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[[Image:Inca huayna capac.jpg|thumb|right|Huayna Capac as drawn by Poma de Ayala.]]
[[Image:Inca huayna capac.jpg|thumb|right|Huayna Capac as drawn by Poma de Ayala.]]


'''Huayna Capac''' [IPA: ʋɑiːnɐ ɦɣɒːɑx] ([[Quechua language|Quechua]]: ''Wayna Qhapaq'') ([[Southern Quechua]]: ''Vaina Ghapakh'') (translation: Splendid Youth) (born:Azuay, Ecuador death:Quito, Ecuador 1525 or 1527 ) was the eleventh [[Sapa Inca]] of the [[Inca Empire]] and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to [[Tupac Inca Yupanqui]]. His legitimate wife (and full-blooded sister) was Coya Cusirimay. The pair produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired as many as 50 or more children with other women, including [[Ninan Cuyochi]], [[Huáscar]], [[Atahualpa]], [[Tupac Huallpa]], [[Manco Inca Yupanqui]], General [[Atoc]], [[Pawllu Inca]] and [[Quispe Sisa]], all of whom could be said to be his successors.
'''Huayna Capac''' ([[Quechua language|Quechua]]: ''Wayna Qhapaq'') ([[Southern Quechua]]: ''Vaina Ghapakh'') (translation: Splendid Youth) (born:Azuay, Ecuador death:Quito, Ecuador 1525 or 1527 ) was the eleventh [[Sapa Inca]] of the [[Inca Empire]] and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to [[Tupac Inca Yupanqui]]. His legitimate wife (and full-blooded sister) was Coya Cusirimay. The pair produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired as many as 50 or more children with other women, including [[Ninan Cuyochi]], [[Huáscar]], [[Atahualpa]], [[Tupac Huallpa]], [[Manco Inca Yupanqui]], General [[Atoc]], [[Pawllu Inca]] and [[Quispe Sisa]], all of whom could be said to be his successors.


Huayna Capac extended the Inca empire (''Tahuantinsuyu'') [IPA:tʲɑʋæŋdt'ɪsøuijuʊ] significantly to the south into present-day [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]. For many years, he and his armies fought to annex territories north of his empire in what is now [[Ecuador]] (and a small region of [[Colombia]]) to the northernmost province. The capital city of the empire was far to the south in [[Cuzco]], and Huayna Capac hoped to establish a northern stronghold in the city of [[Quito]].
Huayna Capac extended the Inca empire (''Tahuantinsuyu'') significantly to the south into present-day [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]. For many years, he and his armies fought to annex territories north of his empire in what is now [[Ecuador]] (and a small region of [[Colombia]]) to the northernmost province. The capital city of the empire was far to the south in [[Cuzco]], and Huayna Capac hoped to establish a northern stronghold in the city of [[Quito]].


The Inca empire reached the height of its size and power under his rule, stretching over much of
The Inca empire reached the height of its size and power under his rule, stretching over much of
[[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia. It included varying terrain from high frozen [[Andes]] to the densest swamps, and more than 200 distinct ethnic groups, each with their own customs and languages.
[[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia. It included varying terrain from high frozen [[Andes]] to the densest swamps, and more than 200 distinct ethnic groups, each with their own customs and languages.


Despite the geographical and cultural challenges, Inca or Tawantinsuys, "the realm of four quarters", was sophisticated for its time and place. At its height, it had monumental cities, temples, fortresses of stone marvellously engineered, roads cut through granite mountain slopes, and massive agricultural terraces and hydraulic works.
Despite the geographical and cultural challenges, Inca or Tawantinsuyu, "the united four regions", was sophisticated for its time and place. At its height, it had monumental cities, temples, fortresses of stone marvellously engineered, roads cut through granite mountain slopes, and massive agricultural terraces and hydraulic works.


A dedicated ruler, Huayna Capac did much to improve the lives of his people. In addition to building temples and other works, Huayna greatly expanded the road network. He had storehouses built along it for food so that aid could be quickly rushed to any who were in danger of starvation.
A dedicated ruler, Huayna Capac did much to improve the lives of his people. In addition to building temples and other works, Huayna greatly expanded the road network. He had storehouses built along it for food so that aid could be quickly rushed to any who were in danger of starvation.

Revision as of 22:44, 2 March 2011

Huayna Capac as drawn by Poma de Ayala.

Huayna Capac (Quechua: Wayna Qhapaq) (Southern Quechua: Vaina Ghapakh) (translation: Splendid Youth) (born:Azuay, Ecuador death:Quito, Ecuador 1525 or 1527 ) was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui. His legitimate wife (and full-blooded sister) was Coya Cusirimay. The pair produced no male heirs, but Huayna Capac sired as many as 50 or more children with other women, including Ninan Cuyochi, Huáscar, Atahualpa, Tupac Huallpa, Manco Inca Yupanqui, General Atoc, Pawllu Inca and Quispe Sisa, all of whom could be said to be his successors.

Huayna Capac extended the Inca empire (Tahuantinsuyu) significantly to the south into present-day Chile and Argentina. For many years, he and his armies fought to annex territories north of his empire in what is now Ecuador (and a small region of Colombia) to the northernmost province. The capital city of the empire was far to the south in Cuzco, and Huayna Capac hoped to establish a northern stronghold in the city of Quito.

The Inca empire reached the height of its size and power under his rule, stretching over much of Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia. It included varying terrain from high frozen Andes to the densest swamps, and more than 200 distinct ethnic groups, each with their own customs and languages.

Despite the geographical and cultural challenges, Inca or Tawantinsuyu, "the united four regions", was sophisticated for its time and place. At its height, it had monumental cities, temples, fortresses of stone marvellously engineered, roads cut through granite mountain slopes, and massive agricultural terraces and hydraulic works.

A dedicated ruler, Huayna Capac did much to improve the lives of his people. In addition to building temples and other works, Huayna greatly expanded the road network. He had storehouses built along it for food so that aid could be quickly rushed to any who were in danger of starvation.

Huayna contracted smallpox while campaigning in Colombia. The Spaniards had carried smallpox to South America, and the Native Americans had no acquired immunity against it. Huayna and about 200,000 other South and Central Americans died in that epidemic. Both Huayna Capac and his oldest son, Ninan Cuyochi, died.

Before his death, Huayna Capac divided his country, leaving the newly conquered north to his favorite son Atahualpa and the rest to his legitimate heir Huáscar. Upon the death of their father, Huayna Capac, in 1525 or 1527, the brothers Atahualpa Inca and Huáscar Inca were granted two separate realms of the Inca Empire: Atahualpa, the northern portion centered on Quito, and Huáscar, the southern portion centered on Cuzco.

Huáscar quickly secured power in Cuzco and had his brother Atahualpa arrested. But Atahualpa escaped from his imprisonment with the help of his wife and began securing support from Huayna Capac's best generals, who happened to be near Quito, the nearest major city. Atahualpa won the ensuing civil war. In keeping with a longstanding Inca and Andean tradition of fraternal conflict, Atahualpa rebelled against his brother Huáscar and imprisoned him.

Pizarro and his men had the fortune of ascending into the Andes just as Atahualpa was returning to Cuzco after successful conclusion of his northern campaigns. After launching a surprise attack in Cajamarca and massacring upward of 6,000 Incan soldiers, Pizarro took Atahualpa prisoner. To secure his release, Atahualpa pledged to fill a room of approximately 88 cubic meters with precious golden objects, the famous Atahualpa’s Ransom Room. Over the next months, trains of porters carted precious objects from across the empire, including jars, pots, vessels, and huge golden plates pried off the walls of the Sun Temple of Coricancha in Cuzco. On May 3, 1533, Pizarro ordered the vast accumulation of golden objects melted down, a process that took many weeks. Finally, on July 16, the melted loot was distributed among his men, and 10 days later, Atahualpa was executed.

Preceded by Sapa Inca
1493–1527
Succeeded by

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