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The Neon Museum was founded in 1996 as a partnership between the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the City of Las Vegas. Today, it is an independent 501(c)3 non-profit. Located on Las Vegas Boulevard North, the Neon Museum includes the Neon Boneyard and the North Gallery.
The Neon Museum was founded in 1996 as a partnership between the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the City of Las Vegas. Today, it is an independent 501(c)3 non-profit. Located on Las Vegas Boulevard North, the Neon Museum includes the Neon Boneyard and the North Gallery.


The impetus behind the collecting of signs was the loss of the iconic sign from [[Sands Hotel and Casino|The Sands]]; after it was replaced with a new sign in the 1980s. There was no place to store the massive sign, and it was scrapped.<ref name=Artsy-16>{{cite news |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-take-a-tour-through-las-vegas-s-museum-of-forgotten-neon-signs |title=A Treasure Trove of Historic Neon Signs Is Nestled on Las Vegas Boulevard |author=Gotthardt, Alexxa |date=14 December 2016 |work=Artsy |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> After nearly 10 years of collecting signs, the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the city of Las Vegas worked together to create an institution to house and care for the saved signs. To mark its official opening in November 1996, the Neon Museum restored and installed the ''[[Hacienda (resort)|Hacienda]] Horse & Rider'' sign at the intersection of [[Las Vegas Boulevard]] and [[Fremont Street]].<ref name=LVRJ-151102 /> However, access to the collection was provided by appointment only.<ref name="Sun-100206">{{cite news |author=Finnegan, Amanda |date=6 February 2010 |title=City to begin construction on Neon Boneyard Park |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2010/feb/06/city-begin-construction-neon-boneyard-park/ |access-date=29 June 2018 |newspaper=Las Vegas Sun}}</ref> Annual attendance was approximately 12–20,000 during this time.<ref name=NYT-130201 /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/neon-museum-preserving-las-vegas-history-by-giving-old-signs-new-life/ |title=Neon Museum preserving Las Vegas history by giving old signs new life |author=Cling, Carol |date=25 October 2012 |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>
The impetus behind the collecting of signs was the loss of the iconic sign from [[Sands Hotel and Casino|The Sands]]; after it was replaced with a new sign in the 1980s. There was no place to store the massive sign, and it was scrapped.<ref name=Artsy-16>{{cite news |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-take-a-tour-through-las-vegas-s-museum-of-forgotten-neon-signs |title=A Treasure Trove of Historic Neon Signs Is Nestled on Las Vegas Boulevard |author=Gotthardt, Alexxa |date=14 December 2016 |work=Artsy |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> After nearly 10 years of collecting signs, the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the city of Las Vegas worked together to create an institution to house and care for the saved signs. To mark its official opening in November 1996, the Neon Museum restored and installed the ''[[Hacienda (resort)|Hacienda]] Horse & Rider'' sign at the intersection of [[Las Vegas Boulevard]] and [[Fremont Street]].<ref name=LVRJ-151102 /> However, access to the collection was provided by appointment only.<ref name=Sun-100206 /> Annual attendance was approximately 12–20,000 during this time.<ref name=NYT-130201 /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/entertainment/arts-culture/neon-museum-preserving-las-vegas-history-by-giving-old-signs-new-life/ |title=Neon Museum preserving Las Vegas history by giving old signs new life |author=Cling, Carol |date=25 October 2012 |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref>


In 2005, the historic [[La Concha Motel|La Concha]] lobby was donated to the museum by owners of the La Concha Motel, the Doumani family. Although it cost nearly $3&nbsp;million to move and restore the La Concha, the plans to open a museum became concrete after the donation of the building, drawing a number of public and private grants and donations.<ref name=NYT-121027 /> In total, approximately $6.5&nbsp;million was raised for the visitors' center, headquarters, a new park, and restoration of 15 major signs.<ref name=NYT-130201>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/arts/design/the-neon-museum-in-las-vegas.html?mtrref=www.google.com |title=Where Las Vegas Stardust Rests in Peace |author=Rothstein, Edward |date=1 February 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> The museum moved and reassembled the building {{convert|3.5|mi}} north along Las Vegas Boulevard after cutting it into eight pieces.<ref name=NYT-121027 />
In 2005, the historic [[La Concha Motel|La Concha]] lobby was donated to the museum by owners of the La Concha Motel, the Doumani family. Although it cost nearly $3&nbsp;million to move and restore the La Concha, the plans to open a museum became concrete after the donation of the building, drawing a number of public and private grants and donations.<ref name=NYT-121027 /> In total, approximately $6.5&nbsp;million was raised for the visitors' center, headquarters, a new park, and restoration of 15 major signs.<ref name=NYT-130201>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/arts/design/the-neon-museum-in-las-vegas.html?mtrref=www.google.com |title=Where Las Vegas Stardust Rests in Peace |author=Rothstein, Edward |date=1 February 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> The museum moved and reassembled the building {{convert|3.5|mi}} north along Las Vegas Boulevard after cutting it into eight pieces.<ref name=NYT-121027 />
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==Exhibits==
==Exhibits==
The Neon Museum is located on Las Vegas Boulevard, south of the Cashman Center and within the Las Vegas Cultural Corridor. The museum has exhibits in three main areas: restored and installed neon signs along the median of Las Vegas Blvd (between Fremont St. and Washington Ave.), the Neon Boneyard, and the museum's North Gallery.
The Neon Museum is a non-profit 501 (c) 3 organization dedicated to collecting, preserving, studying and exhibiting iconic Las Vegas signs for educational, historic, arts and cultural enrichment. The Neon Museum campus includes the outdoor exhibition space known as the Neon Boneyard, a visitors’ center housed inside the former La Concha Motel lobby and the Neon Boneyard North Gallery which plays host to [https://www.neonmuseum.org/events/brilliant Brilliant! Jackpot] and houses additional rescued signs that is available for weddings, special events, photo shoots and educational programs.


===Restored signs===
=== La Concha Visitors' Center ===
{{multiple image
The Neon Museum Visitors’ Center is located inside the historic La Concha Motel lobby.  This distinctive shell-shaped building was designed by acclaimed architect Paul Revere Williams. The curvilinear La Concha Motel lobby is a striking example of Mid-Century modern design characterized by Atomic- and Space Age shapes and motifs. Originally constructed in 1961 on Las Vegas Boulevard South (next to the Riviera Hotel), the La Concha lobby was saved from demolition in 2005 and moved in 2006 to its current location to serve as the Museum’s Visitors’ Center. References to many of the lobby’s original interior design elements have been included in the newly refurbished facility, with two of the motel’s original signs – the mosaic lobby sign and a section of the main roadside sign – restored and illuminated as part of the Museum’s rehabilitation efforts.
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 300
| image1 = The Flame Restaurant sign from the historic Las Vegas Neon Museum, Freemont Street, Las Vegas, Nevada LCCN2010630612.tif
| caption1 = "The Flame" sign displayed in the plaza next to [[Neonopolis]]
| image2 = Hacienda Horse and Rider, historic neon sign, Las Vegas, Nevada LCCN2011631083.tif
| caption2 = Horse and rider from the [[Hacienda (resort)|Hacienda]] Resort
| footer_align = center
| footer = Restored signs in Downtown Las Vegas}}
The Neon Museum maintains several restored signs throughout [[Downtown Las Vegas]] and along the [[Las Vegas Strip]].<ref name="StripTour">{{cite web|url=http://www.neonmuseum.org/images/tourMap.pdf|title=Restored Las Vegas Neon Signs Tour|date=2013|publisher=The Neon Museum|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> The cost of restoring signs is estimated to range from $10,000 for small pieces to $100,000 for the largest signs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/neon-museum-boneyard-signs-graveyard-las-vegas-ces-2017/ |title=Neon Museum is saving Las Vegas' most beautiful tech |author=Reilly, Claire |work=c{{!}}net |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>


===Boneyard Park===
Paul Revere Williams was one of the most admired and successful architects of the twentieth century. He was also the first documented African-American member and Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
The Neon Boneyard Park was created in 2012, with "NEON" spelled out using letters shaped like those on signs for the [[Golden Nugget Las Vegas|Golden Nugget]] ("N"), [[Caesars Palace]] ("E"), [[Binion's Horseshoe]] ("O"), and [[Desert Inn]] ("N").<ref name="Sun-100206">{{cite news |url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2010/feb/06/city-begin-construction-neon-boneyard-park/ |title=City to begin construction on Neon Boneyard Park |author=Finnegan, Amanda |date=6 February 2010 |newspaper=Las Vegas Sun |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> The letters are set on a grid inspired by the sign for [[Sands Hotel and Casino|The Sands]], and the sign is decorated with stars like those from the [[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]] and a starburst like the [[Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign]] designed by [[Betty Willis (artist)|Betty Willis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.vegas.com/las-vegas-attractions/10-of-our-favorite-signs-at-the-neon-museum-62257/ |title=10 of our favorite signs at the Neon Museum |author=Oñoz-Wright, Ashley |date=18 November 2015 |website=vegas.com [blog] |publisher=Remark Media |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>


===Main Boneyard===
Educated in the early 1900s at the Los Angeles atelier of the Beaux Arts Institute of New York, Williams went on to study architectural engineering at the University of Southern California. In addition to the La Concha Motel, his notable commissions included Roosevelt Naval Base (Long Beach, Calif.), Los Angeles County Court House, Guardian Angel Cathedral (Las Vegas), the Beverly Hills Hotel, Saks Fifth Avenue (Beverly Hills), Howard University (Washington, D.C.) and St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (Memphis, Tenn.). He also served on the committee overseeing the Los Angeles airport design. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Williams |url=https://architectuul.com/architect/paul-williams |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Architectuul}}</ref>
The majority of the Neon Museum's collection is displayed within the Main Boneyard. Pieces in this boneyard include signage from the [[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]], [[Riviera (hotel and casino)|Riviera]], [[Desert Inn]] and [[Caesars Palace]] as well as many others. The Neon Museum also houses fiberglass sculptures including a giant skull from the [[Treasure Island Hotel and Casino]]. This is also where the functioning restored signs within the museum's collection are housed.


===North Gallery===
===Neon Boneyard Main Collection===
In 2018, the Neon Museum began ''Brilliant!'', a 30-minute art installation designed by [[Craig Winslow]] which uses multiple projectors to reanimate defunct signs, set to vintage and contemporary music.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://lasvegasweekly.com/ae/fine-art/2018/feb/08/the-neon-museums-brilliant-makes-classic-signs-shi/ |title=The Neon Museum's 'Brilliant!' makes classic signs shine again |author=Reed, C. Moon |date=8 February 2018 |newspaper=Las Vegas Weekly |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>
The Main Boneyard contains more than 250 unrestored signs which are, at sunset,  illuminated with ground lighting as well as numerous restored signs which are on all the time. The Neon Boneyard is also available for personal and commercial photo/video shoots.  <gallery mode="nolines" heights="180">

{{clear}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Stardust sign .jpeg|[[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]] (2013)
File:Stardust sign .jpeg|[[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]] (2013)
File:Las Vegas (35809515223).jpg|[[Sahara Las Vegas|Sahara]] (2017)
File:Las Vegas (35809515223).jpg|[[Sahara Las Vegas|Sahara]] (2017)
Line 64: Line 79:
File:The Neon Museum (35341914390).jpg|Skull removed from [[Treasure Island Hotel and Casino|Treasure Island]] (2017)
File:The Neon Museum (35341914390).jpg|Skull removed from [[Treasure Island Hotel and Casino|Treasure Island]] (2017)
File:The Neon Museum (35597760581).jpg|[[Liberace Museum Collection|Liberace Museum]], [[Planet Hollywood Las Vegas|Aladdin Casino]] Lamp, and portion of [[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]] (2017)
File:The Neon Museum (35597760581).jpg|[[Liberace Museum Collection|Liberace Museum]], [[Planet Hollywood Las Vegas|Aladdin Casino]] Lamp, and portion of [[Stardust Resort and Casino|Stardust]] (2017)
File:The Neon Museum (35597739991).jpg|[[Silver Slipper]] (2017)
File:Neon Museum, Marquee Googie DSC02220 (28100878597) (cropped).jpg|Neon Boneyard Park marquee (2018)
File:Brilliance at Neon Museum 2019 1 - Sarah Stierch.webm|A video of Brilliant! (2019)
</gallery>
</gallery>

===Brilliant! Jackpot in the North Gallery===
In 2018, The Neon Museum unveiled ''Brilliant! Jackpot''. Created by artist [https://craigwinslow.com/ Craig Winslow], Brilliant! Jackpot is a show that redefines the way we explore the history of Las Vegas. This magical audiovisual immersion experience reanimates 40 of The Neon Museum's iconic vintage signs that are too damaged to be restored, preserving history through modern technologies. Brilliant! Jackpot, the largest augmented reality experience of its kind, takes you through a journey of Las Vegas history with sight and sound!

===Restored Signs===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 300
| image1 = The Flame Restaurant sign from the historic Las Vegas Neon Museum, Freemont Street, Las Vegas, Nevada LCCN2010630612.tif
| caption1 = "The Flame" sign displayed in the plaza next to [[Neonopolis]]
| image2 = Hacienda Horse and Rider, historic neon sign, Las Vegas, Nevada LCCN2011631083.tif
| caption2 = Horse and rider from the [[Hacienda (resort)|Hacienda]] Resort
| footer_align = center
| footer = Restored signs in Downtown Las Vegas
}}

There are currently twenty-four working signs in the Neon Boneyard. Seventeen are fully restored while two others, the Riviera and Fitzgeralds, were received in working condition. Sign restoration is a very involved and costly process and the electrical grid in place can only support a limited number of signs. Therefore, the capacity for sign restoration in the Neon Boneyard exhibition space is limited. The bulk of the sign collection is illuminated by ground-level spotlights. The Neon Museum also maintains, in partnership with the City of Las Vegas, several restored signs throughout [[Downtown Las Vegas]] and along the [[Las Vegas Strip]].<ref name="StripTour">{{cite web |date=2013 |title=Restored Las Vegas Neon Signs Tour |url=http://www.neonmuseum.org/images/tourMap.pdf |access-date=2 July 2018 |publisher=The Neon Museum}}</ref>

{{clear}}

=== Public Art - Las Vegas Blvd. Scenic Byway ===
In 1996, The Neon Museum officially “opened” with the installation of its first refurbished sign, the Hacienda Horse and Rider, at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Fremont Street.  In 2023, The City of Las Vegas completed the restoration, reinstallation and reillumination of the 15 neon signs collectively known as [https://www.neonmuseum.org/the-collection/public-art The Las Vegas Boulevard Scenic Byway Project].

The signs are owned by the city of Las Vegas, The Neon Museum and YESCO Custom Electric Signs, and now create a complete neon streetscape beginning with the gateway arches and showgirl signage all the way up Las Vegas Boulevard to The Neon Museum and Washington Avenue.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 22:24, 18 March 2024

Neon Museum
File:Neon Museum logo.svg
Neon Museum Visitors' Center
Map
Established1996
(Opened to the public October 27, 2012 (2012-10-27))
LocationLas Vegas, Nevada
Coordinates36°10′35.4468″N 115°8′6.9972″W / 36.176513000°N 115.135277000°W / 36.176513000; -115.135277000
TypeArt museum
Visitors85,000 (2015)[1]
Websiteneonmuseum.org

The Neon Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, features signs from old casinos and other businesses displayed outdoors on 2.62 acres (1.06 ha). The museum features a restored lobby shell from the defunct La Concha Motel as its visitors' center, which officially opened on October 27, 2012.[2]

For many years, the Young Electric Sign Company (YESCO) stored many of these old signs in their "boneyard." The signs were slowly being destroyed by exposure to the elements.

The signs are considered by Las Vegas locals, business owners and government organizations to be not only artistically, but also historically, significant to the culture of the city. Each of the restored signs in the collection holds a story about who created it and why it is important.[3]

History

The Neon Museum was founded in 1996 as a partnership between the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the City of Las Vegas. Today, it is an independent 501(c)3 non-profit. Located on Las Vegas Boulevard North, the Neon Museum includes the Neon Boneyard and the North Gallery.

The impetus behind the collecting of signs was the loss of the iconic sign from The Sands; after it was replaced with a new sign in the 1980s. There was no place to store the massive sign, and it was scrapped.[4] After nearly 10 years of collecting signs, the Allied Arts Council of Southern Nevada and the city of Las Vegas worked together to create an institution to house and care for the saved signs. To mark its official opening in November 1996, the Neon Museum restored and installed the Hacienda Horse & Rider sign at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Fremont Street.[1] However, access to the collection was provided by appointment only.[5] Annual attendance was approximately 12–20,000 during this time.[6][7]

In 2005, the historic La Concha lobby was donated to the museum by owners of the La Concha Motel, the Doumani family. Although it cost nearly $3 million to move and restore the La Concha, the plans to open a museum became concrete after the donation of the building, drawing a number of public and private grants and donations.[8] In total, approximately $6.5 million was raised for the visitors' center, headquarters, a new park, and restoration of 15 major signs.[6] The museum moved and reassembled the building 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north along Las Vegas Boulevard after cutting it into eight pieces.[8]

In November 2009, the Neon Museum restored and installed the famous Silver Slipper sign across from its welcome center, and two more restored vintage signs were installed near the northern end of Las Vegas Boulevard to mark its designation as a National Scenic Byway.[9]

Paid public admission commenced on October 27, 2012, replacing the prior appointment-only basis.[8] Attendance during the first year was 60,461, exceeding the early estimate of 45–50,000 visitors.[10]

After outgrowing its space in the former La Concha lobby shell, the museum moved its headquarters to old City Hall in 2016 and converted the offices into a museum store.[11] In 2017, the museum purchased land for its first expansion since opening to the public in 2012.[12] For its fifth anniversary, the Neon Museum offered free admission on October 28, 2017.[13] In 2018, the Neon Museum administrative staff moved again to a space on the campus of the Las Vegas-Review Journal and opened a programming space there called Ne10 Studio.

Exhibits

The Neon Museum is located on Las Vegas Boulevard, south of the Cashman Center and within the Las Vegas Cultural Corridor. The museum has exhibits in three main areas: restored and installed neon signs along the median of Las Vegas Blvd (between Fremont St. and Washington Ave.), the Neon Boneyard, and the museum's North Gallery.

Restored signs

"The Flame" sign displayed in the plaza next to Neonopolis
Horse and rider from the Hacienda Resort
Restored signs in Downtown Las Vegas

The Neon Museum maintains several restored signs throughout Downtown Las Vegas and along the Las Vegas Strip.[14] The cost of restoring signs is estimated to range from $10,000 for small pieces to $100,000 for the largest signs.[15]

Boneyard Park

The Neon Boneyard Park was created in 2012, with "NEON" spelled out using letters shaped like those on signs for the Golden Nugget ("N"), Caesars Palace ("E"), Binion's Horseshoe ("O"), and Desert Inn ("N").[5] The letters are set on a grid inspired by the sign for The Sands, and the sign is decorated with stars like those from the Stardust and a starburst like the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign designed by Betty Willis.[16]

Main Boneyard

The majority of the Neon Museum's collection is displayed within the Main Boneyard. Pieces in this boneyard include signage from the Stardust, Riviera, Desert Inn and Caesars Palace as well as many others. The Neon Museum also houses fiberglass sculptures including a giant skull from the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino. This is also where the functioning restored signs within the museum's collection are housed.

In 2018, the Neon Museum began Brilliant!, a 30-minute art installation designed by Craig Winslow which uses multiple projectors to reanimate defunct signs, set to vintage and contemporary music.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Lilly, Caitlin (2 November 2015). "7 things you didn't know about the Neon Museum — PHOTOS". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  2. ^ O'Reilley, Tim (August 31, 2012). "Lights this way: Neon Museum opening set". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  3. ^ "The Neon Museum Las Vegas | The history of Las Vegas through neon - About".
  4. ^ Gotthardt, Alexxa (14 December 2016). "A Treasure Trove of Historic Neon Signs Is Nestled on Las Vegas Boulevard". Artsy. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  5. ^ a b Finnegan, Amanda (6 February 2010). "City to begin construction on Neon Boneyard Park". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  6. ^ a b Rothstein, Edward (1 February 2013). "Where Las Vegas Stardust Rests in Peace". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  7. ^ Cling, Carol (25 October 2012). "Neon Museum preserving Las Vegas history by giving old signs new life". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  8. ^ a b c Pratt, Timothy (27 October 2012). "New Museum Shows Off Las Vegas's Neon Side". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  9. ^ Toplikar, Dave (9 November 2009). "Refurbished signs a step forward in preserving Las Vegas' past". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  10. ^ Morrison, Jane Ann (6 March 2014). "Neon Museum meets visitor projection in its first year — more than 60,000". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  11. ^ Wargo, Buck (7 October 2016). "Neon Museum unveils first stage of expansion plans". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  12. ^ Lilly, Caitlin (16 February 2017). "Neon Museum receives $425K grant for major expansion". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  13. ^ Jones, Jay (25 October 2017). "Las Vegas' Neon Museum marks five years and wants you to visit — for free". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  14. ^ "Restored Las Vegas Neon Signs Tour" (PDF). The Neon Museum. 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  15. ^ Reilly, Claire. "Neon Museum is saving Las Vegas' most beautiful tech". c|net. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  16. ^ Oñoz-Wright, Ashley (18 November 2015). "10 of our favorite signs at the Neon Museum". vegas.com [blog]. Remark Media. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  17. ^ Reed, C. Moon (8 February 2018). "The Neon Museum's 'Brilliant!' makes classic signs shine again". Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved 29 June 2018.