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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Northern Thai on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Northern Thai in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-NOD

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Northern Thai language pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA	Thai alphabet	Tai Tham	English approximation
b	บ		abash
d	ฎ, ด		ado
f	ฝ, ฟ	,	food
h	ห, ฮ	,,	head
j	ย, อย, หย		yak
k	ก	,	scan	kʰ	ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ	,,,	car
l	ล, ฬ, หล	,,	leaf
m	ม, หม		much
n	ณ, น, หน	,	not
ŋ	ง, หง		bang
ɲ	ญ	,	canyon
p	ป	,	span
pʰ	ผ, พ, ภ	,	pan
r	ร, หร		Trilled right
s	ฉ, ช, ฌ, ซ, ศ, ษ, ส	,,,,,	sue
t	ฏ, ต	,,	stable
tʰ	ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ	,,,	table
t͡ɕ	จ	,	question
w	ว, หว		way
x^[1]	ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ	,,,	Scottish loch
ʔ	อ, ะ	,	the catch in uh-oh

Tones
IPA	Description
aː = āː	mid [aː˧]
àː	low falling [aː˨˩] or [aː˩]
âː	high falling [aː˥˩]
a᷇ː	high-mid falling [aː˥˧]
áː	high rising [aː˦˥] or[aː˥]
ǎː	low rising [aː˨˥]

Vowels
IPA	Thai Alphabet^[2]	Tai Tham script	English approximation
Short vowels
a	◌ะ, ◌ั◌	,	cut
e	เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌	◌,	roughly like say
ɛ	แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌	◌,	roughly like bat
i	◌ิ, ◌ิ◌	,	happy
o	โ◌ะ, ◌◌	◌,	go without u sound (shorter)
ɔ	เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌		off
u	◌ุ, ◌ุ◌	,	loot (shorter)
ɯ	◌ึ, ◌ึ◌		good
ɤ	เ◌อะ		roughly like hurt (shorter)
Long vowels
aː	◌า, ◌า◌	,	bra
eː	เ◌, เ◌◌	◌,	play
ɛː	แ◌, แ◌◌	◌	roughly like man
iː	◌ี, ◌ี◌		green
oː	โ◌, โ◌◌	◌,◌	go without u sound
ɔː	◌อ, ◌อ◌	,	dog
uː	◌ู, ◌ู,		moon
ɯː	◌ือ, ◌ื◌		good (longer)
ɤː	เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌		roughly like fur
Diphthongs
iaʔ, iəʔ	เ◌ียะ		No English equivalent
ia, iə	เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌		idea
uaʔ, uəʔ	◌ัวะ		No English equivalent
ua, uə	◌ัว, ◌ว◌		poor (British English)
ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ	เ◌ือะ		No English equivalent
ɯa, ɯə	เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌		No English equivalent

Notes

^ Allophone in some dialects.
^ Vowels diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |-
 |<big> {{IPAlink|d}}</big>
-|<big> ฎ,ด </big>||[[File:Lanna-17.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | a'''d'''o
+|<big> ฎ, ด </big>||[[File:Lanna-17.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | a'''d'''o
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
-|<big> ฝ,ฟ </big>||[[File:Lanna-26.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-28.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''f'''ood
+|<big> ฝ, ฟ </big>||[[File:Lanna-26.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-28.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''f'''ood
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
-|<big> ห,ฮ </big>||[[File:Lanna-38.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-41.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
+|<big> ห, ฮ </big>||[[File:Lanna-38.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-41.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
-|<big> ย,อย,หย </big>||[[File:Lanna-44.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
+|<big> ย, อย, หย </big>||[[File:Lanna-44.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
 |<big> ก </big>||[[File:Lanna-1.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-4.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''c'''an
+|<big>{{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big>
+|<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>||[[File:Lanna-2.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-3.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-5.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-6.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''c'''ar
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
-|<big> ล,ฬ,หล</big>||[[File:Lanna-33.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-39.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''eaf
+|<big> ล, ฬ, หล</big>||[[File:Lanna-33.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-39.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''eaf
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
-|<big> ม,หม</big>||[[File:Lanna-30.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
+|<big> ม, หม</big>||[[File:Lanna-30.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
-|<big> ณ,น,หน </big>||[[File:Lanna-16.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-22.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
+|<big> ณ, น, หน </big>||[[File:Lanna-16.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-22.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
-|<big> ง,หง</big>||[[File:Lanna-7.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | ba'''ng'''
+|<big> ง, หง</big>||[[File:Lanna-7.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | ba'''ng'''
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>
-|<big> ผ,พ,ภ </big>||[[File:Lanna-25.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-29.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
+|<big> ผ, พ, ภ </big>||[[File:Lanna-25.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-29.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
-|<big> ร,หร</big>||[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | Trilled '''r'''ight
+|<big> ร, หร</big>||[[File:Lanna-32.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | Trilled '''r'''ight
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
-|<big> ฉ,ช,ฌ,ซ,ศ,ษ,ส </big>||[[File:Lanna-9.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-11.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-12.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-35.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-36.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-37.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
+|<big> ฉ, ช, ฌ, ซ, ศ, ษ, ส </big>||[[File:Lanna-9.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-11.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-12.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-35.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-36.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-37.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
 |-
 |<big> {{IPAlink|t}}</big>
-|<big> ฏ,ต </big>||[[File:Lanna-14.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-18.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-20.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''able
+|<big> ฏ, ต </big>||[[File:Lanna-14.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-18.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-20.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''able
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>
-|<big> ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ </big>||[[File:Lanna-15.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-15-5.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-19.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-21.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''able
+|<big> ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ </big>||[[File:Lanna-15.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-15-5.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-19.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-21.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''able
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}</big>
@@ Line 64: / Line 66: @@
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
-|<big> ว,หว </big>||[[File:Lanna-34.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''w'''ay
+|<big> ว, หว </big>||[[File:Lanna-34.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | '''w'''ay
 |-
-|<big> {{IPAlink|x}}</big>
+|<big> {{IPAlink|x}}</big><ref>Allophone in some dialects.</ref>
-|<big> ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ </big>||[[File:Lanna-2.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-3.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-5.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-6.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | [[Scottish English|Scottish]] lo'''ch'''
+|<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>||[[File:Lanna-2.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-3.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-5.png|20px]],[[File:Lanna-6.png|20px]]|| style="text-align:left;" | [[Scottish English|Scottish]] lo'''ch'''
 |-
 |<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
@@ Line 82: / Line 84: @@
 |-
 |<big> {{IPA|àː}}</big>
-| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | low {{IPA|[aː˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[aː˩]}}
+| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | low falling {{IPA|[aː˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[aː˩]}}
 |-
 |<big> {{IPA|âː}}</big>
-| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | falling {{IPA|[aː˥˩]}}
+| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | high falling {{IPA|[aː˥˩]}}
 |-
-|<big> {{IPA|a̋ː}}</big>
+|<big> {{IPA|a᷇ː}}</big>
-| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | high falling {{IPA|[aː˥˧]}}
+| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | high-mid falling {{IPA|[aː˥˧]}}
 |-
 |<big> {{IPA|áː}}</big>
-| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | high {{IPA|[aː˦˥]}}
+| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | high rising {{IPA|[aː˦˥]}} or{{IPA|[aː˥]}}
 |-
 |<big> {{IPA|ǎː}}</big>
-| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | rising {{IPA|[aː˨˦]}}
+| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | low rising {{IPA|[aː˨˥]}}
 |}
 | style="vertical-align:top;" |

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Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
Introductory guides	Symbols For English speakers Manual of Style: Pronunciation

Revision as of 03:20, 14 April 2024

Notes

See also