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Native American Studies (also known as American Indian, Indigenous American, Aboriginal, Native, or First Nations studies) is an interdisciplinary academic field that examines the history, culture, politics, issues and contemporary experience of Native peoples in North America.^[1] Increasingly, debate has focused on the differences rather than the similarities between other Ethnic studies disciplines such as African American studies, Asian American Studies, and Latino/a Studies. In particular, the political sovereignty of many indigenous nations marks substantive differences in historical experience from that of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States and Canada. Drawing from numerous disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, history, literature, political science, and gender studies, Native American Studies scholars consider a variety of perspectives and employ diverse analytical and methodological tools in their work.^[1]

Some practitioners advocate for decolonization of indigenous peoples, political autonomy, and the establishment of a discipline dedicated to alleviating contemporary problems facing indigenous peoples.^[1]

History

The Native historical experience in the Americas was marked by forcible and sometimes willing attempts at assimilation into mainstream European American culture (Americanization (of Native Americans)). Beginning with missionaries and leading up to federally controlled schools the aim was to educate American Indians so that they could go back to their communities and facilitate the assimilation process. As cited by David Beck in his article "American Indian Higher Education before 1974: From Colonization to Self-Determination," the schools were used as a tool for assimilation. Their main focus was not intellectual but to give training for industrial jobs or domestic jobs.^[1]

The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s contested mainstream methods of assimilationist indoctrination and the substance of what was being taught in K-12 schools and universities throughout the United States. American Indian students, coupled with sympathetic professors, assisted in creating new programs with new aims. Rather than being focused on Indians going back to their communities to educate along the lines of assimilation there was a move to educate for empowerment. Programs that did community outreach and focused on student retention in campuses have risen out of that movement. Furthermore, the programs in schools created a new interpretation for American Indian history, sociology, and politics.^[1]

Bibliography

Academic Journals

Notable Native American studies scholars

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sara C. Heitshu, Thomas H. Marshall: Native American Studies: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources (Social Sciences), Libraries Unlimited, U.S., 2 Rev Ed 2009, ISBN 1563089718

External links

[native-1] Sara C. Heitshu, Thomas H. Marshall: Native American Studies: A Guide to Reference and Information Sources (Social Sciences), Libraries Unlimited, U.S., 2 Rev Ed 2009, ISBN 1563089718

[1]

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 *[[Robert A. Williams, Jr.]] ([[Lumbee]])
 *[[Craig Womack]] ([[Muscogee (Creek)|Muskogee Nation]])
+*[[George Bird Grinnell]]
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