Carnival in Bern: Difference between revisions
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In [[1513]] Bernese carnival lead to peasant refolt. <ref name=" Violence in early modern Europe, 1500-1800 Page 178">{{cite book | title = Violence in early modern Europe, 1500-1800|Author= Julius Ralph Ruff| publisher = Press syndicate University of Cambridge | date = 2001 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5SAfnqQ93sC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=bern+carnival+peasant+revolt&source=bl&ots=YZpGnZQOre&sig=nYH-8Q6mCs1E4SstgWaUqGKJEp0&hl=en&ei=tMbMS-D9HpDitgOQncHEAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bern%20carnival%20peasant%20revolt&f=false | accessdate = 2010-04-19 }}</ref> |
In [[1513]] Bernese carnival lead to peasant refolt. <ref name=" Violence in early modern Europe, 1500-1800 Page 178">{{cite book | title = Violence in early modern Europe, 1500-1800|Author= Julius Ralph Ruff| publisher = Press syndicate University of Cambridge | date = 2001 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Q5SAfnqQ93sC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=bern+carnival+peasant+revolt&source=bl&ots=YZpGnZQOre&sig=nYH-8Q6mCs1E4SstgWaUqGKJEp0&hl=en&ei=tMbMS-D9HpDitgOQncHEAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bern%20carnival%20peasant%20revolt&f=false | accessdate = 2010-04-19 }}</ref> |
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The Bernese carnivals were held more or less regularly in medieval time with strong anti-[[Papa]]l rhetoric from [[1523]] to [[1525]].After Peasant War the religious themes in carnivals was prohibited until local Reformation of [[1528]] returned the protestants the freedom of speech and expression. |
The Bernese carnivals were held more or less regularly in medieval time with strong anti-[[Papa]]l rhetoric from [[1523]] to [[1525]].After Peasant War the religious themes in carnivals was prohibited until local Reformation of [[1528]] returned the protestants the freedom of speech and expression.<ref name=" Theater, culture,and community in Reformation Bern, 1523-1555 |
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Pages 83,84">{{cite book | title = Theater, culture, and community in Reformation Bern Pages 83,84|Author= Glenn Ehrstine| date = 2002 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=r-j3SgmP5NcC&pg=RA1-PA90&lpg=RA1-PA90&dq=%22bernese+carnival%22&source=bl&ots=kRWSkq_-g5&sig=dUPVai09mHadY7tSAJwE5iBD5m8&hl=en&ei=FrLMS9n4B5KcswO-kvirAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=carnival&f=false/| accessdate = 2010-04-19 }}</ref> |
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Authorities also tried to ban carnivals in later centuries. The carnival as it is known today was introduced back in [[1982]]<ref name=" Carnival">{{cite web | title = Carnival| publisher =www.swissworld.org | date = | url = http://www.swissworld.org/en/culture/seasonal_customs/carnival/| accessdate = 2010-04-19 }}</ref> |
Authorities also tried to ban carnivals in later centuries. The carnival as it is known today was introduced back in [[1982]]<ref name=" Carnival">{{cite web | title = Carnival| publisher =www.swissworld.org | date = | url = http://www.swissworld.org/en/culture/seasonal_customs/carnival/| accessdate = 2010-04-19 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 01:57, 20 April 2010
Bern Bern Bärn | |
|---|---|
 Top left: Historical Museum, Top right: Federal Palace, Bottom: Aerial view of Bern | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Bern |
| District | Bern-Mittelland adminstrative district |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Stadtpräsident (list) Alexander Tschäppät SPS/PSS |
| Area | |
• Total | 51.6 km2 (19.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 542 m (1,778 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 864 m (2,835 ft) |
| Lowest elevation (Aare) | 480 m (1,570 ft) |
| Population (December 2020) | |
• Total | 134,794 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Berner |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 3000 |
| SFOS number | 0351 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BE |
| Surrounded by | Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen |
| Website | www SFSO statistics |
Bernese Fassnacht (Carnival) are held in Bern, and can be tracked back to the 15th Century. In 1513 Bernese carnival lead to peasant refolt. [1]
The Bernese carnivals were held more or less regularly in medieval time with strong anti-Papal rhetoric from 1523 to 1525.After Peasant War the religious themes in carnivals was prohibited until local Reformation of 1528 returned the protestants the freedom of speech and expression.[2]
Authorities also tried to ban carnivals in later centuries. The carnival as it is known today was introduced back in 1982[3]
Famous medieval plays and authors
Some carnival plays were contrasting Catholics and Protestants while other Jews and gentiles like in Goliath by Hans von Rüte. [4]
Niklaus Manuel
Niklaus Manuel was the first writer, who confronted Papacy in his plays. In 1522 he wrote two farces about the Pope, in which he showed the huge difference between the Pope and his priests and Jesus. The events of the real life, in particular Battle of Novara (1513), created backdrop for Manuel writings. He wrote about the cardinal Anselm von Hochmuth (Haughtiness)[5]:
Mightily I have enjoyed it,
For Christian blood to me is dear,
And that's why a red hat I wear.
The Pope from Manuel's plays even dismisses the plight of a Knight of Rhodes to help in the war against Muslims, and says "no bacon to the turnips" for that war, it is better to make a war with Christians.[6]
References
- ^ Violence in early modern Europe, 1500-1800. Press syndicate University of Cambridge. 2001. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Theater, culture, and community in Reformation Bern Pages 83,84. 2002. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "Carnival". www.swissworld.org. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ Theater, culture, and community in Reformation Bern Pages 221,222. 2002. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ History of the German people at the close of the middle page 39. 1900. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ History of the German people at the close of the middle page 41. 1900. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)