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==Structure==<!-- 2011-12-09 23:45 new section identical to [[Venice Cup#Structure]], later to be a Main article or Main section elsewhere -->
==Structure==


The zonal quotas and structures are now identical for the Open, Women, and Seniors flights of Zonal Teams, and the three tournaments are concurrent. There are 22 teams —1 from the host country, 6 from Europe, and so on— each four to six players and a captain who may be one of the players.<ref group=lower-alpha>
The zonal quotas and structures are now identical for the Open, Women, and Seniors flights of Zonal Teams, and the three tournaments are concurrent. There are 22 teams —1 from the host country, 6 from Europe, and so on— each four to six players and a captain who may be one of the players.<ref group=lower-alpha>
There may be others in the party, including some listed in the WBF database, such as a coach ({{WBFpeople|175|Eric Kokish}}). They are not official team members.
There may be others in the party, including some listed in the WBF database, such as a coach (for example, {{WBFpeople|175|Eric Kokish}}). They are not official team members.
</ref>
</ref>
They compete as {{gcb|teams|teams-of-four}} with scoring by
They compete as {{gcb|teams|teams-of-four}} with scoring by {{gcb|imps |International Match Points}} (IMP).


For one week 22 teams play round-robin matches of 16 deals, scored by International Match Points (IMP) converted to Victory Points (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser. The 8 leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days or 128 in three for the final match. The [[World Transnational Open Teams Championship]] begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.#
For one week everyone plays round-robin matches of 16 deals, three daily matches (21 in all) with IMP margins converted to {{gcb|victorypoints |Victory Points}} (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser.
The eight round-robin leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days (except 128 in three days for the Open final), with {{gcb|carryover}} as much as 16 IMP from the short matches between the same teams.# The [[World Transnational Open Teams Championship]] begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.#


==Latest rendition==
==Latest rendition==
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| '''France''' ||0 || ||45 ||21 ||23 ||<small>=89 ||13 ||30 ||33 || ||165
| '''France''' ||0 || ||45 ||21 ||23 ||<small>=89 ||13 ||30 ||33 || ||165
|}
|}
The Americans started with 6.33 IMP {{gcb|carryover}} from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 {{gcb|deal}}s of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.
The Americans started with 6.33 IMP carryover from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 {{gcb|deal}}s of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.


<!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet -->
<!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet -->
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<br>São Paulo, Brazil
<br>São Paulo, Brazil
<br>
<br>
<br>22
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|England}} '''England'''<br><small>Paul D Hackett, Gunnar Hallberg, Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson
||1.|| {{flagicon|England}} '''England'''<br><small>Paul D Hackett, Gunnar Hallberg, Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"

Revision as of 22:52, 9 December 2011

The d'Orsi Senior Bowl, or Senior Bowl or d'Orsi Bowl, is a biennial world championship contract bridge tournament for national teams of "Seniors", players age 60 and older.[a] It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation (WBF), alongside the Bermuda Bowl (Open) and Venice Cup (Women). Entries formally represent WBF Zones as well as nations so it is also known as the "World Zonal Senior Team Championship", one of three "World Zonal Team Championships".[1][2] It became an official world championship event in 2001 following a successful exhibition in 2000.#

Alternatively, the d'Orsi Senior Bowl is the trophy awarded to the winning team. It was donated at the 2009 tournament in Brazil by former WBF President Ernesto d'Orsi,[b] and the tournament was renamed at that time.[3]

France won its first title in the 6th Senior Bowl tournament, October 2011 in Veldhoven, Netherlands. USA 2[c] and Poland placed second and third.[4]

The next rendition will be September 2013 in Bali, Indonesia.[5]

Structure

The zonal quotas and structures are now identical for the Open, Women, and Seniors flights of Zonal Teams, and the three tournaments are concurrent. There are 22 teams —1 from the host country, 6 from Europe, and so on— each four to six players and a captain who may be one of the players.[d] They compete as teams-of-four with scoring by International Match Points (IMP).

For one week everyone plays round-robin matches of 16 deals, three daily matches (21 in all) with IMP margins converted to Victory Points (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser.

The eight round-robin leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days (except 128 in three days for the Open final), with carryover as much as 16 IMP from the short matches between the same teams.# The World Transnational Open Teams Championship begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.#

Latest rendition

France won the 2011 d'Orsi Bowl by 165 to 160 IMP in a two-day final match against USA 2,[6] the second of two qualifiers from the United States.[c]

USA 2 6+ 8 11 20 =45+ 79 17 19 160+
France 0 45 21 23 =89 13 30 33 165

The Americans started with 6.33 IMP carryover from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 deals of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.

The final lead change occurred on the 87th deal (#23) where France played 5♦ and made it while USA played at a 4♦ opening bid. France never led by so much as 11 IMP, which is attainable at once, and the final margin less than 5 IMP commonly scored at once. So the outcome "went to the end", even for spectators (who know the score, as players don't).[e][7]

There were 22 national teams in the field, who represented the eight WBF zones as follows.[8] The regular quota for Europe is six teams, seven at Veldhoven because the host country qualifies automatically.#

Europe: Poland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherlands —ranks 1 to 6 and 12 in the European championship[9]
North America: Canada, USA 1, USA 2[c]
South America: Argentina, Brazil
Asia & Middle East: India, Pakistan
C. America & Carib.: Guadeloupe
Pacific Asia: China Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan
South Pacific: Australia, New Zealand
Africa: Egypt, Reunion

The first stage was a full round-robin scheduled in advance.[f] Every team played 21 short matches of 16(?) deals at three per day.

2000 exhibition

For the 50th anniversary of the Bermuda Bowl in January 2000, the World Teams returned to Bermuda for Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup tournaments completing the 1998–1999 cycle. A short exhibition for Seniors was added to the program. (The World Computer Bridge Championships also debuted in Bermuda.)[10]

Six teams were invited by the WBF: four national teams, one from North America, and "World Champions" comprising one pair each from Austria, Bulgaria, and Israel.[11] The two Austrians and two Israelis had played on both winners of the (transnational) World Senior Teams Championship, 1994 and 1998, with one of the two Bulgarians as a teammate in 1998.#

The 2000 Seniors played a double round-robin, ten matches of 20 deals, during the first five days of the main events, followed by two days of playoff matches. Thus all participants were able to enter the Transnational Open Teams contested during the second week of the main events.[12]

Poland defeated France in the 60-deal final by 229 to 73 IMP. France scored slightly better in the first of three sessions but the second and third were routs by Poland.[13]

Year, Site, Entries Medalists
2000[11][12][14] (unofficial)


January 8–14

Southampton, Bermuda  

6 teams

1.  Poland Poland
Aleksander Jezioro, Julian Klukowski, Janusz Nowak, Stefan Szenberg, Andrzej Wilkosz  
2. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, Jean-Marc Roudinesco
3. China China
Gu XUEHAI, Li Jin, Lu YULIN, Tang HOUZU, Lu ZHENTING

Standings in the round-robin stage were identical to the final standings. Only Poland and France scored better than average (150 Victory Points, equivalent to ten ties) followed by China, North America, World Champions, and Australia.

In two one-day semifinals Poland beat North America 190–74 and France beat China 145–83,[15] while World Champions won a fifth-place match against Australia 130–53.[16] On the final day Poland beat France in 60 deals and China won third place in 40 deals against North America, 133 to 80.[17]

Official world championship flights for Seniors were added to both the quadrennial World Team Olympiad beginning 2000 (ten months later) and to the biennial World Team Championships beginning 2001 (twenty months later).

Historical results

The first Senior Bowl trophy debuted in 2001[citation needed] and the eponymous tournament for senior teams joined the official "World Team Championships" program beside the Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup for open and women teams.[18] From eight teams in 2001 the field quickly expanded to match the other flights in size with 22 teams each by 2005.

United States teams won the first four Senior Bowls while the other United States team twice finished third. Three Americans in different combinations won three apiece: Roger Bates, Grant Baze, and Garey Hayden. Indonesia has won three medals and European teams have won eight, with England and France winning the last two Bowls.

Year, Site, Entries Medalists
2001[19][20]

Oct 21–Nov 3

Paris, France

8 teams

1. United States USA 2[c]
Grant Baze, Gene Freed, Garey Hayden, Joe Kivel, Chris Larsen, John Onstott
2. Poland Poland
Wit Klapper, Jerzy Russyan, Stefan Szenberg, Włodzimierz Wala, Andrzej Wilkosz
3. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Marc Schneider
2003[21][22]

November 2–15

Monte Carlo, Monaco

15 teams

1. United States USA 1[c]
Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Garey Hayden, Gaylor Kasle, Steve Robinson, Kit Woolsey
2. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Philippe Poizat
3. United States USA 2[c]
Dennis Dawson, Arnold Fisher, Zeke Jabbour, Clement Jackson, John Mohan, John Sutherlin
2005[23][24]

Oct 22–Nov 5

Estoril, Portugal

22 teams

1. United States USA 1[c]
Roger Bates, Garey Hayden, Rose Meltzer, Alan Sontag, Lew Stansby, Peter Weichsel
2. Indonesia Indonesia
Arwin Budirahardja, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Amiruddin Yusuf
3. Denmark Denmark
Jens Auken, Flemming Dahl, Peter Lund, Kirsten Steen Møller, Steen Møller, Georg Norris
2007[25][26]

Sep 29–Oct 13

Shanghai, China

22 teams

1. United States USA 2
Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Bart Bramley, Rose Meltzer, Alan Sontag, Lew Stansby
2. Indonesia Indonesia
Henky Lasut, Anindara Lubis, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Ferdinand Robert Waluyan
3. United States USA 1
Dan Gerstman, Gaylor Kasle, Dan Morse, Ron Smith, John Sutherlin, Bobby Wolff
2009[27][28]

Aug 29–Sep 12

São Paulo, Brazil

22 teams

1. England England
Paul D Hackett, Gunnar Hallberg, Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson
2. Poland Poland
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan
3. Indonesia Indonesia
Arianto Karna Djajanegara, Michael Bambang Hartono, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin  
2011[4][29]

October 15–29

Veldhoven, Netherlands  

22 teams

1. France France
Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Patrice Piganeau, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte
2. United States USA 2[c]
Peter Boyd, Neil Chambers, Gaylor Kasle, Larry Kozlove, Steve Robinson, John Schermer
3. Poland Poland
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan

Zones and nations

There are eight geographic zones and eight associated zonal bridge federations, all permitted to enter at least one team in the Bermuda Bowl since 199? (Africa). The members of zonal bridge federations are national federations. "Nations" are defined by the so-called national organizations that WBF zones (zonal federations, and thus WBF) accept as members: Wales, China Hong Kong, and French Polynesia are nations in Europe, Pacific Asia, and South Pacific zones respectively. Zonal membership defines geography: Europe includes Lebanon and Israel, and formerly Egypt.

Most zones select national teams for "zonal" world championships: teams comprising players from one bridge nation; no more than one team from any member nation.

Exception: North America, once represented by a North America team that was sometimes transnational in composition; now represented by three national teams always including two from USA.
Exception: Central America & Caribbean, sometimes represented by transnational teams such as Guadeloupe/Martinique.
Exception: There were transnational Senior Bowl entries from Egypt and South Africa in 2001, Argentina and Brazil in 2003.

Those are exceptions of different kinds ...

After 2003(?) the three biennial Zonal Teams tournaments (12 tournaments of size 22) have included only national teams, in the sense where two USA teams are both national.

See also

World Team Olympiad

Notes

  1. ^ Seniors in world bridge are people who turn age 60 or greater during the calendar year: for 2011, people born 1951 or earlier.Senior Bridge. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
    • Through 2005 the minimum age was 55. It was increased to age 60 by holding the defining year at 1950 for six years; thus all Seniors remained eligible during the transition. Senior Bridge. WBF. Retrieved 2008-09-28. (no longer available)
  2. ^ At the time, the Brazilian d'Orsi had been Chairman of both the WBF Competition & Tournament Committee and its Rules & Regulations Committee since 1995; Chairman of the WBF Master Points Committee since 2002; and President of CSB (Zone 3, South America) since 2008.
    • "International record for Ernesto D'ORSI". World Bridge Federation.. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Annual rankings published by the WBF show double representation for the US in all Senior Bowl tournaments. Select "Venue" links at "World Team Championships to Date". Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  4. ^ There may be others in the party, including some listed in the WBF database, such as a coach (for example, "International record for Eric Kokish". World Bridge Federation.). They are not official team members.
  5. ^ Players at the table know the score precisely only at the beginning of a segment, when lineups may be changed too. Neither communication with active players nor their replacement is permitted during a segment and inactive players are likely to be among the spectators at the end of a close match.
  6. ^ Schedule of Play / d'Orsi Seniors Bowl. 2011. WBF.
    Given the single round-robin structure, the particular schedule should make little difference to the outcome of the first stage.

References

  1. ^ World Championships. World Bridge Federation (WBF). Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  2. ^ 40th World Teams; "Information".
  3. ^ 40th World Teams, top page.
  4. ^ a b 40th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2011. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
  5. ^ Headlines. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  6. ^ 6th d'Orsi Senior Bowl Knockout: Final, 2011. WBF.
  7. ^ 2011 final segment scorecard, 40th World Teams.
  8. ^ 40th World Teams, "Participants".
  9. ^ Results & Participants, 50th European Team Championships, 2010. European Bridge League.
  10. ^ World Computer Bridge Championships, Orbis World Bridge Championships, 2000.
  11. ^ a b Orbis Senior Teams Championships, 2000.
  12. ^ a b Results (linked schedule), Orbis World Bridge Championships, 2000. WBF.
    • Entries in the schedule are linked to match results and intermediate standings.
  13. ^ Seniors Final, 2000.
  14. ^ Orbis World Bridge Championships contemporary coverage, 2000. WBF.
  15. ^ Seniors Semifinals, 2000.
  16. ^ Seniors Playoff for Places 5-6, 2000.
  17. ^ Seniors Playoff for Places 3-4, 2000.
  18. ^ World Team Championships (To Date table). WBF.
  19. ^ 35th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2001. WBF.
  20. ^ World Bridge Championships contemporary coverage, 2001. WBF.
  21. ^ 36th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2003. WBF.
  22. ^ World Bridge Championships contemporary coverage, 2003. WBF.
  23. ^ 37th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2005. WBF.
  24. ^ World Team Championships contemporary coverage, 2005. WBF.
  25. ^ 38th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2007. WBF.
  26. ^ 38th World Team Championships contemporary coverage, 2007. WBF.
  27. ^ 39th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2009. WBF. Confirmed 2011-08-15.
  28. ^ 39th World Team Championships contemporary coverage, 2009. WBF.
  29. ^ 40th World Teams.
Citations
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