Duke of Richmond: Difference between revisions
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'''Duke of Richmond''' is a title in the [[Peerage of England]] that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] and [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] families. |
'''Duke of Richmond''' is a title in the [[Peerage of England]] that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] and [[House of Stuart|Stuart]] families. |
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The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675{{efn|Lennox's mother was a Breton noble, and it is thought that the Richmond title was chosen to allude to the extinct [[Earl of Richmond|Earldom of Richmond]] which was held between 1136 and 1384 by members of the [[duke of Brittany|ducal family of Brittany]].}} for [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox]], the illegitimate son of [[ |
The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675{{efn|Lennox's mother was a Breton noble, and it is thought that the Richmond title was chosen to allude to the extinct [[Earl of Richmond|Earldom of Richmond]] which was held between 1136 and 1384 by members of the [[duke of Brittany|ducal family of Brittany]].}} for [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox]], the illegitimate son of [[Charles II of England]] and one of his mistresses, the [[Breton people|Breton]] noblewoman [[Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth|Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille]]; Charles Lennox was also made [[Duke of Lennox]] a month later. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was furthermore created [[Duke of Gordon]] in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] in 1876, meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms—plus, in [[Pretender|pretence]], the French [[Duke of Aubigny|Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère]]. |
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==History of the dukedom== |
==History of the dukedom== |
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Prior to the creation of the dukedom the early nobles of England associated with Richmondshire were [[Earl of Richmond|Lords and Earls of Richmond]]. At times the [[honour of Richmond]] was held without a title. The |
Prior to the creation of the dukedom the early nobles of England associated with Richmondshire were [[Earl of Richmond|Lords and Earls of Richmond]]. At times the [[honour of Richmond]] was held without a title. The dukedom of Richmond emerged under [[Henry VIII]]. |
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The first creation of a dukedom of Richmond (as ''Duke of Richmond and Somerset'') was made in 1525 for [[Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset|Henry FitzRoy]], an illegitimate son of |
The first creation of a dukedom of Richmond (as ''Duke of Richmond and Somerset'') was made in 1525 for [[Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset|Henry FitzRoy]], an illegitimate son of Henry VIII. His mother was [[Elizabeth Blount]]. Upon the Duke's death without children in 1536, his titles became extinct. |
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The second creation was in 1623 for [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd |
The second creation was in 1623 for [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox]] (see [[Lennox (district)]]) (1574–1624), who also held other titles in the [[peerage of Scotland]]. He was created [[Earl of Richmond]] and Baron Settrington in 1613 and Duke of Richmond in the [[peerage of England]] in 1623 as a member of the Lennox line (not unlike King [[James VI & I]] himself) in the [[House of Stuart]]. These became extinct at his death in 1624, but his Scottish honours devolved on his brother [[Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox|Esmé]], [[Earl of March]], who thus became 3rd Duke of Lennox in the peerage of Scotland. Esmé's son [[James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond|James, 4th Duke of Lennox]] (1612–1655) subsequently received the third creation of the dukedom of Richmond in 1641, when the two dukedoms again became united. In 1672, on the death of James' nephew [[Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond|Charles]], 3rd Duke of Richmond and 6th Duke of Lennox, both titles again became extinct.<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Richmond, Earls and Dukes of|volume=23|pages=306–307}}</ref> |
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The fourth creation of the dukedom of Richmond was in August 1675, when [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] granted the title to [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox]], his illegitimate son by [[Louise de Keroualle]], [[Duchess of Portsmouth]]. Charles Lennox was further created Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles' son, also Charles, succeeded to the French title [[Duke of Aubigny]] (of [[Aubigny-sur-Nère]]) on the death of his grandmother in 1734. The 6th [[Duke of Richmond and Lennox]] was created [[Duke of Gordon]] (See [[Clan Gordon]]) in 1876. Thus, the Duke holds three (four, if the French Aubigny claim is accepted) dukedoms;<ref name="EB1911"/> three, equal since 2022 to [[William, Prince of Wales|Prince William]], Duke of Cornwall, of Rothesay and of Cambridge. |
The fourth creation of the dukedom of Richmond was in August 1675, when [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] granted the title to [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond|Charles Lennox]], his illegitimate son by [[Louise de Keroualle]], [[Duchess of Portsmouth]]. Charles Lennox was further created Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles' son, also Charles, succeeded to the French title [[Duke of Aubigny]] (of [[Aubigny-sur-Nère]]) on the death of his grandmother in 1734. The 6th [[Duke of Richmond and Lennox]] was created [[Duke of Gordon]] (See [[Clan Gordon]]) in 1876. Thus, the Duke holds three (four, if the French Aubigny claim is accepted) dukedoms;<ref name="EB1911"/> three, equal since 2022 to [[William, Prince of Wales|Prince William]], Duke of Cornwall, of Rothesay and of Cambridge. |
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The subsidiary titles of the dukedom created in 1675 are ''Earl of March'' (created 1675), ''[[Earl of Darnley]]'' (1675), ''[[Earl of Kinrara]]'' (1876), ''Baron Settrington'', of Settrington in the County of York (1675), and ''Lord Torbolton'' (1675). |
The subsidiary titles of the dukedom created in 1675 are ''[[Earl of March]]'' (created 1675), ''[[Earl of Darnley]]'' (1675), ''[[Earl of Kinrara]]'' (1876), ''Baron Settrington'', of Settrington in the County of York (1675), and ''Lord Torbolton'' (1675). |
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[[File:10th Duke of Richmond & Gordon & 5th Duke of Lennox colour.jpg|thumb|175px| |
[[File:10th Duke of Richmond & Gordon & 5th Duke of Lennox colour.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond]], by [[Allan Warren]].]] |
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[[File:Lord March.JPG|thumb|175px|The 11th and current Duke, [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond|Charles Gordon-Lennox]].]] |
[[File:Lord March.JPG|thumb|175px|The 11th and current Duke, [[Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond|Charles Gordon-Lennox]].]] |
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The Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon are normally styled ''Duke of Richmond and Gordon''. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon they were styled ''Duke of Richmond and Lennox''. The titles ''Earl of March'' and ''Baron Settrington'' were created in the peerage of England along with the Dukedom of Richmond. The titles '' |
The Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon are normally styled ''Duke of Richmond and Gordon''. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon they were styled ''Duke of Richmond and Lennox''. The titles ''Earl of March'' and ''Baron Settrington'' were created in the peerage of England along with the Dukedom of Richmond. The titles ''Earl of Darnley'' and ''Lord Torbolton'' were created in the peerage of Scotland along with the dukedom of Lennox. Finally, the title ''Earl of Kinrara'' was created in the peerage of the United Kingdom with the dukedom of Gordon. The eldest son of the Duke uses the [[courtesy title]] ''Earl of March and Kinrara''. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon, the courtesy title used was ''Earl of March''. |
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The family seat is [[Goodwood House]] near [[Chichester]], [[West Sussex]]. |
The family seat is [[Goodwood House]] near [[Chichester]], [[West Sussex]]. |
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| 1525–1536 |
| 1525–1536 |
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| [[Mary FitzRoy, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset|Lady Mary Howard]] |
| [[Mary FitzRoy, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset|Lady Mary Howard]] |
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| Extramarital son of [[ |
| Extramarital son of [[Henry VIII]] |
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| [[Earl of Nottingham]] |
| [[Earl of Nottingham]] |
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| 1623–1624 |
| 1623–1624 |
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| [[Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond|Lady Frances Howard]] |
| [[Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond|Lady Frances Howard]] |
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| Second cousin and favourite of |
| Second cousin and favourite of James I |
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| [[Duke of Lennox]]<br>[[Earl of Lennox]]<br>[[Earl of Richmond]] |
| [[Duke of Lennox]]<br>[[Earl of Lennox]]<br>[[Earl of Richmond]] |
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The earlier dukes (creations of 1623 and 1641) bore: Quarterly 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis and a bordure engrailed Or; 2 and 3 Or a fess chequy azure and argent, a bordure gules semy of buckles Or (Stewart of Bonkyl); overall an inescutcheon of Lennox. <!-- Is the first quarter Berry, in which case the bordure ought to be gules, or for a cadet of Montgomery? --> |
The earlier dukes (creations of 1623 and 1641) bore: Quarterly 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis and a bordure engrailed Or; 2 and 3 Or a fess chequy azure and argent, a bordure gules semy of buckles Or (Stewart of Bonkyl); overall an inescutcheon of Lennox. <!-- Is the first quarter Berry, in which case the bordure ought to be gules, or for a cadet of Montgomery? --> |
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Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (creation of 1525), bore the Tudor royal arms (quarterly France and England) with a border quarterly ermine (for [[Duke of Brittany|Brittany]]) and compony azure and argent (for [[Duke of Somerset|Somerset]]), a baton sinister argent for bastardy, and overall an escutcheon of [[Earl of Nottingham|Nottingham]]. |
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (creation of 1525), bore the Tudor royal arms (quarterly France and England) with a border quarterly ermine (for [[Duke of Brittany|Brittany]]) and [[Componée|compony]] azure and argent (for [[Duke of Somerset|Somerset]]), a baton sinister argent for bastardy, and overall an escutcheon of [[Earl of Nottingham|Nottingham]]. |
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==Family tree== |
==Family tree== |
Revision as of 11:09, 5 July 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2016) |
Dukedom of Richmond held with Dukedom of Lennox and Dukedom of Gordon | |
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![]() ![]() Quarterly: 1st and 4th grand quarters, the Royal Arms of Charles II (viz. quarterly: 1st and 4th, France and England quarterly; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland); the whole within a bordure compony argent charged with roses gules barbed and seeded proper and the last; overall an escutcheon gules charged with three buckles or (Dukedom of Aubigny); 2nd grand quarter, argent a saltire engrailed gules between four roses of the second barbed and seeded proper (Lennox); 3rd grand quarter, quarterly, 1st, azure three boars' heads couped or (Gordon); 2nd, or three lions' heads erased gules (Badenoch); 3rd, or three crescents within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules (Seton); 4th, azure three cinquefoils argent (Fraser). | |
Creation date | 1675 |
Created by | Charles II |
Peerage | Peerage of England |
First holder | Charles Lennox |
Present holder | Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond |
Heir apparent | Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara |
Remainder to | the 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten |
Subsidiary titles | Earl of March Earl of Darnley Earl of Kinrara Baron Settrington Lord Torbolton Duke of Aubigny |
Seat(s) | Goodwood House |
Former seat(s) | Gordon Castle |
Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.
The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675[a] for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of Charles II of England and one of his mistresses, the Breton noblewoman Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille; Charles Lennox was also made Duke of Lennox a month later. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was furthermore created Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876, meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms—plus, in pretence, the French Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère.
History of the dukedom
Prior to the creation of the dukedom the early nobles of England associated with Richmondshire were Lords and Earls of Richmond. At times the honour of Richmond was held without a title. The dukedom of Richmond emerged under Henry VIII.
The first creation of a dukedom of Richmond (as Duke of Richmond and Somerset) was made in 1525 for Henry FitzRoy, an illegitimate son of Henry VIII. His mother was Elizabeth Blount. Upon the Duke's death without children in 1536, his titles became extinct.
The second creation was in 1623 for Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (see Lennox (district)) (1574–1624), who also held other titles in the peerage of Scotland. He was created Earl of Richmond and Baron Settrington in 1613 and Duke of Richmond in the peerage of England in 1623 as a member of the Lennox line (not unlike King James VI & I himself) in the House of Stuart. These became extinct at his death in 1624, but his Scottish honours devolved on his brother Esmé, Earl of March, who thus became 3rd Duke of Lennox in the peerage of Scotland. Esmé's son James, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655) subsequently received the third creation of the dukedom of Richmond in 1641, when the two dukedoms again became united. In 1672, on the death of James' nephew Charles, 3rd Duke of Richmond and 6th Duke of Lennox, both titles again became extinct.[1]
The fourth creation of the dukedom of Richmond was in August 1675, when Charles II granted the title to Charles Lennox, his illegitimate son by Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth. Charles Lennox was further created Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles' son, also Charles, succeeded to the French title Duke of Aubigny (of Aubigny-sur-Nère) on the death of his grandmother in 1734. The 6th Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon (See Clan Gordon) in 1876. Thus, the Duke holds three (four, if the French Aubigny claim is accepted) dukedoms;[1] three, equal since 2022 to Prince William, Duke of Cornwall, of Rothesay and of Cambridge.
The subsidiary titles of the dukedom created in 1675 are Earl of March (created 1675), Earl of Darnley (1675), Earl of Kinrara (1876), Baron Settrington, of Settrington in the County of York (1675), and Lord Torbolton (1675).
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/10th_Duke_of_Richmond_%26_Gordon_%26_5th_Duke_of_Lennox_colour.jpg/175px-10th_Duke_of_Richmond_%26_Gordon_%26_5th_Duke_of_Lennox_colour.jpg)
The Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon are normally styled Duke of Richmond and Gordon. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon they were styled Duke of Richmond and Lennox. The titles Earl of March and Baron Settrington were created in the peerage of England along with the Dukedom of Richmond. The titles Earl of Darnley and Lord Torbolton were created in the peerage of Scotland along with the dukedom of Lennox. Finally, the title Earl of Kinrara was created in the peerage of the United Kingdom with the dukedom of Gordon. The eldest son of the Duke uses the courtesy title Earl of March and Kinrara. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon, the courtesy title used was Earl of March.
The family seat is Goodwood House near Chichester, West Sussex.
Dukes of Richmond and Somerset (1525)
Created by Henry VIII of England | |||||
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# | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
1 | Henry FitzRoy 1519–1536 |
1525–1536 | Lady Mary Howard | Extramarital son of Henry VIII | Earl of Nottingham |
Dukes of Richmond (1623)
Created by James I of England | |||||
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# | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
1 | Ludovic Stewart 1574–1624 |
1623–1624 | Lady Frances Howard | Second cousin and favourite of James I | Duke of Lennox Earl of Lennox Earl of Richmond |
Dukes of Richmond (1641)
Created by Charles I of England | |||||
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# | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
1 | James Stewart 1612–1655 |
1641–1655 | Lady Mary Villiers | Nephew of Ludovic Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond |
Duke of Lennox Earl of Lennox Earl of March Baron Clifton |
2 | Esmé Stewart 1649–1660 |
1655–1660 | unmarried | Son of the preceding | |
3 | Charles Stewart 1639–1672 |
1660–1672 | Lady Elizabeth Rogers Lady Margaret Banaster Lady Frances Stewart |
Cousin of the preceding | Duke of Lennox Earl of Lennox Earl of March Earl of Lichfield Baron Clifton |
Dukes of Richmond (1675)
Created by Charles II of England | |||||
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No. | Name | Period | Duchess | Notes | Other titles |
1 | Charles Lennox 1672–1723 |
1675–1723 | Lady Anne Brudenell | Extramarital son of Charles II | Duke of Lennox Earl of March Earl of Darnley Baron of Settrington Lord of Torboulton |
2 | Charles Lennox 1701–1750 |
1723–1750 | Lady Sarah Cadogan | Son of the preceding | |
3 | Charles Lennox 1735–1806 |
1750–1806 | Lady Mary Bruce | Son of the preceding | |
4 | Charles Lennox 1764–1819 |
1806–1819 | Lady Charlotte Gordon | Nephew of the preceding | |
5 | Charles Gordon-Lennox 1791–1860 |
1819–1860 | Lady Caroline Paget | Son of the preceding | |
6 | Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox 1818–1903 |
1860–1903 | Frances Greville | Son of the preceding | Duke of Lennox Duke of Gordon Earl of March Earl of Darnley Earl of Kinrara Baron of Settrington Lord of Torboulton |
7 | Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox 1845–1928 |
1903–1928 | widowed | Son of the preceding | |
8 | Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox 1870–1935 |
1928–1935 | Hilda Brassey | Son of the preceding | |
9 | Frederick Charles Gordon-Lennox 1904–1989 |
1935–1989 | Elizabeth Hudson | Son of the preceding | |
10 | Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox 1929–2017 |
1989–2017 | Susan Grenville-Grey | Son of the preceding | |
11 | Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox b. 1955 |
since 2017 | The Honourable Janet Elizabeth Astor | Son of the preceding |
The heir apparent is Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara (b. 1994), eldest son of the 11th Duke.
Line of succession (simplified)
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond (1818–1903)
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 7th Duke of Richmond (1845–1928)
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 8th Duke of Richmond (1870–1935)
Frederick Gordon-Lennox, 9th Duke of Richmond (1904–1989)
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 10th Duke of Richmond (1929–2017)
Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond (born 1955)
- (1) Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara (b. 1994)
- (2) Lord William Rupert Gordon-Lennox (b. 1996)
- (3) Lord Frederick Lysander Gordon-Lennox (b. 2000)
- Lord Esmé Charles Gordon-Lennox (1875–1949)
- Reginald Arthur Charles Gordon-Lennox (1910–1965)
- male issue in line
- Reginald Arthur Charles Gordon-Lennox (1910–1965)
- Lord Bernard Charles Gordon-Lennox (1878–1914)
- Sir George Gordon-Lennox (1908–1988)
- Bernard Gordon Lennox (1932–2017)
- male issue in line
- other male issue in line
- Bernard Gordon Lennox (1932–2017)
- Sir Alexander Henry Charles Gordon-Lennox (1911–1987)
- male issue in line
- Sir George Gordon-Lennox (1908–1988)
- Lord Walter Gordon-Lennox (1865–1922)
- Victor Charles Hugh Gordon-Lennox (1897–1968)
- male issue in line
- Victor Charles Hugh Gordon-Lennox (1897–1968)
Coat of arms (full achievement)
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Duke_of_Richmond_02817.jpg/180px-Arms_of_Duke_of_Richmond_02817.jpg)
The earlier dukes (creations of 1623 and 1641) bore: Quarterly 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis and a bordure engrailed Or; 2 and 3 Or a fess chequy azure and argent, a bordure gules semy of buckles Or (Stewart of Bonkyl); overall an inescutcheon of Lennox.
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (creation of 1525), bore the Tudor royal arms (quarterly France and England) with a border quarterly ermine (for Brittany) and compony azure and argent (for Somerset), a baton sinister argent for bastardy, and overall an escutcheon of Nottingham.
Family tree
Dukes of: Aubigny, Lennox, Gordon, Richmond; Marquesses of Huntly; Earls of: Aboyne, Enzie, Huntly, Kinrara, Lennox, March, and Richmond; Viscounts: Aboyne and Inverness; and Barons/Lords: Gordon of Badenoch, Gordon of Strathavon and Glenlivet, Meldrum, Settrington, and Strathaven, Balmore, Auchindoun, Garthie and Kincardine | Family tree of the|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
Notes
- ^ Lennox's mother was a Breton noble, and it is thought that the Richmond title was chosen to allude to the extinct Earldom of Richmond which was held between 1136 and 1384 by members of the ducal family of Brittany.
References
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 306–307.
- ^ Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Richmond and Gordon, Duke of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 2935–2940. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.
- ^ a b "His Grace's Coat of Arms". The History Guide. 14 August 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
Further reading
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–420.
- Tillyard, Stella. Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa, and Sarah Lennox, 1740–1832. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.
- Baird, Rosemary. Goodwood: Art and Architecture, Sport and Family, Frances Lincoln, 2007