Kopassus: Difference between revisions
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,whose now came from Famous British Intelligence, in this case MI6, this training was specilized in using intelligence gathering device for effective and efficient intelligence gathring abilities. |
,whose now came from Famous British Intelligence, in this case MI6, this training was specilized in using intelligence gathering device for effective and efficient intelligence gathring abilities. |
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==Counter Terorrism Unit or SAT 81 Penangulanggan Terror(SAT 81 Gultor)== |
====Counter Terorrism Unit or SAT 81 Penangulanggan Terror(SAT 81 Gultor)==== |
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This unit is the most famous for the counter terrorism skill, their first international mission were release hostage that held by Jihad Command in Don Muang International Airport at 1981. Training also same as above, but improve skills are require in SAT 81. In SAT 81 all memebers should able to use or handle various type of weapon, and also skill in shooting ability,such: Marksman or sharhshooting, reactive shooting, Close Quarter Combat(CQOB or CQC), martial art, fighting with various type of weapon, such as knife, axe, etc or without weapon, ability to used explosive or demolition charge for breaching purpose and also ability to dispose explosive device that danger the communities. Inorder to improve their skill during 1990 Kopassus conduct a lot of training with other special force communities, such as SAS or Special Air Service in Jungle warfare, Delta Force in Counter Terrorism skill, Green Barret in jungle warfare and ability to train local community to conduct intellingence and also support. |
This unit is the most famous for the counter terrorism skill, their first international mission were release hostage that held by Jihad Command in Don Muang International Airport at 1981. Training also same as above, but improve skills are require in SAT 81. In SAT 81 all memebers should able to use or handle various type of weapon, and also skill in shooting ability,such: Marksman or sharhshooting, reactive shooting, Close Quarter Combat(CQOB or CQC), martial art, fighting with various type of weapon, such as knife, axe, etc or without weapon, ability to used explosive or demolition charge for breaching purpose and also ability to dispose explosive device that danger the communities. Inorder to improve their skill during 1990 Kopassus conduct a lot of training with other special force communities, such as SAS or Special Air Service in Jungle warfare, Delta Force in Counter Terrorism skill, Green Barret in jungle warfare and ability to train local community to conduct intellingence and also support. |
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Revision as of 04:02, 28 January 2006
Kopassus (abbreviation for Komando Pasukan Khusus) is an Indonesian special forces group that conducts special missions for the Indonesian government, such as: operations deep behind enemy lines, sabotage, counter-terrorism, and intelligence. Kopassus was founded on April 16, 1952.The are considered as one of the best SF units in the pacifac and SE Asian theatre.
History
The founders of Kopassus were Lieutenant colonel Slamet Riyadi and Colonel Alex Everrett Kawilarang. They built this special force because of an experience of frustration when they fought with RMS (Republic Maluku Selatan or South Maluku Republic) forces, which are supported by two companies of KST (Korps Speciale Troepen). They were amazed with KST's ability and skill, especially their sniping. This special force inspired them to build a special force for Indonesia, but, at that time, neither of them had any experiance or skill in special force operations. Then Colonel Kawilarang met Major Rokus Bernadus Visser, known as Mochamad Idjon Djanbi. Major Rokus Bernandus Visser was an ex-Dutch Special Force member since he defected from Dutch Special forces. Later, he was the first recruit and become a Commander for the first Indonesian special force.
At that time, Indonesia's special force name was Komando Teritorium 3. According to history, Kopassus's name had already changed five times. It went from KTT 3 to KKAD, RPKAD, Kopasandha, and finally Kopassus. The headquarters is in Bandung. The first generation of Indonesian Forces was only around 100 soldiers, or 1 company.
The Organization of KOPASSUS
n response to military organization reviews, the KOPASSUS was expanded from three groups to five and upgraded from 3000 to roughly 6000 personnel. The rationale for this expansion was based partly on the likelihood of a small-scale, high-intensity, short-term conflict and partly on the need for a four-part rotational cycle (a quarter of the force on duty, a quarter in training, a quarter in consolidation [rest, schooling, leave, etc.], and a quarter in reserve). In 1997, the KOPASSUS was reportedly able to operate in a three-part rotation cycle (training, duty, consolidation). It is unknown whether the KOPASSUS will be able to obtain the numbers needed to operate a four-part cycle.
The KOPASSUS is composed of five groups, plus the Presidential Guard (Paspampres) and headquarters ; each group is headed by a Colonel, and all groups are para-commando qualified. Of note is the unusual nature of Group IV, possibly also called "Sandhy Yudha," which consists of select members from Groups I, II, and III. The duties of these specially trained personnel include attacking behind enemy lines (infiltration). Group IV also reportedly works with the Joint Intelligence Unit on interrogations and carries out clandestine operations around the country.
| KOPASSUS GROUPS | Location | Comments |
| Headquarters | Cijantung, Jakarta | HQ |
| Grup 1/Parakomando (Para Commando) | Serang, West Java | 3 battalions |
| Grup 2/Parakomando (Para Commando) | Kartasura, Central Java | 3 battalions |
| Grup 3/Pusat Pendidikan Pasukan Khusus (Training) | Batujajar, West Java | Center of Training |
| Grup 4/Sandhi Yudha (Combat Intelligence) | Cijantung, South Jakarta | Combat Intelligence |
| Grup 5/Anti Teror (Counter-terorrism) | Cijantung, South Jakarta | Counterterrorist |
Even though there are many groups in Kopassus, all groups can operate in land, sea, and air.
Training
Members of the KOPASSUS are selected from other units for mental and physical toughness and ideological soundness. Those who pass an initial screening take part in a 9-month "selection," with heavy emphasis on physical endurance. At the end of this phase, a 380-km march is conducted through mountainous terrain with minimal rations. Then a week-long evasion and escape phase is conducted; if caught, one is removed from the program. As manpower is increased to meet a three- and four-part rotational cycle, additional training would be expected. Also, as units have been used fairly extensively throughout the years, many of the KOPASSUS members have actual mission experience.
Above trainings are the qualifications for new members to joint Kopassus. After joining Kopassus there are still advance training for personal whose are qualified for advance training. Advance training will divided into 2 categories:
- [Intelligence Gathering Abilities]
- [Counter Terrorism Unit]
Intelligence Gathering Abilities
The intelligence at war is everything in order to win a war.In kopassus intelligence is learned after members qualified to joint advance level training. The syllabus in Intelligence can be sub divided in to 2 categories: first is Sandy Yudha, and gathering intelligence behind enemy lines. But the most unique is Sandy Yudha. Sandy yudha is the ability to pursuede people to do something, and the ability to made a situation. During 1980 Kopassus has improve their skill in intellingence by cross trained with world famous intelligence communities, such as: MOSSAD, eventhough Indonesia does not have diplomatic relationship with Isreal, with a helped a third parties this training become possible to conduct in Indonesia, the nick name for the trainer is ARIZONA. After the Arizona finished his or her lesson in Kopassus his or her position changed by other mentor ,whose now came from Famous British Intelligence, in this case MI6, this training was specilized in using intelligence gathering device for effective and efficient intelligence gathring abilities.
Counter Terorrism Unit or SAT 81 Penangulanggan Terror(SAT 81 Gultor)
This unit is the most famous for the counter terrorism skill, their first international mission were release hostage that held by Jihad Command in Don Muang International Airport at 1981. Training also same as above, but improve skills are require in SAT 81. In SAT 81 all memebers should able to use or handle various type of weapon, and also skill in shooting ability,such: Marksman or sharhshooting, reactive shooting, Close Quarter Combat(CQOB or CQC), martial art, fighting with various type of weapon, such as knife, axe, etc or without weapon, ability to used explosive or demolition charge for breaching purpose and also ability to dispose explosive device that danger the communities. Inorder to improve their skill during 1990 Kopassus conduct a lot of training with other special force communities, such as SAS or Special Air Service in Jungle warfare, Delta Force in Counter Terrorism skill, Green Barret in jungle warfare and ability to train local community to conduct intellingence and also support.
Equipment
Kopassus is equipped with the most advanced and complete technology of all the units in the Indonesian armed forces. Kopassus's equipment is not repaired when damaged, but instead updated to the new model.
- Sidearm: Sig-Sauer P226/P228, Berreta 92SB/92F, FN high Power, H&K Mk23, M1911, Walther PPK, Pindad P1/2.
- Submachine gun: MP5 variants, CZ-Scorpion, Uzi.
- Sniper Rifle: Pindad SPR, Sig-Sauer SG550, H&K MSG 90, H&K G3 Sniper, Galil Sniper, Remington 700.
- Machine gun: FN Minimi, and FN MAG
- Recoiless rifle : Armrust, Carl Gustav 84mm
- Water devices : Drager, Spero, Oxydive, Farallon, Rubber (Zodiac type) boats
Since Asia Economy Crisis, it is effected Kopassus performance, in term of their weapon system, which become obsolate, compare to tohers Special Force in the world today. Eventhough there is a strong willingness to renew or upgrade their weaponaries. But it is still doubt when this will be released. Instead of the out dated weaponaries use by Kopassus members. The most important thing about special force is their motivation.Special should completed their mssion with all resources available .
Operation
There have been several missions conducted by Kopassus. Of which, some were successful, some were not. The most notable missions are detailed below.
- The Hijacking of Flight GA 206 on 28 March 1981. This was the first serious Indonesian airline hijacking, since the first case was a desperate Marine hijacker who was killed by the pilot himself. The hijackers, a group called Commando Jihad, hijacked the DC 9 "Woyla", onroute from Palembang to Medan, and ordered the pilot to fly the plane to Colombo, Sri Lanka. But since the plane didn't have enough fuel, it refueled in Penang, Malaysia and then to Don Muang, Thailand. The hijackers demanded the release of Commando Jihad members imprisoned in Indonesia, and US $ 1.5 million, as well as a plane to to take those prisoners to an unspecified destination. The Kopassus commandos who took part in this mission trained for only three days with totally unfamiliar weapons, brilliantly executed this fast-paced operation. One of the Kopassus commandos was shot by the hijacker leader, who then shot himself. All the other hijackers were killed. All the hostages were saved.
- Mapenduma Hostage Rescue 8 January 1996The mastermind for this case was OPM (Papua Independence Organization or Organisasi Papua Merdeka) member Kelly Kwalik. The OPM demanded that the Indonesian government should give independence for Republic Melanesia Barat or South Melanesia Republic. At this time Kopassus leader was Brigadier General Prabowo Subianto ex GSG 9 student prepare. For the safety of the hostages, Prabowo preferred a negotiation process rather than a military operation. The negotiation was conducted by the ICRC lead by Henry Fournier, the ICRC mission leader for Indonesia. The negotiations soon broke down, and Prabowo had no choice but to resort to forceful measures. The mission involved 100 soldiers from Kopassus and 400 soldiers from Marine, Kostrad, Kodam VIII Trikora, and Penerbad. The mission was a success. The casualties were 2 hostages, killed by OPM guerrilas. There were no casualties among Kopassus and others army members. During this mission Prabowo also retrieved help from others countries who sympatised with Indonesia during the hostage crisis, such as Singapore, which lent their UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Mazlat Scout and Night Vision Goggles.
- Other Operations:
- DI/TII (Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia)
- The Talang Betutu Operation against the rebellion in Tentara Teritorium (Territorial Troops) IV
- Aborting the US Fleet VII
- Destroying operation PRRI/Permesta
- Kahar Muzakkar Rebellion
- The Trikora Operation
- The Dwikora Operation
- Destroying G30S/PKI
- The Naga Operation (Pepera in West Irian)
- The Seroja Operation in East Timor
- The Aceh Operation
Human Rights Issues
Kopassus has also been accused of vicious human rights abuses. The special unit has been mentioned to be behind the killings and burnings in East Timor in 1999, shortly after the Indonesian government agreed to the referendum for the independence of East Timor. Several officers apparently have been brought to military court in response to the critics spoken by international and domestic human rights committees.
Famous KOPASSUS
- Alexander Evert Kawilarang
- Sarwo Edhie Wibowo
- Yogie SM
- Wismoyo Arismunandar-former BIN Leader
- Agum Gumelar
- Prabowo Subianto
- Colonel Mung Parhadimuljo
References
- Ken Conboy: KOPASSUS Inside Indonesia's Special Forces. Equinox Publishing, ISBN 979-95898-8-6
- http://www.specialoperations.com/Foreign/Indonesia/Overview.htm
- http://www.specwarnet.com/oceana/kopassus.htm
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/indonesia/kopassus.htm
- http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/13/1060588456746.html