region as a nationality.{{fact|date=January 2013}} |
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The criminal case (part 2, Art.110 of the Criminal Code) was initiated right after the 1st European Congress of Rusyns took place in [[Mukachevo]] on June 7, 2008. At that particular congress it was recognized the reinstating of the Zakarpattia's special status as special "territory of Rusys to the south of Carpathians" with self-government under the constitutional name Subcarpathian Rus. On Saturday, October 29, in Mukachevo at the 2nd Congress the memorandum was signed and was intended to go into force on December 1, 2008. Until then the authorities had to start a process on recognition of the Subcarpathian Rus autonomy. |
The criminal case (part 2, Art.110 of the Criminal Code) was initiated right after the 1st European Congress of Rusyns took place in [[Mukachevo]] on June 7, 2008. At that particular congress it was recognized the reinstating of the Zakarpattia's special status as special "territory of Rusys to the south of Carpathians" with self-government under the constitutional name Subcarpathian Rus. On Saturday, October 29, in Mukachevo at the 2nd Congress the memorandum was signed and was intended to go into force on December 1, 2008. Until then the authorities had to start a process on recognition of the Subcarpathian Rus autonomy. |
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Rusyns (Rusnaks, Karpatorussians) are indigenous Slavic population of the Carpathian Region. They consider themselves a separate nation and recognized in 22 countries around the globe. According to the 2001 All-Ukrainian Census in [[Zakarpattia Oblast]] live over 10,000 Rusyns. In 1992 and 2002 the regional council of Zakarpattia appealed twice to the members of the Ukrainian parliament ([[Verkhovna Rada]]) with a request to recognize Rusyns as a distinct nationality. In August 2006, the UN Committee on liquidation of racial discrimination urged the [[Government of Ukraine]] to recognize Rusyns as a national minority. In March 2007 the Zakarpatttia regional council recognized that ethnic group on territory of the region as a nationality. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 21:03, 24 January 2013
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Ruthenia | |
 Ukraine | 37,827,556 |
 Belarus | 8,318,073 |
 Russia | 2,818,431 |
 Canada | 1,219,590 |
 USA | 1,720,047 |
| Languages | |
| Previously Ruthenian; currently Belarusian, Ukrainian, Rusyn | |
| Religion | |
| Eastern Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ukrainians, Belarusians, Rusyns and various Slavic peoples | |
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The English term Ruthenian, also Ruthene, also Rusyns, (Russian: Русины, Ukrainian: Русини, Руські, Belarusian: Русіны, Rusyn: Русины); Latin Ruthenia, is a well established if sometimes obsolete exonym originally used for the people of Rus, primarily the medieval kingdom of Kievan Rus', comprising parts of modern-day Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. The term is culturally loaded and has various meanings in different contexts. For example, in 2008 a controversy arose accusing Ruthenian (Zakarpattia Oblast) archpriest Dmytro Sidor of the Moscow Patriarchy of anti-Ukrainian separatist activities.[2]
Historically, Ruthenian was the ethnonym used for the East Slavic peoples who lived in Rus'. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia the term was used predominantly to refer to East Slavs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire or to Ukrainians or Little Russians of the Russian Empire as opposed to Great Russians centered on Moscow. With the emergence of Ukrainian nationalism in the mid nineteenth-century, the term went out of use in what is now eastern and central Ukraine, with modern-day western Ukraine (namely Carpathian Ruthenia) remaining part of Czechoslovakia prior to World War II. In the interbellum period the term was also used in the Second Polish Republic for people from the Kresy Wschodnie. Today it is predominantly used as autonym by the people of Zakarpattia Oblast and by some émigré populations outside of Ukraine. Its use has also been retained on a small scale for such groups as the Pannonian Rusyns and by Ruthenian Catholics using the Byzantine Rite under the Pope within the Catholic Church.
Etymology
Originally, the term Rusyn was an ethnonym applied to the eastern Slavic-speaking ethnic group who inhabited the cultural and ethnic region of Rus' (Русь); often written through its Latin variant Ruthenia.
The names "Ruthenians" or "Ruthenes" were the Latin terms referring to Slavic people (those who spoke the Ruthenian language) living successively in the kingdom of Kievan Rus' and then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[3] With borders that varied greatly over time, they inhabited the area that is now Belarus, Ukraine, eastern portions of Slovakia and Poland, and Western Russia (area around Bryansk, Smolensk, Velizh and Vyazma).
After the area of White Ruthenia (Belarus) became part of the Russian Empire, the people of the area were often seen as a sub-group of Russians, and were often referred to as "White Russians" due to a confusion of the terms "Russia" and "Ruthenia."
Later "Ruthenians" or "Ruthenes" were used as a generic term for Greek Catholic, who inhabited Galicia and adjoining territories until the early twentieth-century; this group spoke Western dialects of the Ukrainian language and called themselves Русины, Rusyns (Carpatho-Russians).
The language these "Ruthenians" or "Ruthenes" spoke was also called the "Ruthenian language"; the name Ukrajins’ka mova ("Ukrainian language") became accepted by much of the Ukrainian literary class only in the early twentieth-century in Austro-Hungarian Galicia. After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918 the term "Ukrainian" was usually applied to all Ukrainian-speaking inhabitants of Galicia.
Autonomy
In 1992 and 2002 the regional council of Zakarpattia appealed twice to the members of the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) with a request to recognize Rusyns as a distinct nationality. In August 2006, the UN Committee on liquidation of racial discrimination urged the Government of Ukraine to recognize Rusyns as a national minority.[citation needed] In March 2007 the Zakarpatttia regional council recognized that ethnic group on territory of the region as a nationality.[citation needed]
According to the "Kommersant-Ukraine" (Ukrainian edition) on October 29, 2008 the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) in Zakarpattia Oblast agents questioned the leaders of Subcarpathian Rusyns Dmytro Sidor and Yevgeniy Zhupan.[4] They were summoned to SBU as witnesses in a criminal case on the infringement on territorial integrity of Ukraine initiated in June 2008. However the investigators were interested in the circumstances and sources of financing the 2nd European Congress of Rusyns that took place on October 25, at which the memorandum on reinstating the Rusyn's statehood was signed. According to Dmytro Sidor the Rusyn's movement is financed through a medium business. At the same time Rusyn leaders claim that do not infringe on territorial integrity of the country.
The criminal case (part 2, Art.110 of the Criminal Code) was initiated right after the 1st European Congress of Rusyns took place in Mukachevo on June 7, 2008. At that particular congress it was recognized the reinstating of the Zakarpattia's special status as special "territory of Rusys to the south of Carpathians" with self-government under the constitutional name Subcarpathian Rus. On Saturday, October 29, in Mukachevo at the 2nd Congress the memorandum was signed and was intended to go into force on December 1, 2008. Until then the authorities had to start a process on recognition of the Subcarpathian Rus autonomy.
Rusyns (Rusnaks, Karpatorussians) are indigenous Slavic population of the Carpathian Region. They consider themselves a separate nation and recognized in 22 countries around the globe. According to the 2001 All-Ukrainian Census in Zakarpattia Oblast live over 10,000 Rusyns. In 1992 and 2002 the regional council of Zakarpattia appealed twice to the members of the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) with a request to recognize Rusyns as a distinct nationality. In August 2006, the UN Committee on liquidation of racial discrimination urged the Government of Ukraine to recognize Rusyns as a national minority. In March 2007 the Zakarpatttia regional council recognized that ethnic group on territory of the region as a nationality.
See also
- Ruthenia
- Ruthenian (disambiguation)
- Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth
- Rusyns
- Ukrainians
- Ukrainian Russophiles
- Belarusians
References
- ^ There are an estimated 1.2 million people of Rusyn descent, mostly in Ukraine, where the question is highly political Magocsi, Paul Robert (1995). "The Rusyn Question". Political Thought (http://www.litopys.org.ua/rizne/magocie.htm)+2-3 (6): 221–231; The number who self identify as Rusyn in the area include: Slovakia 33,482: Permanently resident population by nationality and by regions and districts - Population and Housing Census 2011, Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic; Ukraine: 10,100: ^ a b c d Про кількість та склад населення Закарпатської області за підсумками Всеукраїнського перепису населення 2001 року. The higher figure is an estimate based on the proportions of local-born ethnic "Ukrainians" living in relevant West-Ukrainian oblasts; the Dolinyan, Boyko and Hutsul areas are included. See Карта говорiв украïнськоï мови, 10.10.2008; Энциклопедический словарь: В 86 томах с иллюстрациями и дополнительными материалами. Edited by Андреевский, И.Е. − Арсеньев, К.К. − Петрушевский, Ф.Ф. − Шевяков, В.Т., s.v. Русины. Online version. Вологда, Russia: Вологодская областная универсальная научная библиотека, 2001 (1890−1907), 10.10.2008; Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Edited by Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., s.v. Rusyn. Fifteenth edition. Online version. Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.: SIL International, 2008 (2005), 10.10.2008; Eurominority: Peoples in search of freedom. Edited by Bodlore-Penlaez, Mikael, s.v. Ruthenians. Quimper, France: Organization for the European Minorities, 1999–2008, 10.10.2008. How this estimate has been prepared in detail, is represented in the Table 1 of this article. Serbia 15,626: http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/en/popis.htm Hungary 10,000: Tom Masters, Eastern Europe, Lonely Planet, 2007 p. 353 Croatia 2,879: Population by nationality, in cities and municipalities, 2001 Census - State Institute for Statistics of the Republic of Croatia. Czech Republic 1,109: http://www.vlada.cz/cz/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/mensiny/rusinska-narodnostni-mensina-16151/
- ^ http://ua.glavred.info/archive/2008/10/30/092718-16.html
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Template:Uk icon "Лідерів русинів допитали в СБУ" (Leaders of Rusyns were questioned in SBU) by "GlavRed". October 30, 2008
External links
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Rusyn on the Internet