Community development block: Difference between revisions
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==Nomenclature== |
==Nomenclature== |
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The nomenclature varies from state to state, such as common terms like "block" and others including ''community development block'', ''panchayat union block'', panchayat block, ''panchayat samiti block'', ''development block'', etc. All denote a CD Block, which is a subdivision of a [[District#India|district]], exclusively for rural development.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block development offices; Kerala, Commissionerate of Rural Development. |url=http://rdd.kerala.gov.in/index.php/2016-07-19-10-37-23/block-panchayaths}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |first=Rural Development Department, [[Government of Tami Nadu]] |title=List of Blocks/Block development offices, Rural Development Department, Government of Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.tnrd.tn.gov.in/Establishment/linkfiles/go_rd_653_87_pg141.pdf |journal=}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Development Blocks {{!}} District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://barabanki.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/development-blocks/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
The nomenclature varies from state to state, such as common terms like "block" and others including ''community development block'', ''panchayat union block'', panchayat block, ''panchayat samiti block'', ''development block'', etc. All denote a CD Block, which is a subdivision of a [[District#India|district]], exclusively for rural development.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Block development offices; Kerala, Commissionerate of Rural Development. |url=http://rdd.kerala.gov.in/index.php/2016-07-19-10-37-23/block-panchayaths}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |first=Rural Development Department, [[Government of Tami Nadu]] |title=List of Blocks/Block development offices, Rural Development Department, Government of Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.tnrd.tn.gov.in/Establishment/linkfiles/go_rd_653_87_pg141.pdf |journal=}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Development Blocks {{!}} District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://barabanki.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/development-blocks/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The concept of the community development block was first suggested by Grow More Food (GMF) Enquiry Committee in 1952 to address the challenge of multiple rural development agencies working without a sense of common objectives.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/12653|title=Report of The Grow More Food Enquiry Committee|publisher=Government of India Ministry of Food and Agriculture|year=1952}}</ref> Based on the committee's recommendations, the community development programme was launched on a pilot basis in 1952 to provide for a substantial increase in the country's [[agricultural science|agricultural programme]], and for improvements in systems of communication, in rural health and hygiene, and in [[rural development|rural]] education and also to initiate and direct a process of integrated culture change aimed at transforming the social and economic life of villagers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/welcome.html|title=First Five Year Plan|website=Planning Commission|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916200937/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/welcome.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The community development programme was rapidly implemented. In 1956, by the end of the [[Five-Year plans of India#First Five-Year Plan, 1951–1956|first five-year plan period]], there were 248 blocks, covering around a fifth of the population in the country. By the end the [[Five-Year plans of India#Second Five-Year Plan, 1956–1961|second five-year plan period]], there were 3,000 blocks covering 70 per cent of the rural population. By 1964, the entire country was covered.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/11/2/95 |archive-url =https://archive.today/20120712051252/http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/11/2/95 |url-status =dead |archive-date =2012-07-12 |title = The Failure of the Community Development Programme in India |access-date = 2010-04-06 }}</ref> |
The concept of the community development block was first suggested by Grow More Food (GMF) Enquiry Committee in 1952 to address the challenge of multiple rural development agencies working without a sense of common objectives.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/12653|title=Report of The Grow More Food Enquiry Committee|publisher=Government of India Ministry of Food and Agriculture|year=1952}}</ref> Based on the committee's recommendations, the community development programme was launched on a pilot basis in 1952 to provide for a substantial increase in the country's [[agricultural science|agricultural programme]], and for improvements in systems of communication, in rural health and hygiene, and in [[rural development|rural]] education and also to initiate and direct a process of integrated culture change aimed at transforming the social and economic life of villagers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/welcome.html|title=First Five Year Plan|website=Planning Commission|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916200937/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/welcome.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The community development programme was rapidly implemented. In 1956, by the end of the [[Five-Year plans of India#First Five-Year Plan, 1951–1956|first five-year plan period]], there were 248 blocks, covering around a fifth of the population in the country. By the end the [[Five-Year plans of India#Second Five-Year Plan, 1956–1961|second five-year plan period]], there were 3,000 blocks covering 70 per cent of the rural population. By 1964, the entire country was covered.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/11/2/95 |archive-url =https://archive.today/20120712051252/http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/11/2/95 |url-status =dead |archive-date =2012-07-12 |title = The Failure of the Community Development Programme in India |access-date = 2010-04-06 }}</ref> |
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==Block Development Officer== |
==Block Development Officer== |
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The Block Development Officer (BDO) is the head of the block. BDOs are part of the respective state/union territory rural development/panchayats department and report to the respective district-level officer of the rural development department. In some states, they report directly to the [[district collector]], [[sub-divisional magistrate]], or district development commissioner. The Block Development Officer is the ex-officio secretary of a [[Block Panchayat]]/[[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat Samiti]] in some states, such as [[Kerala]].<ref name=":4" /> |
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In India, a Civil service officer of the rank of '''Block Development Officer''' (BDO) is the in-charge of a CD Block in India. BDO are usually officers of representative state-governments. BDO reports to the [[Sub Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM). |
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The main functions of a Block Development Officer (BDO) include implementing rural development programs and schemes at the block level and supervising and monitoring the progress of development activities within the block.<ref name=":3" /> |
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==Blocks statewise== |
==Blocks statewise== |
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Revision as of 00:54, 5 April 2024
In India, a Community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of Tehsil, administratively earmarked for planning and development.[1] In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks).[2] The area is administered by a Block Development Officer (BDO), supported by several technical specialists and village-level workers.[3] A community development block covers several gram panchayats, the local administrative units at the village level. A block is a rural subdivision and typically smaller than a tehsil. A tehsil is purely for revenue administration, whereas a block is for rural development purposes. In most states, a block is coterminous with the panchayat samiti area.[4][5][6]
Nomenclature
The nomenclature varies from state to state, such as common terms like "block" and others including community development block, panchayat union block, panchayat block, panchayat samiti block, development block, etc. All denote a CD Block, which is a subdivision of a district, exclusively for rural development.[7][6][4]
History
The concept of the community development block was first suggested by Grow More Food (GMF) Enquiry Committee in 1952 to address the challenge of multiple rural development agencies working without a sense of common objectives.[8] Based on the committee's recommendations, the community development programme was launched on a pilot basis in 1952 to provide for a substantial increase in the country's agricultural programme, and for improvements in systems of communication, in rural health and hygiene, and in rural education and also to initiate and direct a process of integrated culture change aimed at transforming the social and economic life of villagers.[9] The community development programme was rapidly implemented. In 1956, by the end of the first five-year plan period, there were 248 blocks, covering around a fifth of the population in the country. By the end the second five-year plan period, there were 3,000 blocks covering 70 per cent of the rural population. By 1964, the entire country was covered.[10]
Block Development Officer
The Block Development Officer (BDO) is the head of the block. BDOs are part of the respective state/union territory rural development/panchayats department and report to the respective district-level officer of the rural development department. In some states, they report directly to the district collector, sub-divisional magistrate, or district development commissioner. The Block Development Officer is the ex-officio secretary of a Block Panchayat/Panchayat Samiti in some states, such as Kerala.[7]
The main functions of a Block Development Officer (BDO) include implementing rural development programs and schemes at the block level and supervising and monitoring the progress of development activities within the block.[6]
Blocks statewise
| State | CD Block | Number of CD Blocks |
|---|---|---|
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | CD Block | 9[11] |
| Andhra Pradesh | Mandal | 685 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Block or Circle | 112[12] |
| Assam | Block | 219[5] |
| Bihar | Block | 342 |
| Chandigarh | Block | 3 |
| Chhattisgarh | CD Block | 342 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | CD Block | 342 |
| Delhi | CD Block | 342 |
| Goa | CD Block | 342 |
| Gujarat | CD Block | 342 |
| Haryana | Block | 142 |
| Himachal Pradesh | CD Block | 342 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | CD Block | 342 |
| Jharkhand | Block | 263 |
| Karnataka | CD Block | 342 |
| Kerala | Block | 152 |
| Ladakh | CD Block | 342 |
| Lakshadweep | CD Block | 342 |
| Madhya Pradesh | CD Block | 342 |
| Maharashtra | CD Block | 342 |
| Manipur | CD Block | 342 |
| Meghalaya | CD Block | 342 |
| Mizoram | CD Block | 342 |
| Nagaland | CD Block | 342 |
| Odisha | CD Block | 314 |
| Puducherry | CD Block | 342 |
| Punjab | CD Block | 342 |
| Rajasthan | CD Block | 342 |
| Sikkim | CD Block | 342 |
| Tamilnadu | Taluk | 220 |
| Telangana | Mandal | 342 |
| Tripura | CD Block | 58 |
| Uttar Pradesh | CD Block | 822[13] |
| Uttarakhand | CD Block | 95 |
| West Bengal | CD Block | 342[14][15] |
See also
References
- ^ Maheshwari, Shriram. "Rural Development and Bureaucracy in India". The Indian Journal of Public Administration. XXX (3): 1093–1100.
- ^ Vidyarthi, Lalita Prasad (1981). Tribal Development and Its Administration. Concept Publishing Company.
- ^ Sharma, Shailendra D. (1999). Development and Democracy in India. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. ISBN 9781555878108.
- ^ a b "Development Blocks | District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ a b CD Blocks of Assam. "Administrative setup".
- ^ a b c "List of Blocks/Block development offices, Rural Development Department, Government of Tamil Nadu" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Block development offices; Kerala, Commissionerate of Rural Development".
- ^ Report of The Grow More Food Enquiry Committee. Government of India Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 1952.
- ^ "First Five Year Plan". Planning Commission. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ "The Failure of the Community Development Programme in India". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ About of the block. "Tehsil details".
- ^ Administrative setup. "Administrative setup" (PDF).
- ^ "Social Demography of Uttar Pradesh". Government of Uttar Pradesh official portal. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
- ^ "Census 2011, West Bengal" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "Rural development in West Bengal". Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal homepage. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
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