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|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder= [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works|Delaware River Co]], [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester, PA]]
|Ship builder= [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works|Delaware River Co]], [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester, PA]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship original cost= more than $400,000
|Ship yard number= 259
|Ship yard number= 259
|Ship laid down=
|Ship laid down=
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==Building==
==Building==
In 1890 the [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]] of [[Chester, Pennsylvania]] built a pair of [[sister ship]]s for the United States and Brazil Steam Ship Company. They were named ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'' and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'', meaning "Security" and "Vigilance".{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=SED–SEN}}{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}}
In 1890 the [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]] of [[Chester, Pennsylvania]] built a pair of [[sister ship]]s for the United States and Brazil Steam Ship Company. They were named ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'' and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'', meaning "Security" and "Vigilance".{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=SED–SEN}}{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}} ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' was said to have cost more than $400,000.<ref name=NYT-1903-0404>{{cite news |title=Three Brazil liners sold. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 April 1893 |page=8 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/04/04/106818454.html?pageNumber=8}}</ref>


''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' was built as yard number 259<ref name=Wrecksite>{{cite web |url= https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?31556 |last1=Vleggeert |first1=Nico |last2=Lettens |first2=Jan |last3=Allen |first3=Tony |date=22 February 2021 |title=SS Vigilancia (+1917) |work=Wrecksite |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> and launched on 17 September 1890.<ref name=NYT-1890--918>{{cite news |title=An iron steeamship launched |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 September 1890 |page=1 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/09/18/103265707.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref> Her registered length was {{cvt|321.3|ft|abbr=on}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{cvt|45.3|ft|abbr=on}}, and her depth was {{cvt|27.3|ft|abbr=on}}. Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|4115}} and {{NRT|2934}}.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}} As built, she had berths for 160 passengers: 118 in first class, and 42 in steerage.<ref name=NYT-1890--918/>
''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' was built as yard number 259<ref name=Wrecksite>{{cite web |url= https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?31556 |last1=Vleggeert |first1=Nico |last2=Lettens |first2=Jan |last3=Allen |first3=Tony |date=22 February 2021 |title=SS Vigilancia (+1917) |work=Wrecksite |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> and launched on 17 September 1890.<ref name=NYT-1890--918>{{cite news |title=An iron steeamship launched |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 September 1890 |page=1 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/09/18/103265707.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref> Her registered length was {{cvt|321.3|ft|abbr=on}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{cvt|45.3|ft|abbr=on}}, and her depth was {{cvt|27.3|ft|abbr=on}}. Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|4115}} and {{NRT|2934}}.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}} As built, she had berths for 160 passengers: 118 in first class, and 42 in steerage.<ref name=NYT-1890--918/>
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==United States & Brazil Steam Ship Co==
==United States & Brazil Steam Ship Co==
The United States and Brazil Steam Ship Company [[Ship registration|registered]] ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' in [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]]. Her US [[official number]] was 161643 and her [[code letters]] were KHSN.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}} By December 1891 her route was between New York and [[Río de la Plata]] via [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St Thomas]] in the [[Danish West Indies]]; [[Barbados]]; and ports in Brazil.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1891-12-01/ed-1/seq-7/ |title=Postoffice Notice |newspaper=[[New-York Tribune]] |date=1 December 1891 |page=7 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> By 1892 the US and Brazil SS Co was offering fortnightly sailings between New York and Brazil,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-02-20/ed-1/seq-10/ |title=Barbados passage rates reduced |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=20 February 1892 |page=10 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''{{'}}s ports of call included [[Port of Santos|Santos]];<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-03-23/ed-1/seq-12/ |title=The movements of steamers |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=23 March 1892 |page=12 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> [[Port of Montevideo|Montevideo]]; [[Port of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]], and [[Port of Rosario|Rosario]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-12-07/ed-1/seq-14/ |title=American passenger line |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=7 December 1892 |page=14 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> By 1893 she also served [[Martinique]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1893-02-10/ed-1/seq-10/ |title=American passenger lines |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=10 February 1893 |page=10 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>
The US and Brazil SS Co [[Ship registration|registered]] ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' in [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]]. Her US [[official number]] was 161643 and her [[code letters]] were KHSN.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register of Shipping'' 1891|loc=VID–VIK}} By December 1891 her route was between New York and [[Río de la Plata]] via [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|St Thomas]] in the [[Danish West Indies]]; [[Barbados]]; and ports in Brazil.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1891-12-01/ed-1/seq-7/ |title=Postoffice Notice |newspaper=[[New-York Tribune]] |date=1 December 1891 |page=7 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> By 1892 the US and Brazil SS Co was offering fortnightly sailings between New York and Brazil,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-02-20/ed-1/seq-10/ |title=Barbados passage rates reduced |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=20 February 1892 |page=10 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''{{'}}s ports of call included [[Port of Santos|Santos]];<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-03-23/ed-1/seq-12/ |title=The movements of steamers |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=23 March 1892 |page=12 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> [[Port of Montevideo|Montevideo]]; [[Port of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]], and [[Port of Rosario|Rosario]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1892-12-07/ed-1/seq-14/ |title=American passenger line |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=7 December 1892 |page=14 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> By 1893 she also served [[Martinique]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1893-02-10/ed-1/seq-10/ |title=American passenger lines |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=10 February 1893 |page=10 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>


In December 1892 ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' passed a trial for a contract to carry mail between the US and Brazil. The contract required her to maintain {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}. She achieved {{convert|13.89|kn|km/h|1}} with 1,500 tons of cargo in her holds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vigilancia's speed test |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 December 1892 |page=8 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/12/10/104155812.html?pageNumber=8}}</ref>
In December 1892 ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'' passed a trial for a contract to carry mail between the US and Brazil. The contract required her to maintain {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}. She achieved {{convert|13.89|kn|km/h|1}} with 1,500 tons of cargo in her holds.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vigilancia's speed test |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 December 1892 |page=8 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/12/10/104155812.html?pageNumber=8}}</ref>


==Seizure and sale==
==Seizure and sale==
In April 1893 the US and Brazil SS Co went bankrupt, and its five ships were seized in lieu of debts to suppliers and unpaid wages to crew.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Seguranca seized |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 April 1893 |page=5 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/04/03/106818234.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref> EH Ludlow and Company bought four of them at auction, including ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'' and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''. Ludlow paid $81,000 for ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three Brazil liners sold. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 April 1893 |page=8 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/04/04/106818454.html?pageNumber=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1893-04-21/ed-1/seq-12/ |title=Last of the line's vessels sold |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=21 April 1893 |page=12 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>
In April 1893 the US and Brazil SS Co went bankrupt, and its five ships were seized in lieu of debts to suppliers and unpaid wages to crew.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Seguranca seized |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 April 1893 |page=5 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/04/03/106818234.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref> EH Ludlow and Company bought four of them at auction, including ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'' and ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''. Ludlow paid $81,000 for ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}''.<ref name=NYT-1903-0404/><ref>{{cite news |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1893-04-21/ed-1/seq-12/ |title=Last of the line's vessels sold |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=21 April 1893 |page=12 |via=Library of Congress |access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>


On 1 November 1893 it was reported that the Brazilian Government had bought ten US merchant ships to convert into [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|auxiliary cruisers]] to fight against the [[Revolta da Armada]]. They included ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'', ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'', and three other former US and Brazil SS Co steamships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Six more ships for Brazil |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 November 1893 |page=1 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/11/01/109267970.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref>
On 1 November 1893 it was reported that the Brazilian Government had bought ten US merchant ships to convert into [[Armed merchantman#Auxiliary cruisers|auxiliary cruisers]] to fight against the [[Revolta da Armada]]. They included ''{{lang|es|Seguranca}}'', ''{{lang|es|Vigilancia}}'', and three other former US and Brazil SS Co steamships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Six more ships for Brazil |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 November 1893 |page=1 |access-date=25 March 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/11/01/109267970.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:22, 25 March 2024

Vigilancia in New York & Cuba Mail SS Co colors
History
United States
NameVigilancia
NamesakeSpanish for "vigilance"
Owner
Port of registry
Route
BuilderDelaware River Co, Chester, PA
Costmore than $400,000
Yard number259
Launched17 September 1890
Completed1890
Identification
General characteristics
Typepassenger ship
Tonnage4,115 GRT, 2,934 NRT
Length321.3 ft (97.9 m)
Beam45.3 ft (13.8 m)
Depth27.3 ft (8.3 m)
Decks3
Installed power339 NHP
Propulsion
Sail planbarquentine
Capacity
  • passengers: 118 × 1st class; 42 × steerage
  • cargo: by 1914 included 2,500 cubic feet (71 m3) refrigerated
Crew43
Notessister ship: Seguranca

SS Vigilancia was a US merchant steamship that was built in Pennsylvania in 1890. The New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company owned her from 1894 until 1914. In March 1917 a U-boat sank her in the North Atlantic, killing 15 of her crew, including six US citizens. This is one of several German attacks on US merchant ships that helped to provoke the US to declare war on Germany.

Building

In 1890 the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of Chester, Pennsylvania built a pair of sister ships for the United States and Brazil Steam Ship Company. They were named Seguranca and Vigilancia, meaning "Security" and "Vigilance".[1][2] Vigilancia was said to have cost more than $400,000.[3]

Vigilancia was built as yard number 259[4] and launched on 17 September 1890.[5] Her registered length was 321.3 ft (97.9 m), her beam was 45.3 ft (13.8 m), and her depth was 27.3 ft (8.3 m). Her tonnages were 4,115 GRT and 2,934 NRT.[2] As built, she had berths for 160 passengers: 118 in first class, and 42 in steerage.[5]

She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion engine that was rated at 339 NHP. She had two masts, and was rigged as a barquentine.[6]

United States & Brazil Steam Ship Co

The US and Brazil SS Co registered Vigilancia in New York. Her US official number was 161643 and her code letters were KHSN.[2] By December 1891 her route was between New York and Río de la Plata via St Thomas in the Danish West Indies; Barbados; and ports in Brazil.[7] By 1892 the US and Brazil SS Co was offering fortnightly sailings between New York and Brazil,[8] and Vigilancia's ports of call included Santos;[9] Montevideo; Buenos Aires, and Rosario.[10] By 1893 she also served Martinique.[11]

In December 1892 Vigilancia passed a trial for a contract to carry mail between the US and Brazil. The contract required her to maintain 12 knots (22 km/h). She achieved 13.89 knots (25.7 km/h) with 1,500 tons of cargo in her holds.[12]

Seizure and sale

In April 1893 the US and Brazil SS Co went bankrupt, and its five ships were seized in lieu of debts to suppliers and unpaid wages to crew.[13] EH Ludlow and Company bought four of them at auction, including Seguranca and Vigilancia. Ludlow paid $81,000 for Vigilancia.[3][14]

On 1 November 1893 it was reported that the Brazilian Government had bought ten US merchant ships to convert into auxiliary cruisers to fight against the Revolta da Armada. They included Seguranca, Vigilancia, and three other former US and Brazil SS Co steamships.[15]

New York and Cuba Mail Steam Ship Co

Vigilancia under way

In 1894 the New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company bought both Seguranca and Vigilancia.[6][16] In the Spanish–American War in 1898, Vigilancia served as Transport No. 23.[4] By July 1911, Seguranca and Vigilancia's scheduled route was between New York and Tampico in Mexico, via Nassau, Bahamas.[17]

By 1910 Seguranca and Vigilancia was equipped with wireless telegraphy.[18] On 22 November 1911 the Hamburg America Line ship Prinz Joachim grounded off Samana Cay in the Bahamas. Seguranca rescued her 84 passengers and took them to Nassau. There, all but eight of them transferred to Vigilancia, which took them to Jamaica.[19]

By 1914 Vigilancia's wireless call sign was KWV.[20] In 1914 Walker, Armstrong & Co bought Vigilancia and registered her in Savannah.[21]

Loss

text

Consequences

Text

References

  1. ^ Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1891, SED–SEN.
  2. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1891, VID–VIK.
  3. ^ a b "Three Brazil liners sold". The New York Times. 4 April 1893. p. 8. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  4. ^ a b Vleggeert, Nico; Lettens, Jan; Allen, Tony (22 February 2021). "SS Vigilancia (+1917)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  5. ^ a b "An iron steeamship launched". The New York Times. 18 September 1890. p. 1. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  6. ^ a b Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1896, VIC–VIG.
  7. ^ "Postoffice Notice". New-York Tribune. 1 December 1891. p. 7. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  8. ^ "Barbados passage rates reduced". New-York Tribune. 20 February 1892. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  9. ^ "The movements of steamers". New-York Tribune. 23 March 1892. p. 12. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  10. ^ "American passenger line". New-York Tribune. 7 December 1892. p. 14. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  11. ^ "American passenger lines". New-York Tribune. 10 February 1893. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  12. ^ "Vigilancia's speed test". The New York Times. 10 December 1892. p. 8. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  13. ^ "The Seguranca seized". The New York Times. 3 April 1893. p. 5. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  14. ^ "Last of the line's vessels sold". New-York Tribune. 21 April 1893. p. 12. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Library of Congress.
  15. ^ "Six more ships for Brazil". The New York Times. 1 November 1893. p. 1. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  16. ^ Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1896, SEA–SEI.
  17. ^ Larsson, Björn. "Cuba Mail Line". marine timetalbe images. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  18. ^ Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1910, List of vessels fitted with installation of wireless telegraphy.
  19. ^ "Joachim passengers go on in Vigilancia". The New York Times. 25 November 1911. p. 18. Retrieved 25 March 2024 – via Times Machine.
  20. ^ The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1914, p. 453.
  21. ^ Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1914, VIE–VIK.

Bibliography


[[Category:1890 ships [[Category:Maritime incidents in 1917 [[Category:Passenger ships of the United States [[Category:Ships built by the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works [[Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I [[Category:Steamships of the United States [[Category:World War I merchant ships of the United States [[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean

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