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|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note = 28.1% increase from 1990 Census
|population_note = 32.2% increase from 1990 Census
|population_total = 5,960
|population_total = 9,599
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics]]
|demographics_type1 =[[Demographics]]
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[Zip code|ZIP Codes]]
|postal_code_type = [[Zip code|ZIP Codes]]
|postal_code = 44113, 44114
|postal_code = 44113, 44114, 44115
|area_code =216
|area_code =216
|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median income]]
|blank_name = [[Household income in the United States|Median income]]

Revision as of 20:43, 15 July 2011

Downtown
Neighborhoods of Cleveland
Two eras of Cleveland skyscrapers meet on Public Square: Cesar Pelli's 20th Century Key Tower (1992) and John Wellborn Root's 19th Century Society for Savings Building (1890).
Two eras of Cleveland skyscrapers meet on Public Square: Cesar Pelli's 20th Century Key Tower (1992) and John Wellborn Root's 19th Century Society for Savings Building (1890).
Map
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyCuyahoga
CityCleveland
Population
 (2000)
 • Total9,599
 32.2% increase from 1990 Census
Demographics
 • White36.8%
 • Black55.7%
 • Hispanic3%
 • Asian4.1%
 • Other1.1%
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
44113, 44114, 44115
Area code216
Median income$26,285
Source: 2000 U.S. Census, City Planning Commission of Cleveland [1]
Panorama of Cleveland in 1909

Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. Reinvestment in the area in the mid-1990s spurred a rebirth that continues to this day, with over $2 billion in residential and commercial developments slated for the area over the next few years. While much of the city's population decamped to surrounding suburbs in the second half of the 20th century, downtown Cleveland gained population in the first decade of the 21st century,[2] growing from 7,261 in 1990 to 9,599 as of the 2000 Census. In 2005, the Brookings Institution called it one of America's "Emerging Downtowns" because of its 32.2% growth over the period. As of the 2010 Census the population of Downtown Cleveland was 11,693 making it the biggest downtown district in Ohio. [3]


Public Square

Main article: Public Square
Superior Avenue near Public Square

The heart of downtown and the city's first settled area, Public Square was laid out by city founder Moses Cleaveland in 1796 and has remained largely unchanged.[4] It consists of a large open space, cut into quadrants by Ontario Street and Superior Avenue. Public Square is the symbolic heart of the city, and has hosted presidents, vast congregations of people, and a free annual 4th of July concert by the Cleveland Orchestra. At one time, Public Square was fenced off and inaccessible to vehicles. In 1860, the Perry Monument, a memorial to Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's victory in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812, was dedicated in the center of Public Square. In 1892, it was moved out of the square, which by then had the fences removed after lobbying by commercial interests. Public Square is also home to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, which commemorates residents of Cuyahoga County who served in the Civil War. Public Square also features a statue of Cleaveland; a statue of Tom L. Johnson, the city's most famous mayor; a large amount of shrubbery and other landscaping; and a large public fountain.[5] The Consulate-General of Slovenia in Cleveland is in the 55 Public Square building.[6]

Notable buildings on Public Square include the Terminal Tower,[7] home to Tower City Center,[8] 200 Public Square - the former BP Building (renamed in 2005),[9] as well as Key Tower, the tallest building in Ohio and one of the tallest in the United States.[10] Public Square is also home to the historic Old Stone Church,[11] completed in 1855. The west side of Public Square was to become the headquarters of the Cleveland Trust Company, then called Ameritrust, but the project was cancelled after Ameritrust was purchased and merged into Key Bank, leaving that side of the square open to this day, with only a surface parking lot on the site.[12] The region is currently debating the best use of Public Square, and several residents and organizations have called for the square to be closed to traffic during non-peak hours of the weekday. Plans floated for a square redesign include an ice skating rink, amphitheater, farmer's market, restaurant with outdoor seating, and other ideas, all of which are designed to draw people to the square as a gathering place.[13]

Historic Warehouse District

Main article: The Warehouse District
St. Clair Avenue in the Historic Warehouse District

Cleveland's first neighborhood, the Warehouse District, was originally a residential area, then became a warehousing and shipping neighborhood,[14] and has morphed into an entertainment, dining, and residential hub. The Warehouse District is the largest downtown neighborhood by population, and continues to grow with an assortment of shops, clubs, bars, and loft condos/apartments.[15] In 2005, local developer Robert L. Stark, of Stark Enterprises, planned a $1 billion redevelopment of parking lots, adding retail, office, housing, and structured parking in a series of buildings from the lakefront to Public Square,[16] see "Stark Project" below.

Historic Gateway District

The Arcade in the late 1960s

The Historic Gateway District was one of the first revitalized areas of downtown, thanks largely to the Gateway Project, which includes Progressive Field and Quicken Loans Arena, the homes of the MLB Cleveland Indians, NBA Cleveland Cavaliers, AFL Cleveland Gladiators, and AHL Lake Erie Monsters. The Gateway complex was built on parking lots on the site of a former produce market.[17] The baseball stadium and basketball arena are connected to Tower City Center, and RTA's rail transit system, via an enclosed walkway.[18] The neighborhood includes retail,[19] housing,[20] and a large variety of restaurants.[21] East 4th Street, an emerging downtown neighborhood, is home to Cleveland's House of Blues, Iron Chef Michael Symon's Lola Bistro, comedy club/restaurant Pickwick and Frolic, as well as other dining and entertainment options, retail, loft condominiums, and apartments.[22] The Gateway District also houses the Cleveland Arcade, the first indoor shopping mall in the United States.[23]

Civic Center

The Justice Center Complex

The Civic Center district includes most of Cleveland's public buildings. City Hall is here,[24] as is the Justice Center Complex, home of the City Police Headquarters,[25] Cuyahoga County and Cleveland Municipal Courts Tower,[26] and the Correction Center.[27] The Cuyahoga County Court House is here,[28] as is the Cleveland Convention Center with its underground exhibit facility.[29] Other buildings in the district include the Cleveland Public Library main building,[30] the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland,[31] the Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse,[32] and the Cleveland Metropolitan School District administration building.[33] The Public Malls, Malls A, B, and C, also known as the Burnham Malls, hold public green space and gardens fronting the lake.[34] As of 2005, one of the two plans for a new Cleveland convention center includes adding an additional mall that extends north towards the lake, the other being a new center built at Tower City.[35]

Financial District

East 9th Street financial district
Reserve Square Apartments.

Cleveland's financial district, the area around East 9th street, holds a dense conglomeration of banks. The district is home to the headquarters of two Fortune 500 firms: the Eaton Corporation[36] and National City Bank.[37] "Big Four" accounting firm Ernst & Young was founded in Cleveland (as Ernst & Ernst), and still occupies its original offices in the Huntington Building.[citation needed] Additionally, the headquarters of global and national law firms, including Jones Day[38] and Baker and Hostetler,[39] are headquartered in the financial district. The forty-story Erieview Tower, part of the largely unbuilt Erieview Urban Renewal Project of the 1960s, is also located in the district with its attached mall, The Galleria, which was added to the Tower in the 1980s.[40] Another landmark skyscraper, the "silver chisel" One Cleveland Center is located in this district as well.[41] The Plain Dealer, Cleveland's major daily newspaper, is headquartered here,[42] and WKYC, the local NBC affiliate, built a new digital broadcast center on Lakeside Avenue on the northern end of the district.[43] Other stations headquartered here include WOIO, the CBS affiliate, and WUAB, the MyNetworkTV affiliate, both owned by Raycom Media and housed in Reserve Square on East 12th Street.[44] There is a large cluster of high-rise downtown housing in this area, largely concentrated in the East 12th Street area, with an addition, "The Avenue District" (see below), set to begin construction in 2006.[45] The Financial District also serves as home to Cleveland's Catholic Cathedral, St. John Cathedral, the seat of its Catholic Diocese.[46] A notable building in this area that currently sits vacant is the former Cleveland Trust Rotunda and Ameritrust Tower, which served as headquarters of The Cleveland Trust Company and its successor, Ameritrust, until its acquisition by Key Bank. The rotunda has a large stained-glass window on its ceiling, and was purchased by Cuyahoga County, which, as of 2007, planned to reuse it as the centerpiece of the county's new administration center. The County plans to tear the building down and build a new tower that connects with the rotunda.[47] As of November 2007, Cuyahoga County Commissioners have decided to abate the asbestos and sell the Ameritrust Tower to a possible developer. The County has valued the site at $35,000,000.

North Coast District

Main article: North Coast Harbor
Downtown Cleveland in 2006
North Coast Harbor and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Cleveland Browns Stadium

Home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum,[48] Great Lakes Science Center,[49] Cleveland Browns Stadium,[50] Steamship William G. Mather Maritime Museum[51] and the USS Cod,[52] North Coast Harbor is the tourist district of downtown Cleveland. The North Coast District is home to the city's port, although there are long-term plans to move the port west of the river and open up the area for housing and lakefront development.[53] North Coast is also the former home of Cleveland Stadium, known to some as the "Mistake on the Lake". Cleveland Stadium was torn down after the former Cleveland Browns franchise left the city in 1995, and was replaced with Cleveland Browns Stadium, which serves as the home of the reborn NFL football franchise.[54] Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport is located east of the Rock Hall, and serves as a commuter and business airport that reduces small aircraft traffic at the larger Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, located southwest of downtown.[55] The district fronts Lake Erie on the north and also includes Voinovich Park and a fishing pier. Plans for the city's lakefront include adding thousands of housing units, retail shops, a marina, and other amenities to North Coast Harbor, see "Lakefront Plan" below.[53]

Theater District

Home to the second-largest performing arts complex in the U.S.,[56] Playhouse Square Center is downtown's cultural heart. The State, Ohio, Allen, Hanna, and Palace theaters are all located in a cluster near the intersection of Euclid Avenue and E. 14th Street.[57] WVIZ/WCPN, Cleveland's public television and radio stations (incorporated as "ideastream") teamed up with Playhouse Square to renovate the former Playhouse Square Building, an empty office building, transforming it into One Playhouse Square, a downtown broadcast headquarters.[58] The building, which had its official opening in the fall of 2005, is now known as the Idea Center, and includes high definition television studios, control rooms, radio studios, and performance space fronting Euclid Avenue, as well as a variety of high-tech business startups and other tenants located on the building's upper floors.[59]

Campus District

The Campus District is a 500-acre (2.0 km2) downtown Cleveland neighborhood just east of the central business district. The district is bordered by Lakeside Avenue to the north, Broadway Avenue to the south, East 18th Street to the west and East 30th Street to the east.[60] Members of the Campus District include Cleveland State University, St. Vincent Charity Medical Center, Cuyahoga Community College and more.

Cleveland State University has in past years been derided as an open enrollment commuter school, but has moved to dispel that belief. The university is progressing through a master plan[61] to raise standards, enrollment, and rebuild its fortress-like campus. CSU plans to build a college town adjacent to downtown, including new retail, restaurants and housing to serve an increase of resident students planned to be in the thousands.[61] The university's desire to attract more traditional college students and begin to raise its stature as a research university figure into these plans a great deal, and CSU opened its second residence hall, a complete retrofit of Fenn Tower, in the fall of 2006.[62] Over the past decade, CSU has partnered with the city and other area stakeholders to transfer technology research into startup companies and enterprises, improving the economy of the area and stimulating downtown life in the Quadrangle.[63] As part of CSU, the Wolstein Center, formerly the CSU Convocation Center, is located in the Campus District, and serves as the home of CSU Men's Basketball and various concerts and special events throughout the year.[64]

Flats district

Main article: The Flats
The Flats

Once the most popular nightlife district in Ohio, The Flats have fallen on hard times. Though there is no one reason for the decay, a series of incidents have garnered a reputation for unruly behavior. The Flats crowd migrated east to the Warehouse and the Gateway Districts as trendy and more upscale venues have emerged. The west bank of the flats, home to numerous restaurants, bars, and new housing continues to thrive, and is the site of a large urban apartment/condo complex known as Stonebridge. A local developer, Scott Wolstein of Developers Diversified Realty is demolishing the structures on the east bank and replacing them with a new mixed-use neighborhood, and the flats will be reborn once again as a residential neighborhood. The Flats were the place Moses Cleaveland first landed when he founded the city, and thus the area is reclaiming its past heritage as a residential area. In addition to the East Bank development, there have been plans floated for the Irishtown Bend area, in addition to more housing on the west bank in the area near the Powerhouse entertainment complex, currently a large surface parking lot.

New developments and projects

Euclid Corridor

Cleveland's Main Street, Euclid Avenue, after reconstruction
Main article: Euclid Avenue, Cleveland

The Euclid Corridor Transportation Project connected downtown, Midtown, and University Circle by introducing bus rapid transit (BRT) to the city in the form of the HealthLine.[65] The project involved a total reconstruction of Euclid Avenue from Public Square to beyond University Circle (located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) east of downtown), and included bus-only lanes with center-median station boarding, priority signaling, and fast commute times. In addition to transit and road improvements, the transportation project also invested heavily in the Euclid Avenue streetscape, rebuilding the street from storefront to storefront, removing old vaults and streetcar tracks, and building new sidewalks, lighting, and landscaping.[66]

The project included a large public arts component, with different areas of the Euclid Corridor route being addressed by local and national artists.[67] The project is expected to spur investments in residential, retail, office, and mixed-use redevelopments, including over 4,000 residential units along the corridor. In addition to the BRT line, the Downtown Cleveland Alliance funded a study on retail feasibility on the avenue, focusing on the area between CSU and Public Square.[68]

The Flats

The long-suffering entertainment district on the east bank of the Flats is planned to be reborn in a proposal put forth by Scott Wolstein of Developers Diversified Realty, Inc. Wolstein's plans include a complete demolition of the current east bank, realignment of Old River Road, and the construction of hundreds of apartments, townhouses, and retail over parking, connections to the RTA Waterfront Line, and a new office building that is being pitched as the new home for the local Defense Finance and Accounting Service office, scheduled to add over 500 jobs in Cleveland over the next two years.[69] The development will also include a boardwalk and marina, and is part of a larger plan to develop the lakefront and river shores of downtown that has included a large number of apartments built on the west bank of the flats, in an area called Stonebridge. The east bank redevelopment plan was approved and the developer is currently demolishing properties on the riverfront.[70] Current East Bank property owners were offered an appraised amount for their property, with the owners who refuse to sell subject to eminent domain proceedings by right of the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority.

As of May 2007, there are several holdout property owners currently fighting the Port and Wolstein on the prices offered for their properties.[71] Wolstein has announced that former Browns quarterback Bernie Kosar will be developing a steakhouse in his development, as well as a bookstore and movie theater. He also said he is close to getting a "gourmet" grocery. The latest East Bank plan also incorporates a formerly-separate project on land at West 10th Street, called "Lighthouse Landing". The former owner of this parcel, currently a surface parking lot, sold the property to Wolstein's group previously.[72]

On May 22, 2007, Wolstein and Bob Corna, developer of the West Bank's Stonebridge neighborhood, announced a partnership to unite Wolstein's East Bank plan with Corna's Stonebridge Development, and debuted a new development plan for the neighborhood (pictured). There will be several large pedestrian bridges built over the Cuyahoga River, and the developers intend to market the area as "The Flats", without regard to east/west, as they have stated the rest of the country still knows the area by its full name.[72] Home to condominium towers known as Stonebridge, the developers of this project wish to extend high-rise towers throughout the west bank area on current surface parking lots, eventually building out to several thousand housing units on the West Bank, in addition to the several hundred included in Wolstein's East Bank Proposal.[73]

Avenue District

The Avenue District in June 2010

Cleveland has also added to its higher income downtown housing with the Avenue District.[74] Located immediately east of Erieview Tower on the site of several parking lots on East 12th Street, the development includes over 400 condominiums, including lofts, townhomes, penthouses, street-level retail, garage parking, and pedestrian friendly sidewalks and streets. The developer is touting this as downtown's new upscale, quiet neighborhood with easy access to the attractions and amenities of downtown. The development is a project of Zaremba, Inc., and construction began in 2006.[75] The Avenue District will be built in phases, with future surface lot development based on market demand.

East 4th Street

East 4th Street in summer

MRN Ltd has bought most of the buildings along East 4th Street and is currently installing street retail such as high-end clothing, restaurants and coffee shops with outdoor seating, hundreds of loft apartments in the upper levels, and an upscale martini bar/bowling alley/restaurant created by the founders of Gameworks, called the Corner Alley.[76] MRN will be adding more apartments to the area in conjunction with the Corner Alley martini bar/bowling alley, with funding assistance from the City of Cleveland.

East 4th Street is home to Pickwick and Frolic, the comedy club/restaurant Hilarities 4th Street Theatre, the House of Blues Cleveland (located in the former Woolworth's Building), the restaurant Lola Bistro (owned by chef Michael Symon, winner of the Iron Chef America competition), the East Coast-style "ultralounge" View Nightclub,[77] Saigon Vietnamese Cuisine, and Zocalo Mexican Grill & Tequileria. The restaurant La Strada opened in October 2008. The Greenhouse Tavern and Erie Island Coffee Co. of Kelleys Island, Ohio are set to open in 2008.

Lakefront

In 2004, The Cleveland City Planning Commission completed plans for a lakefront revitalization to stimulate national interest in the City of Cleveland as an exciting place to live.[78] These include thousands of housing units, retail shops, public parks, connections to the light rail waterfront line, an 18 hole golf course, office buildings, a boardwalk, and other amenities.[79] Cleveland's current industrially-oriented lakefront is slated to become a thing of the past, and a new, public-minded and recreational lakefront will rise in its place. The chief roadblock to the implementation of this plan is the relocation of the Port of Cleveland to an area west of the river, as well as converting of Ohio Route 2, better known as the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway to a low-speed, at-grade boulevard. The Shoreway is currently an expressway that currently blocks downtown from the lakefront, separating lakefront developments and reducing pedestrian access. The boulevard will enable substantially more intersections with north-south streets stretching from Edgewater Park at the city's western border through downtown and east to Gordon Park.[80]

Convention Center

Cleveland is working on a long term replacement for its outdated convention center, currently located underground beneath Mall B, a grassy open space stretching from North Coast Harbor through the Civic Center District.[81] Plans vary from replacing the current center beneath the mall to construction of an addition to Forest City-owned Tower City Center.[35] Cost projections have put the underground site at an estimated cost of over $500 million dollars, which is well over what the city and county wish to pay. Forest City, who had withdrawn its Tower City site from consideration, has proposed that the location be reconsidered.[82][83] The site is considered a front runner as it would cost around $350 million to expand a convention center onto it, a figure closer to the city/county budget.[84]

Others

In Public Square, a large surface parking lot will be the new site of a 21-story office tower being built by the Richard E. Jacobs Group.[85] 515 Euclid Avenue, a parking garage, is slated to become a 28+ story condominium tower.[86] Tower City Center continues to attract downtown shoppers, and Forest City Enterprises says they are waiting for the downtown housing market to mature before it plans housing developments on its Scranton Peninsula, across the Cuyahoga River from Tower City.[87]

Additional developers have floated ideas for developing the peninsula and areas surrounding the Flats with housing as well; in particular, local developer John Ferchill has announced plans to build housing along the river's edge at Scranton. The project will represent Ferchill's first project in Cleveland in many years, as he refused to work with previous Mayor Michael R. White.[88] Quicken Loans, owned by Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert, has opened a large online loan center downtown near the arena, with hopes to employ over 600 people when fully staffed.[89] New housing condo/apartment projects are frequently announced, and Cleveland is projected to increase its downtown population to over 20,000 by 2010.

References

  1. ^ "University Neighborhood Fact Sheet" (PDF). Cleveland City Planning Commission. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  2. ^ City of Cleveland Planning Commission, 2000
  3. ^ Birch, Eugenie L. (2005). "Who Lives Downtown". Brookings Institution: 15. Retrieved 2007-12-27. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Cleveland: A Concise History, 1796-1996 (pg 7), 1997
  5. ^ Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Public Square. Accessed May 12, 2007.
  6. ^ "Welcome on a webpage of the Consulate General of the Republic of Slovenia in Cleveland, USA.." Consulate-General of Slovenia in Cleveland. Retrieved on January 31, 2009.
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  8. ^ Encyc. Of Cleveland History: Tower City Center. Accessed May 12, 2007
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  46. ^ Saint John Cathedral, Accessed May 13, 2007.
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  59. ^ About Idea Center, Accessed May 18, 2007.
  60. ^ Campus District Who We Are: About Us, Accessed September 9, 2010.
  61. ^ a b Cleveland State University Master Plan. Accessed May 26, 2006.
  62. ^ Fenn Tower Website, Accessed May 18, 2007.
  63. ^ CSU Technology Transfer Services, Accessed May 18, 2007.
  64. ^ Wolstein Center Homepage, Accessed May 18, 2007.
  65. ^ The Euclid Corridor Project, 2005.
  66. ^ Euclid Corridor Project: Goals
  67. ^ Euclid Corridor Project: Public Art Plan, 2005.
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  71. ^ The Plain Dealer, Metro B3. May 8, 2007.
  72. ^ a b Gomez, Henry J. "Bernie cooking in the flats". The Plain Dealer, may 22nd 2007, online edition.
  73. ^ The Plain Dealer, Page One. Sept 21, 2006.
  74. ^ "Cleveland Condos / The Avenue District". Zaremba Homes. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  75. ^ "Press Releases / The Avenue District". Zaremba Homes. Retrieved 2010-09-02. CLEVELAND - Sept. 21, 2006 - Zaremba, Inc., developer of The Avenue District, a $250-million-plus residential development in downtown Cleveland, will officially break ground Friday, Sept. 29, at 1211 St. Clair Ave., on the northeast corner of East 12th Street and St. Clair Avenue. Mayor Frank Jackson will join Nathan Zaremba, president of Zaremba, for an 11 a.m. ceremony, which is open to the public and will be followed by a catered reception.
  76. ^ The Plain Dealer, Business C1. August 31, 2006.
  77. ^ East 4th Street: Attractions. Accessed May 12, 2007. Archived 2007-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ The Plain Dealer, Page One. December 18, 2004.
  79. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Lakefront could get housing, cable cars; Plan will be unveiled at meeting tonight". March 24, 2004
  80. ^ Lakefront West: Plan Overview.
  81. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Report in hand, convention panel breaks out sales pitch; New study promises new jobs, tax revenue". May 4, 2005.
  82. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Tower City won’t be convention site; County office choice kills plan, owners say" June 7, 2005.
  83. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Tower City site again on agenda for center; Forest City reverses itself on its property as convention site", Sept 2, 2005.
  84. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Two convention center sites being evaluated", Sept 14, 2005.
  85. ^ Jacobs, Hines to build 21-story office tower on Public Square - Cleveland Business News – The Latest Breaking News, Earnings Reports and Stories from The Plain Dealer
  86. ^ Business Wire, August 1 2005.
  87. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Reviving the peninsula; Forest City dusts off Scranton plans to snare convention center", July 26, 2003.
  88. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Notching victories in rust belt; Developer Ferchill Group finds fertile ground in aging big cities", Feb 21, 2006.
  89. ^ The Plain Dealer, "Gilbert throws '$1 billion' party; Quicken owner rewards workers for reaching mortgage sales mark", Feb 8, 2007.
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