Ryś Battalion

Ryś Battalion
BCh District Headquarters. Seated second from the left is Kazimierz Lancmański "Żuraw", third Stanisław Basaj "Ryś", fourth Bronisław Sowiński "Stepkowski". Standing third from the right Aleksy Nowak "Gleba", deputy of the BC District Headquarters
Active	1942 spring - 1945.03.25–10 May 1945
Country	Peasant Battalions
Branch	Peasant Battalions
Type	Partisant Unit
Role	Wage Partisant war
Size	800 soldiers
Garrison/HQ	unknown
Nickname(s)	Ryś
Motto(s)	"Przez Walkę do Zwycięstwa"
Commanders
Ceremonial chief	Stanisław Basaj

Ryś Battalion The Consipration Battalion of the Peasant Battalions, which operated in the Hrubišov District from 1942 to 1945, numbered several hundred men at its peak, and was one of the largest groups that fought against the Ukrainian Nationalist troops and the Wermacht. The Battalion played an important role in the history of some people, preventing the pacification and massacre of villages and becoming one of the most famous battalions in the district

History

In the same area, in the south of the district, where the battalion of District 5 South, commanded by Stefan Kwaśniewski "Wiktor", operated, there was a BCh battalion, under the command of Stanisław Basaj "Rys".The history of this battalion has a relatively rich literature. It is mentioned in the publication "Źródła i materiały do dziejów Ruchu Oporu na Lubelszczyźnie" in volume two "Bataliony Chłopskie na Lubelszczyźnie".and volume five "Kalendarium walki Batalionów Chłopskich na Lubelszczyźnie". This is where the annexes in this study on the BCh District come from. Jerzy Markiewicz in his book "Paprocie zakwitły krwią partzantów" ("Ferns bloomed with the blood of partisans") and Wojciech Sulewski in his booklet "Lasy płoną" ("Forests are burning") write about the history of this battalion. The genesis and political foundation of the BCh battalion is mentioned in this work in the chapter "Ruch ludowy, SL, ROCH, Chłostra, Bataliony Chłopskie". In the aforementioned second volume of "Źródeł i materiały do dziejów ruchu oporu na Lubelszczyźnie" ("Sources and Materials for the History of the Resistance Movement in the Lublin Region") (Wydawnictwo Lubelskie, 1960), the formation of this formation is presented in the following way (p. 15).

From November 1942, the next phase of the General Plan East, approved by Heinrich Himmler on 12 June 1942, began to be implemented in the Zamojskie region; following this, Himmler issued another decree (12 November 1942), which was a formal act recognising Zamojskie as the first settlement area (Siedlungsstutzpunkte) in the General Government (GG); there were to be 14 of them in the GG. On 28 November 1942, a great displacement action began, the brutality and bestiality of which were unprecedented in the history of Europe; villages were surrounded at night, the entire population was herded to a selected square, often murdering the infirm and resistant; the population was also segregated; Children were detached and sent to resettlement or concentration camps in the interior of the country or to concentration camps, while "racially pure" children were sent to be Germanised; as the action took place in late autumn and winter, trains full of frozen corpses of children circulated in the country.

Ryś battalion

German colonists from almost the whole of Europe - from the Reich, Bessarabia, Romania, Slovenia and the USSR - were brought to replace the displaced Poles; a special policy was applied to local Ukrainians ("Ukraineraktion"), settling them on the shores of the settlement belt to protect the Germans from attacks by the Polish underground. In the spring of 1942, a small operational group was formed in the village of Małków in the Hrubieszów district, headed by Stanisław Basaj "Ryś". This group grew rapidly in numbers and in July 1943 formed a battalion headed by the so-called 'Headquarters'. It consisted of: as commander, Stanisław Basaj "Ryś", Zenon Pielachowski "Dzierżyński", Jerzy Brzuś "O stoja", Józef Wolański "Igor" and Stanisław Hulak "Stępień". The battalion consisted of ten platoons, a non-commissioned officer school, a reconnaissance team, a sanitary section and rolling stock. The total strength was 670 privates; 59 NCOs and four . Battalion fought at Zamość Uprising

In late autumn, Stanislaw Basaj's troops were quartered and gathering strength for further battles, but this calm was disturbed by the 14th SS Grenadier Division in the strength of 2 companies. They attacked the villages of Górka-Zabłocie and Małków, where Stanislaw Basaj's forces and the Home army were stationed, and easily dealt with the attack, The next day Ryś struck at the same forces that had attacked him, the Ukrainian forces were at a disadvantage, inflicting heavy losses on them, thus preventing the pacification of Malkov, but on 14 February probably 140 soldiers of the Ryś battalion and the Home Army fought a battle with German forces near Zabłocie, the day-long battle ended in a Polish victory and inflicting colossal losses on the Germans, thanks to which the Basaj's troops captured ammunition and weapons from the Germans. On 27 February, there was another skirmish near Malkov, where the battalion claimed victory over the SS Beyersdorf Battle Group and the Ukrainian National Self-Defence. Sparing the Polish population, they bravely attacked another detachment of the 14th Division's Granadiers and police; the Ukrainians were beaten in the villages of Górna and Łasków; on that day still, Basaj and "Bold" again went to Małków for ammunition, where they easily dealt with the Ukrainian militia there

February 1943. "Ryś" with a group of soldiers carries out a successful action against the Ukrainian police in Kryłów during the funeral of a Ukrainian policeman. In the same month an action of the "Rys" detachment against a Ukrainian unit takes place. Livestock looted from the Poles was taken back. March 1943 The "Rysia" detachment carries out an action against Ukrainian posts in Łasków and Szychowice. A few days later the Germans attack Małków. Relief comes from the direction of Modryń, where AK is stationed. The battle area stretched from Modryń to Mircz. The battle lasted all day. 27 Germans and Ukrainians were killed. Own losses 3 killed and 5 wounded. The Ukrainians retreated to Sahryń, the Germans to Hrubieszów

On 15 March 1944 "Ryś", surprised near the village of Proske, smashed a German patrol. On March 16/17 the 1st Battalion fought a battle with a pacification group consisting of gendarmes, SS men and Ukrainian police from the UPA "Jahoda" group, which attacked the village of Łasków, the Zabłocie colony and Małków. The battalion was supported by Home Army units of Olszak "Hardy" and Aleksandrov "Brawura". The attackers were smashed. The effectiveness of "Ryś" actions caused a strong German response. On 19 March, units of the 14th SS Grenadier Division, Ortschutz, Ukrainian police and partly Schupo and gendarmes, launched a large-scale operation against the Basaj battalion and the "Wiktor" AK battalion. When the Germans encircled one of the "Rys" platoons in the village of Łasków, the main forces of the Basaj battalion and the "Wiktor" battalion rushed to the aid of the encircled. "Rys" pushed out the enemy and captured the Mircze-Kryłów road. At the same time, "Czarusia" and "Wiktor" companies of the Home Army drove the enemy back from the Sokal-Hrubieszow road and captured Mircze; having achieved these objectives, the Polish units captured the last points of enemy resistance in the villages of: Modryń, Modryniec and Masłomęcz The third phase of operations attacked Ukrainian self-defence bases in the villages of: Mieniany, Kozodawy, Cichobórz and Kosmów, completely driving out their crews. Significant losses were inflicted on the enemy, but the "Rysia" battalion also lost several men.

On 18 March 1943, BCh units came to the relief of the Górka colony attacked by Ukrainians. In pursuit of the Ukrainians, they encountered the Germans on the Hrubieszów-Sokal road. In April 1943, another defence of Malkov against the onslaught of Ukrainian nationalists. Battle in the village of Prehoryłe. Unsuccessful attack on the village of Holubie. September 1943 three platoons from the BCh battalion take part in a battle in Sahryń. Own losses 1 killed, 1 wounded. Ukrainians six killed. Further battles in defence of the attacked villages of Małków and Górki

In the summer of 1943, the Germans practically ceased their displacement actions in the Zamojszczyzna region, as they no longer had the strength to continue implementing the General Plan East; pacifications and anti-partisan operations were carried out more with a view to ensuring security at the frontline; from the earlyly spring of 1944, the Zamojszczyzna region experienced a new tragedy; the nationalist Ukrainian movement (OUN, UPA), supported by the Germans, undertook concentrated and ruthless actions aimed at pushing back or liquidating the Polish element from the south-eastern districts of Zamojskie (Hrubieszów, Tomaszów, Bilgoraj);

Ryś conducted Attack on police station in Mieniany. 7 Ukrainian policemen were killed. December 1943 Attack by Ukrainians on Modryń on Christmas Eve. Own losses 7 people, Ukrainian losses 14. 3 rifles captured

A skirmish with Ukrainians and Germans is reported on 18 January. On 7 February, the Ukrainians attack Małków. The BCh troops are commanded by Karol (kaczała). Own losses 3 dead and 7 wounded. The enemy has 22 killed, On 11 February, the Bechov soldiers set up an ambush on the wedding of a Ukrainian policeman in Wereszyn. 4 Ukrainian policemen and 1 German were killed. 1 rkm, 2 rifles and 1 wis were captured. 14 February 1944 Battle of Zabłocie with participation of BCh and AK. In the next action, on 16 February 1944, when the Germans and Ukrainians attacked Małków again from the direction of Dołhobycz and Waręż, "Ryś" wanted to act completely independently, without the help of the AK. This risked defeat. It was then that a battalion of the Home Army came to his aid, taking the Germans into clutches

Map of Hrubieszów

On 17 February, the Germans directed their attack on Prehoryłe, with the relief of a BCh unit came to the rescue. On 27 February, another attack by the Ukrainians on Łasków and Górki. Co-operating AK and BCh units. Two Ukrainians were killed. 2 rifles, 3 grenades and a nagan were captured.10.On 5 March a clash with the Ukrainian SS Galizien and Ortschutz was recorded, in which 1 BCh soldier was killed and 1 wounded. When, on 9 March, two battalions of the Home Army under the command of Stefan Kwasniewski and Zenon Jachymek took action against the Ukrainians with a broad front from Prehoryłe to Sahryń, initially the BCh units did not participate in this battle took part in this battle, with the exception of a small detachment which served as a guide. However, as the action developed, the BCh units joined the action on the eastern wing of the battle, where Stefan Kwaśniewski was in command. I am writing about this more extensively, as Wojciech Sulewski in his publications attributes to the battalion of "Rysia" battalion the whole of this battle, which is not true

On 19 and 20 March, the BCh battalion, with the support of the AK battalion, fought a great battle with the Germans, who struck with large forces at Górki, Lasków, Małków from the east and from the west from the vicinity of Stara Wieś. After this battle the BCh battalion withdrew to the Topmaszowski district, destroying during the march the narrow-gauge railway tracks leading from Hrubieszów to Uhnowo.At that time, in April, and not in May 1944, as it is stated in the BCh report, a platoon under the command of Władysław Tuchowski "Kordian" came under the command of the BCh, in the strength of 25 men.

For about a week, a BCh battalion has been stationed in areas belonging to District 4 of the AK. These are villages in the communes of Miączyn and Molodiatycze. Here, too, one platoon of the AK under the command of Władysław Adamowicz "Taran" comes under the command of the BCh. After a temporary stay in this area, the BCh battalion passes to Puszcza Solska. Here there is an encounter with a unit of Soviet partisans, under the command of Colonel Shangin. On 25 May, the BCh units, with the assistance of miners from Szangin's unit, destroyed a bridge over the Tanew River, on the Biłgo raj-Tarnogród road. On 5 June, an agreement on mutual assistance and cooperation was signed by "Rysio" and Szangin

In the first half of June, Stanisław Basaj "Ryś", together with part of his battalion, returned to the Hrubieszów poviat to collect the hidden weapons and ammunition. The second part of the battalion under the command of Antoni Warchał "Szczerba" took part in the Battle of Osuchy from 25 to 28 June. A detailed description of this bloody and tragic battle is given in the book Jerzy Markiewicz's book titled "The Blood of Ferns. "Ferns bloomed with the blood of partisans". The battalion suffered heavy losses. The commander of the unit, Antoni Warchał "Szczerba", the commander of the non-commissioned officer school Pielachowski "Dzierżyński" and many others

After this battle, part of the battalion returned to the south of Hrubieszów poviat, the command proceeded to rebuild its forces. A few weeks later, the district was liberated by the encroaching Red Army and Polish Army units. The BCh battalion under the command of "Rys" and the AK South battalion under the command of Stefan Kwaśniewski "Wiktor" operated in the same area, so they constantly constantly came into contact with each other. Relations between these formations were characterised by of competition. Wherever there was a threat of danger from Germans or Wherever there was a danger from Germans or Ukrainians, the Home Army and the BCh cooperated with each other. There is no mistake in saying that in all battles fought by AK battalions, units of BCh also participated and vice versa, where the BCh fought, the Home Army came with support. It was only after the battle that arguments began about whose participation in the battle was greater and about the division of the spoils of war between the two organisations.

Death of Basaj

"Ryś" was hated by the Ukrainians, with whom he fought in the ranks of the MO formations after the Red Army drove the Germans away. On 25 March 1945 in the town of Kryłów Ukrainians organised an ambush into which "Ryś" fell, captured him and in a bestial way murdered him (crushing his body with a wheel), and then buried him in a place unknown to this day. For harbouring an "enemy of Ukraine", the Ukrainian Ukrainian army organised the so-called Bloody Sunday in Krylov, during which 17 officers of the Civic Militia and 28 civilians were murdered.

According to another version, Basaj lost his life on 27 March 1945, two days after his abduction from Krylov. He was interrogated in Liski Waręskie in the presence of the highest-ranking members of the Ukrainian underground in the Chełm region, probably including the OUN-B Security Service referent Łeonid Łapinśki "Zenon". This is also where all trace of Basaj disappears. Presumably he was executed in this area.

List of Ryś Battles

Place	Date	Result
Ameryka	6.I.1943	Polish Victory
Kryłów	II.1943	Polish Victory
Małków	II.43	Polish Victory
Łasków	17.III.43	Polish Victory
Modryń	III.1943	Polish Victory
Prehoryłe	IV. 1943	Polish Victory
Mieniany	15.IX.43	Polish Victory
Sahryń	15.IX.43	Ukrainian Victory
Sahryń	17.IX. 1943	Polish Victory
Modryń	24.XII.43	Polish Victory
Małków	29.I.44	Decisive Polish Victory
Zabłocie	14.II.44	Polish Victory
Prehoryłe	17.II.44	Polish Victory
Białowody - Pielaki	27.II.44	Polish Victory
Górka	27.II.44	Decesive Polish Victory
Łasków	27.II.44	Polish Victory
Łasków	28.II.44	Polish Victory
Prehoryłe	5.III.44	Polish Victory
Prehoryłe	8.III.44 9.III.44	Decesive Polish Victory -Withdrawal of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's forces
Łasków kol.	10.III.44	Polish Victory -Łasków Massacre
Sahryń	10.III.44	Polish Victory -Sahryń Massacre
Bereść	16.III.44	Polish Victory
Masłomęcz	19.III.44	Polish Victory -German Forces was Crushed
Łasków kol.	19.III.44 23.III.44	Decesive Polish Victory
Lipowiec	21.III.44	Polish Victory
Frankamionka	23.III.44	Polish Victory
Dąbr. k/Uchań	8.VI.44	Inoclusive
Żulice	9.Vi.44	Polish Victory
Battle of Osuchy	26.VI.44	German Victory

Assessment Of Activities

Basaj and his battalion played a very important role in the Zamość Uprising and especially in skirmishes with the Ukrainians, defeating them battle after battle and saving many pacified villages as in the battle of Małków or at Mieniany. Ryś showed us how to build a holy partisan force, which only needs to be supplied with weapons and a commander to pose a very great threat. The battalion's losses were mainly due to the overwhelming superiority of the enemy, who was equipped with modernised weapons. at the peak moment the battalion had even 800 men.