Heterixalus: Difference between revisions
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'''Heterixalus''' is a genus of frogs within the family [[Hyperoliidae]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hyperoliidae/Hyperoliinae/Heterixalus |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hyperoliidae.shtml |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiaweb.org |language=en}}</ref> It is the [[sister taxon]] to the genus ''[[Tachycnemis]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vences |first=M. |last2=Kosuch |first2=J. |last3=Glaw |first3=F. |last4=Bohme |first4=W. |last5=Veith |first5=M. |date=2003 |
'''Heterixalus''' is a genus of frogs within the family [[Hyperoliidae]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 {{!}} Amphibian Species of the World |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hyperoliidae/Hyperoliinae/Heterixalus |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hyperoliidae.shtml |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=amphibiaweb.org |language=en}}</ref> It is the [[sister taxon]] to the genus ''[[Tachycnemis]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vences |first=M. |last2=Kosuch |first2=J. |last3=Glaw |first3=F. |last4=Bohme |first4=W. |last5=Veith |first5=M. |date=2003 |title=Molecular phylogeny of hyperoliid treefrogs: biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean taxa and re-analysis of familial paraphyly |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x |issn=0947-5745}}</ref> These frogs are commonly referred to as '''Madagascar reed frogs'''. ''Heterixalus'' species are colorful, small to medium-sized frogs ranging from 18-40 mm in length. They have webbing on both the front and back feet, and the digits and webbing are typically yellow and orange. The tips of the digits are circularly enlarged, and the lateral [[metatarsalia]] are connected. Distinct among Malagasy frogs, the [[pupil]] is shaped as a "vertical rhomboid," with the anterior side pointed outward and the posterior side semicircular. Additionally, [[Frog#Morphology and physiology|vomerine teeth]] are absent. Males are slightly smaller than females and can be told apart from the latter by weakly developed [[Nuptial pad|nuptial pads]] and a single, distensible [[vocal sac]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Glaw |first=Frank |title=A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar |last2=Vences |first2=Miguel |date=2007 |publisher=Vences & Glaw |isbn=978-3-929449-03-7 |edition=3 |location=Köln}}</ref> |
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''Heterixalus'' species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and [[Species complex|species complexes]] are by [[Frog hearing and communication|call.]] Typically, ''Heterixalus'' species live outside dense [[Forest|forests]], where they inhabit sunlit pools, [[Swamp|swamps]] and [[Paddy field|ricefields]].<ref name=":0" /> |
''Heterixalus'' species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and [[Species complex|species complexes]] are by [[Frog hearing and communication|call.]] Typically, ''Heterixalus'' species live outside dense [[Forest|forests]], where they inhabit sunlit pools, [[Swamp|swamps]] and [[Paddy field|ricefields]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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Revision as of 04:38, 28 August 2024
| Heterixalus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Heterixalus variabilis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hyperoliidae |
| Genus: | Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 |
| Type species | |
| Eucnemis madagascariensis Duméril and Bibron, 1841
| |
| Diversity | |
| 11 species | |
Heterixalus is a genus of frogs within the family Hyperoliidae, endemic to Madagascar.[1][2] It is the sister taxon to the genus Tachycnemis.[3] These frogs are commonly referred to as Madagascar reed frogs. Heterixalus species are colorful, small to medium-sized frogs ranging from 18-40 mm in length. They have webbing on both the front and back feet, and the digits and webbing are typically yellow and orange. The tips of the digits are circularly enlarged, and the lateral metatarsalia are connected. Distinct among Malagasy frogs, the pupil is shaped as a "vertical rhomboid," with the anterior side pointed outward and the posterior side semicircular. Additionally, vomerine teeth are absent. Males are slightly smaller than females and can be told apart from the latter by weakly developed nuptial pads and a single, distensible vocal sac.[4]
Heterixalus species tend to be very variable in color and patterning, and up to three species can be found at the same location. Therefore, while many species do have characteristic coloration, the best way to distinguish species and species complexes are by call. Typically, Heterixalus species live outside dense forests, where they inhabit sunlit pools, swamps and ricefields.[4]
Species
Heterixalus contains 11 species:[1][2][4]
| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
 |
Heterixalus alboguttatus (Boulenger, 1882) | Madagascar |
| Heterixalus andrakata Glaw and Vences, 1991 | Madagascar. | |
_(7621362482).jpg) |
Heterixalus betsileo (Grandidier, 1872) | Madagascar |
_(9589005869).jpg) |
Heterixalus boettgeri (Mocquard, 1902) | Madagascar |
| Heterixalus carbonei Vences, Glaw, Jesu, and Schimmenti, 2000 | Madagascar | |
.jpg) |
Heterixalus luteostriatus (Andersson, 1910) | Madagascar |
_(7621641296).jpg) |
Heterixalus madagascariensis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) | Madagascar |
 |
Heterixalus punctatus Glaw and Vences, 1994 | Madagascar |
 |
Heterixalus rutenbergi (Boettger, 1881) | Madagascar |
| Heterixalus tricolor (Boettger, 1881) | Madagascar | |
|
Heterixalus variabilis (Ahl, 1930) | Madagascar |
References
- ^ a b "Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 | Amphibian Species of the World". amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
- ^ a b "AmphibiaWeb - Hyperoliidae". amphibiaweb.org. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
- ^ Vences, M.; Kosuch, J.; Glaw, F.; Bohme, W.; Veith, M. (2003). "Molecular phylogeny of hyperoliid treefrogs: biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean taxa and re-analysis of familial paraphyly". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 41 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00205.x. ISSN 0947-5745.
- ^ a b c Glaw, Frank; Vences, Miguel (2007). A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar (3 ed.). Köln: Vences & Glaw. ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.
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