Jump to content

Heterixalus: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 11: Line 11:
}}
}}


'''Heterixalus''' is a genus of frogs within the family [[Hyperoliidae]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hyperoliidae/Hyperoliinae/Heterixalus |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hyperoliidae.shtml |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiaweb.org |language=en}}</ref> It is the [[sister taxon]] to the genus ''[[Tachycnemis]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vences |first=M. |last2=Kosuch |first2=J. |last3=Glaw |first3=F. |last4=Bohme |first4=W. |last5=Veith |first5=M. |date=2003-08 |title=Molecular phylogeny of hyperoliid treefrogs: biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean taxa and re-analysis of familial paraphyly |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |issn=0947-5745}}</ref> These frogs are commonly referred to as '''Madagascar reed frogs'''. ''Heterixalus'' species are colorful, small to medium-sized frogs ranging from 18-40 mm in length. They have webbing on both the front and back feet, and the digits and webbing are typically yellow and orange. The tips of the digits are circularly enlarged, and the lateral [[metatarsalia]] are connected. Distinct among Malagasy frogs, the [[pupil]] is shaped as a "vertical rhomboid," with the anterior side pointed outward and the posterior side semicircular. Additionally, [[Frog#Morphology and physiology|vomerine teeth]] are absent. Males are slightly smaller than females and can be told apart from the latter by weakly developed [[Nuptial pad|nuptial pads]] and a single, distensible [[vocal sac]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Glaw |first=Frank |title=A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar |last2=Vences |first2=Miguel |date=2007 |publisher=Vences & Glaw |isbn=978-3-929449-03-7 |edition=3. ed |location=Köln}}</ref>
'''Heterixalus''' is a genus of frogs within the family [[Hyperoliidae]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hyperoliidae/Hyperoliinae/Heterixalus |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hyperoliidae.shtml |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiaweb.org |language=en}}</ref> It is the [[sister taxon]] to the genus ''[[Tachycnemis]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vences |first=M. |last2=Kosuch |first2=J. |last3=Glaw |first3=F. |last4=Bohme |first4=W. |last5=Veith |first5=M. |date=2003 |title=Molecular phylogeny of hyperoliid treefrogs: biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean taxa and re-analysis of familial paraphyly |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |issn=0947-5745}}</ref> These frogs are commonly referred to as '''Madagascar reed frogs'''. ''Heterixalus'' species are colorful, small to medium-sized frogs ranging from 18-40 mm in length. They have webbing on both the front and back feet, and the digits and webbing are typically yellow and orange. The tips of the digits are circularly enlarged, and the lateral [[metatarsalia]] are connected. Distinct among Malagasy frogs, the [[pupil]] is shaped as a "vertical rhomboid," with the anterior side pointed outward and the posterior side semicircular. Additionally, [[Frog#Morphology and physiology|vomerine teeth]] are absent. Males are slightly smaller than females and can be told apart from the latter by weakly developed [[Nuptial pad|nuptial pads]] and a single, distensible [[vocal sac]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Glaw |first=Frank |title=A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar |last2=Vences |first2=Miguel |date=2007 |publisher=Vences & Glaw |isbn=978-3-929449-03-7 |edition=3 |location=Köln}}</ref>


''Heterixalus'' species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and [[Species complex|species complexes]] are by [[Frog hearing and communication|call.]] Typically, ''Heterixalus'' species live outside dense [[Forest|forests]], where they inhabit sunlit pools, [[Swamp|swamps]] and [[Paddy field|ricefields]].<ref name=":0" />
''Heterixalus'' species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and [[Species complex|species complexes]] are by [[Frog hearing and communication|call.]] Typically, ''Heterixalus'' species live outside dense [[Forest|forests]], where they inhabit sunlit pools, [[Swamp|swamps]] and [[Paddy field|ricefields]].<ref name=":0" />

Revision as of 04:38, 28 August 2024

Heterixalus
Heterixalus variabilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hyperoliidae
Genus: Heterixalus
Laurent, 1944
Type species
Eucnemis madagascariensis
Duméril and Bibron, 1841
Diversity
11 species

Heterixalus is a genus of frogs within the family Hyperoliidae, endemic to Madagascar.[1][2] It is the sister taxon to the genus Tachycnemis.[3] These frogs are commonly referred to as Madagascar reed frogs. Heterixalus species are colorful, small to medium-sized frogs ranging from 18-40 mm in length. They have webbing on both the front and back feet, and the digits and webbing are typically yellow and orange. The tips of the digits are circularly enlarged, and the lateral metatarsalia are connected. Distinct among Malagasy frogs, the pupil is shaped as a "vertical rhomboid," with the anterior side pointed outward and the posterior side semicircular. Additionally, vomerine teeth are absent. Males are slightly smaller than females and can be told apart from the latter by weakly developed nuptial pads and a single, distensible vocal sac.[4]

Heterixalus species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and species complexes are by call. Typically, Heterixalus species live outside dense forests, where they inhabit sunlit pools, swamps and ricefields.[4]

Species

Heterixalus contains 11 species:[1][2][4]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Heterixalus alboguttatus (Boulenger, 1882) Madagascar
Heterixalus andrakata Glaw and Vences, 1991 Madagascar.
Heterixalus betsileo (Grandidier, 1872) Madagascar
Heterixalus boettgeri (Mocquard, 1902) Madagascar
Heterixalus carbonei Vences, Glaw, Jesu, and Schimmenti, 2000 Madagascar
Heterixalus luteostriatus (Andersson, 1910) Madagascar
Heterixalus madagascariensis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) Madagascar
Heterixalus punctatus Glaw and Vences, 1994 Madagascar
Heterixalus rutenbergi (Boettger, 1881) Madagascar
Heterixalus tricolor (Boettger, 1881) Madagascar
Heterixalus variabilis (Ahl, 1930) Madagascar

References

  1. ^ a b "Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  2. ^ a b "AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae". amphibiaweb.org. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  3. ^ Vences, M.; Kosuch, J.; Glaw, F.; Bohme, W.; Veith, M. (2003). "Molecular phylogeny of hyperoliid treefrogs: biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean taxa and re-analysis of familial paraphyly". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 41 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x. ISSN 0947-5745.
  4. ^ a b c Glaw, Frank; Vences, Miguel (2007). A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar (3 ed.). Köln: Vences & Glaw. ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.