Independent station: Difference between revisions

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An independent station is a television station that is not affiliated with any network.

During the 1950s and 1960s, these stations would fill their broadcast hours with programming such as movies, sports, cartoons, newsreels, filmed travelogues, and some locally-produced programs. Independents on the air during this period would begin their broadcasting day (sign-on) at times later than network-affiliated stations, some in the middle of the morning.

A newer source of programming became available to independent stations by the middle 1960s: re-broadcasts (reruns) of network programs which, after completing their initial runs, were sold into syndication. By the start of the 1970s, the standard format many independents followed was this: childrens' programming in the morning and afternoon, and movies and other adult-oriented shows during middays. Independents would counter-program the local network stations with syndicated reruns, usually situation comedies and hour-long dramas, in the early evening (while network stations aired local and national news), and movies during primetime and late-night hours. In some areas, independents would carry network programs that were not aired on a local affiliate.

In larger markets (such as New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and others), independent stations benefited from a Federal Communications Commission ruling barring network-affiliated stations within the top fifty television markets from airing off-network programs in the two hours preceding primetime. Known as the "Prime Time Access Rule", this guideline was in effect from 1975 until 1995, and as a result, syndicated reruns became more readily available to independents.

In the 1980s, producers of television programming started offering first-run syndicated programming, and independent stations were the primary beneficiaries of this trend. Independents would schedule first-run programs during primetime and on weekends. Some stations in larger markets even ventured into local news broadcasts, usually at the earlier time of 10:00 PM in the Eastern and Pacific time zones, and 9:00 PM in the Central and Mountain time zones. Network stations aired their late newscasts an hour later.

The independent station roster in the United States once numbered close to three-hundred in the mid-1980s. Many of these stations belonged to the Association of Independent Television Stations (INTV), a group similar to the National Association of Broadcasters, and which lobbied the FCC to further the cause of the independent.

In the United States, several independent stations were commonly-owned. Companies that operated three or more independents included: Metromedia
Tribune Broadcasting
RKO General
Chris-Craft Industries, and its subsidiary United Television
Kaiser Broadcasting, and its successor Field Communications
Taft Broadcasting
Sinclair Broadcast Group
TVX Broadcast Group, and its successor Paramount Stations Group
Christian Broadcasting Network
Gaylord Broadcasting

In 1986 several independents, led by the Metromedia stations, formed the Fox Broadcasting Company, the fourth U.S. television service. Nine years later, in 1995, other stations joined together to create the WB and UPN networks, and other smaller stations banded together for the Pax (now "i") network in 1997. As a result, and in addition to changing programming trends, the independent station has become a rare breed. Current independents follow a much different program format than their predecessors: while sticoms are still popular, childrens' shows and movies, once independent staples, have been replaced by expanded newscasts, syndicated programs such as talk shows and courtroom shows, and infomercials (program-length commercials).

While the independent station was not common in Canada, there were two notable independents, both in Ontario: CHCH-TV in Hamilton and CITY-TV in Toronto.

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 During the [[1950s]] and [[1960s]], these stations would fill their broadcast hours with programming such as movies, sports, cartoons, [[newsreels]], filmed [[travelogue|travelogues]], and some locally-produced programs.  Independents on the air during this period would begin their broadcasting day (sign-on) at times later than network-affiliated stations, some in the middle of the morning.
-A newer source of programming became available to independent stations by the middle [[1960s]]: re-broadcasts (reruns) of network programs which, after completing their initial runs, were sold into syndication.  By the start of the [[1970s]], the standard format many independents followed was this: childrens' programming in the morning and afternoon, and movies and other adult-oriented shows during middays.  Independents would counter-program the local network stations with syndicated reruns, usually [[situation comedies]], in the early evening (while network stations aired local and national news), and movies during primetime and late-night hours.  In some areas, independents would carry network programs that were not aired on a local affiliate.
+A newer source of programming became available to independent stations by the middle [[1960s]]: re-broadcasts (reruns) of network programs which, after completing their initial runs, were sold into syndication.  By the start of the [[1970s]], the standard format many independents followed was this: childrens' programming in the morning and afternoon, and movies and other adult-oriented shows during middays.  Independents would counter-program the local network stations with syndicated reruns, usually [[situation comedies]] and hour-long dramas, in the early evening (while network stations aired local and national news), and movies during primetime and late-night hours.  In some areas, independents would carry network programs that were not aired on a local affiliate.
+In larger markets (such as [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], [[Los Angeles]] and others), independent stations benefited from a [[Federal Communications Commission]] ruling barring network-affiliated stations within the top fifty television markets from airing off-network programs in the two hours preceding primetime.  Known as the "Prime Time Access Rule", this guideline was in effect from [[1975]] until [[1995]], and as a result, syndicated reruns became more readily available to independents.
 In the [[1980s]], producers of television programming started offering [[Television syndication|first-run syndicated]] programming, and independent stations were the primary beneficiaries of this trend.  Independents would schedule first-run programs during primetime and on weekends.  Some stations in larger markets even ventured into local news broadcasts, usually at the earlier time of 10:00 PM in the [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]] and [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]] time zones, and 9:00 PM in the [[Central Time Zone|Central]] and [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]] time zones.  Network stations aired their late newscasts an hour later.
-The independent station roster in the [[United States]] once numbered close to three-hundred in the mid-1980s.  Many of these stations belonged to the Association of Independent Television Stations (INTV), a group similar to the [[National Association of Broadcasters]], and which lobbied the [[Federal Communications Commission]] to further the cause of the independent.
+The independent station roster in the [[United States]] once numbered close to three-hundred in the mid-1980s.  Many of these stations belonged to the Association of Independent Television Stations (INTV), a group similar to the [[National Association of Broadcasters]], and which lobbied the FCC to further the cause of the independent.
 In the United States, several independent stations were commonly-owned.  Companies that operated three or more independents included:
@@ Line 21: / Line 23: @@
 Gaylord Broadcasting<br>
-In [[1986]] several independents, led by the Metromedia stations, formed the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]], the fourth U.S. television service.  Nine years later, in [[1995]], other stations joined together to create the [[WB Television Network|WB]] and [[UPN]] networks, and other smaller stations banded together for the Pax (now "[[i]]") network in [[1997]].  As a result, and in addition to changing programming trends, the independent station has become a rare breed.  Current independents follow a much different program format than their predecessors: childrens' shows, sitcoms, and movies, once independent staples, have been replaced by expanded newscasts, syndicated programs such as talk shows and courtroom shows, and [[infomercials]] (program-length commercials).
+In [[1986]] several independents, led by the Metromedia stations, formed the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]], the fourth U.S. television service.  Nine years later, in [[1995]], other stations joined together to create the [[WB Television Network|WB]] and [[UPN]] networks, and other smaller stations banded together for the Pax (now "[[i]]") network in [[1997]].  As a result, and in addition to changing programming trends, the independent station has become a rare breed.  Current independents follow a much different program format than their predecessors: while sticoms are still popular, childrens' shows and movies, once independent staples, have been replaced by expanded newscasts, syndicated programs such as talk shows and courtroom shows, and [[infomercials]] (program-length commercials).
 While the independent station was not common in [[Canada]], there were two notable independents, both in [[Ontario]]: [[CHCH-TV]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] and [[CITY-TV]] in [[Toronto]].

Revision as of 10:02, 2 February 2006

See also