2016 in spaceflight: Difference between revisions
→August: 3Cat 2 cubesat decayed |
|||
Line 1,132: | Line 1,132: | ||
|orbit = Low Earth ([[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]) |
|orbit = Low Earth ([[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]) |
||
|function = [[Technology demonstration]] |
|function = [[Technology demonstration]] |
||
|outcome = |
|outcome = Successful |
||
|d-date = 18 December 2023<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=41732 |title=3CAT-2 |date=18 Decmeber 2023 |access-date=15 January 2024 |work=N2YO.com}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
}} |
}} |
Revision as of 11:41, 15 January 2024
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 15 January |
Last | 28 December |
Total | 85 |
Successes | 82 |
Failures | 2 |
Partial failures | 1 |
Catalogued | 83 |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | |
Retirements | |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 5 |
Total travellers | 14 |
EVAs | 4 |
Several new rockets and spaceports began operations in 2016.
Overview
Russia inaugurated the far-Eastern Vostochny Cosmodrome on 28 April 2016 with a traditional Soyuz-2.1a flight,[1] before expanding it for the Angara rocket family in the following years. The Chinese Long March 7 flew its maiden flight from the new Wenchang Satellite Launch Center on Hainan Island on 25 June, and the maiden flight of the Long March 5 took place on 3 November. Two years after its 2014 accident, the Antares rocket returned to flight on 17 October with its upgraded 230 version featuring the Russian RD-181 engine.
After many failed attempts, SpaceX began landing its Falcon 9 first stages on autonomous spaceport drone ships, edging closer to their long-stated goal of developing reusable launch vehicles. The company indicated that the recovered engines and structures did not suffer significant damage.[2] One of the landed boosters, B1021, launched in April 2016, was flown again in March 2017;[3] two others were converted to side boosters for the maiden flight of Falcon Heavy.[4]
The ExoMars mission, a collaboration between the European and Russian space agencies, was launched on 14 March and reached Mars on 19 October.[5] Dedicated to astrobiology investigations, this flight carried the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which reached Mars orbit, and the Schiaparelli EDM lander, which crashed upon landing. A subsequent flight scheduled for 2020 will carry the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover along with four static surface instruments.[6] Meanwhile, the Japanese space probe Akatsuki started its observations of Venus in May[7] after spending five months gradually adjusting its orbit. Planetary exploration activities took center stage with the orbit insertion of NASA's Juno probe at Jupiter on 4 July, followed by the launch of NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid 101955 Bennu on 8 September. Finally, on 30 September, the Rosetta probe executed a slow crash-landing on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.[8][9]
Human spaceflights included the return of Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko in March after a yearlong mission on the ISS, the longest-ever continuous stay by astronauts at the station. Kelly also set the record for the longest-duration stay of an American in orbit. Four ISS Expeditions numbered 47 to 50 were launched in 2016, the first one using the last Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft and the next three inaugurating the modernized Soyuz MS. Expedition 50 will continue into 2017. Several EVAs were performed to maintain the exterior of the ISS. The experimental BEAM inflatable habitat was attached to the ISS on 16 April and expanded on 28 May to begin two years of on-orbit tests. Meanwhile, China launched its new Tiangong-2 space laboratory in September, which was first visited by two astronauts for a month between 19 October and 17 November.
Orbital launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |||
Remarks | ||||||||
January | ||||||||
15 January 16:57:04 |
Long March 3B/E | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||||
Belintersat 1 | Belarus | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
17 January 18:42:18 |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | F9-021 | Vandenberg SLC-4E | SpaceX | ||||
Jason-3 | NOAA / EUMETSAT | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an autonomous spaceport drone ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[10] | ||||||||
20 January 04:01:00 |
PSLV-XL | C31 | Satish Dhawan SLP | ISRO | ||||
IRNSS-1E | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
27 January 23:20:48 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA228 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
Intelsat 29e | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure in 2019[11] | |||
29 January 22:20:09 |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Baikonur Site 200/39 | International Launch Services | |||||
Eutelsat 9B | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System | ||||||||
February | ||||||||
1 February 07:29:04 |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||||
BeiDou M3-S | CNSA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
5 February 13:38:00 |
Atlas V 401 | AV-057 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
USA-266 (GPS IIF-12) | US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
7 February 00:21:07 |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN RF | |||||
Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M 751) | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
7 February 00:30 |
Unha | Sohae | KCST | |||||
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4[12] | KCST | Low Earth | Earth observation | 30 June 2023[13] | Successful | |||
10 February 11:40:32 |
Delta IV M+ (5,2) | Vandenberg SLC-6 | United Launch Alliance | |||||
USA-267 / Topaz-4[14] | NRO | Retrograde LEO | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
NROL-45 mission. Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit. | ||||||||
16 February 17:57:40 |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Plesetsk Site 133/3 | / Eurockot | |||||
Sentinel-3A | ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
17 February 08:45:00 |
H-IIA 202 | F30 | Tanegashima LA-Y1 | MHI | ||||
Hitomi (ASTRO-H) | JAXA / NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
ChubuSat-2 | Nagoya University | Low Earth | Radiation / Amateur radio | In orbit | Operational | |||
ChubuSat-3 | MHI | Low Earth | Remote sensing / Space debris monitor | In orbit | Operational | |||
Horyu-4 | Kyushu Institute of Technology | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
Hitomi malfunctioned after initial checkouts, and is believed to have lost attitude control and snapped off its solar array. 28 April, JAXA has abandoned efforts to recover the spacecraft.[15][16] | ||||||||
March | ||||||||
4 March 23:35:00 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-022 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
SES-9 | SES S.A. | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
High-velocity landing test ended with a hard landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You and destruction of the first stage. | ||||||||
9 March 05:20:07 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA229 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
Eutelsat 65 West A | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
10 March 10:31:00 |
PSLV-XL | C32 | Satish Dhawan SLP | ISRO | ||||
IRNSS-1F | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
13 March 18:56:00 |
Soyuz-2.1b | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Roscosmos | |||||
Resurs-P No.3 | Roscosmos | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 17 October 2023[17] | Partial spacecraft failure[18] | |||
The launch succeeded on its second attempt after a rare pad abort the day before. | ||||||||
14 March 09:31:42[6] |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Baikonur Site 200/39 | Khrunichev | |||||
/ ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter | ESA | Areocentric orbit | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Operational | |||
Schiaparelli EDM lander | ESA | TMI to Martian Surface | Mars lander | 19 October 2016 | Landing failure | |||
Briz-M upper stage exploded after separation, apparently without damaging the orbiter or lander.[19] | ||||||||
18 March 21:26:38 |
Soyuz-FG | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Roscosmos | |||||
Soyuz TMA-20M | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 47/48 | 7 September 2016 01:13 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant | ||||||||
23 March 03:05:52 |
Atlas V 401 | AV-064 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
Cygnus CRS OA-6 S.S. Rick Husband |
Orbital ATK / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 22 June 2016 13:29 |
Successful | |||
Diwata-1 | DOST / TU | Low Earth | Earth observation | 6 April 2020[21] | Successful | |||
⚀ Flock-2e' × 20 | Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 3 October 2017[22] Last: 10 November 2018[23] |
Successful | |||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 9 | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | First: 27 February 2017[24] Last: 7 April 2017[25] |
8 successful, 1 failed to deploy | |||
Anomaly in the mixture ratio control valve assembly, causing the Atlas V booster engine to cut off five seconds early, resulting in a longer-than-usual Centaur orbital insertion burn.[20] Cubesats deployed from the ISS and the Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | ||||||||
24 March 09:42:00 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN RF | |||||
Kosmos 2515 (Bars-M 2L) | VKS | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
29 March 20:11:04 |
Long March 3A | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||||
BeiDou IGSO-6 | CNSA | IGSO | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
31 March 16:23:57 |
Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Roscosmos | |||||
Progress MS-02 / 63P | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 14 October 2016 13:39 |
Successful | |||
⚀ Tomsk-TPU-120 | Tomsk Polytechnic University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 20 October 2019[27] | Successful | |||
Tomsk-TPU-120 is a CubeSat deployed into orbit from ISS by Russian astronauts spacewalk on 17 August 2017.[26] | ||||||||
April | ||||||||
5 April 17:38:04 |
Long March 2D | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
Shijian 10 | CAS | Low Earth | Microgravity Science | 18 April 2016 08:30 |
Successful | |||
8 April 20:43:31 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-023 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
SpaceX CRS-8 | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 11 May 2016 18:31 |
Successful | |||
BEAM | Bigelow Aerospace / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Technology demonstration / ISS Assembly | In orbit | Operational | |||
First stage landed successfully on drone ship Of Course I Still Love You for the first time, the second successful landing overall | ||||||||
25 April 21:02:13 |
Soyuz-STA / Fregat | Kourou ELS | Arianespace | |||||
Sentinel-1B | ESA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
MICROSCOPE | CNES | Low Earth (SSO) | Astrophysics | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ AAUSAT-4 | Aalborg | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ e-st@r-II | Polytechnic University of Turin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ OUFTI-1 | Liège | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
28 April 02:01:21 |
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | Vostochny Site 1S | Roscosmos | |||||
Mikhailo Lomonosov | MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Gamma-ray astronomy | 30 June 2018 | Satellite malfunction | |||
Aist-2D | SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ SamSat 218 | SSAU | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 4 March 2022[28] | Spacecraft failure | |||
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome. | ||||||||
28 April 07:20:00 |
PSLV-XL | C33 | Satish Dhawan FLP | ISRO | ||||
IRNSS-1G | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
May | ||||||||
6 May 05:21:00 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-024 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
JCSAT-14 | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the third successful landing and the first landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | ||||||||
15 May 02:43 |
Long March 2D | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
Yaogan 30 | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
24 May 08:48:43 |
Soyuz-STB / Fregat | Kourou ELS | Arianespace | |||||
Galileo FOC 10 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Galileo FOC 11 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
27 May 21:39:00 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-025 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
Thaicom 8 | Thaicom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
First stage landed on Of Course I Still Love You drone ship, the fourth successful landing and the second landing with a payload to geostationary transfer orbit. | ||||||||
29 May 08:44:35 |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN RF | |||||
Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
Kosmos 2516 experienced a depressurization event in November 2020, which permanently disabled the satellite after four years in operation. It was replaced by GLONASS-K 705.[29] | ||||||||
30 May 03:17:04 |
Long March 4B | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||||
Ziyuan III-02 | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
ÑuSat-1/-2 (Aleph-1 constellation)[30] |
Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
June | ||||||||
4 June 14:00:13 |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Plesetsk Site 133/3 | RVSN RF | |||||
Kosmos 2517 (Geo-IK-2 No.12) | VKS | Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Operational | |||
9 June 07:10:00 |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Baikonur Site 81/24 | International Launch Services | |||||
Intelsat 31 / DLA-2 | Intelsat / DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
11 June 17:51:00 |
Delta IV Heavy | Cape Canaveral SLC-37B | United Launch Alliance | |||||
USA-268 (Orion 9) | NRO | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
NROL-37 mission. | ||||||||
12 June 15:30:04 |
Long March 3C/E | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||||
BeiDou G7 | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
15 June 14:29:00 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-026 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
Eutelsat 117 West B | Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
ABS-2A | ABS | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
Satellites were successfully delivered to orbit, first stage landing on drone ship failed. | ||||||||
18 June 21:38:39 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA230 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
EchoStar 18 | EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
BRIsat | BRI | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
22 June 03:56:00 |
PSLV-XL | C34 | Satish Dhawan SLP | ISRO | ||||
Cartosat-2C | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
BIROS | DLR | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
GHGSat-D (Claire) | GHGSat | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
LAPAN-A3 | LAPAN | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
M3MSat | CSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
SkySat-C1 | Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ BeeSat 4 | TU Berlin | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Flock-2p × 12 | Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | First: 20 October 2022 Last: 28 March 2023[31] |
Successful | |||
⚀ SathyabamaSat | Sathyabama University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Swayam | College of Engineering, Pune | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
24 June 14:30:00 |
Atlas V 551 | AV-063 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
MUOS-5 | US Navy | GSO | Communications | In orbit | Operational in off-nominal but usable orbit[32] | |||
25 June 12:00:07 |
Long March 7 / YZ-1A | Y1 | Wenchang LC-2 | CASC | ||||
Next-generation crew capsule scale model | CMSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration Flight test |
26 June 2016 07:41 |
Successful | |||
⚀ Star of Aoxiang | NPU | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 September 2016 | Successful | |||
Aolong-1 | CALT | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | |||
Tiange-1 | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 27 August 2016 | Successful | ||||
Tiange-2 | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 August 2016 | Successful | ||||
Maiden flight of the Long March 7 rocket and the first launch from the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.[33] | ||||||||
29 June 03:21:04 |
Long March 4B | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
Shijian 16-02 | CNSA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
July | ||||||||
7 July 01:36:40 |
Soyuz-FG | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Roscosmos | |||||
Soyuz MS-01 | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 48/49 | 30 October 2016 03:58 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Maiden flight of the modernized Soyuz MS spacecraft variant. | ||||||||
16 July 21:41:45 |
Soyuz-U | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Roscosmos | |||||
Progress MS-03 / 64P | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 February 2017 18:24 |
Successful | |||
18 July 04:45:29 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-027 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
SpaceX CRS-9 | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 26 August 15:47 |
Successful | |||
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System. Second successful return to launch site and vertical landing of a first stage, demonstrated as part of a controlled descent test. | ||||||||
28 July 12:37:00 |
Atlas V 421 | AV-065 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
USA-269 (Quasar NROL-61) | NRO | Geosynchronous[34] | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
August | ||||||||
5 August 16:22:04 |
Long March 3B | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||||
Tiantong-1 01 | CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
9 August 22:55:25 |
Long March 4C | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||||
Gaofen-3 | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
14 August 05:26:00 |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | F9-028 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | ||||
JCSAT-16 | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
15 August 17:40:04 |
Long March 2D | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
Quantum Experiments At Space Scale (QUESS)[35] | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
Lixing-1 | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ 3Cat 2 | UPC | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 December 2023[36] | Successful | |||
19 August 04:52:00 |
Delta IV M+ (4,2) | Cape Canaveral SLC-37B | United Launch Alliance | |||||
AFSPC 6 / USA-270 / GSSAP #3 | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | In orbit | Operational | |||
AFSPC 6 / USA-271 / GSSAP #4 | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Space surveillance | In orbit | Operational | |||
24 August 22:16:01 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA232 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
Intelsat 33e | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational[37] | |||
Intelsat 36 | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
31 August 18:50:00 |
Long March 4C | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||||
Gaofen-10 | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 31 August 2016 | Launch failure | |||
September | ||||||||
3 September 07:00–09:00 (scheduled)[39] |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||||
AMOS-6 | Spacecom | Planned: Geosynchronous | Communications | N/A | Destroyed prior to launch[38] | |||
Launch pad explosion destroyed both the rocket and the satellite two days prior to scheduled launch, on 13:07, 1 September 2016 (UTC)[38] | .||||||||
8 September 11:20:00 |
GSLV Mk II | F05 | Satish Dhawan SLP | ISRO | ||||
INSAT-3DR | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |||
8 September 23:05:00 |
Atlas V 411 | AV-067 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
OSIRIS-REx | NASA | Heliocentric | Asteroid sample return | In orbit | Operational | |||
Reached asteroid Bennu in December 2018. Scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023. | ||||||||
13 September 14:38:00 |
Shavit-2 | Palmachim | Israel Aerospace Industries | |||||
Ofeq 11 | Israel Defense Forces | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Satellite malfunction[40] | |||
15 September 14:04:12 |
Long March 2F/G | T2 | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1 | CNSA | ||||
Tiangong-2 | CMSA | Low Earth | Space station | 19 July 2019[41] 13:06 |
Successful | |||
BanXing 2 | SAST | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 15 July 2019[42] | Successful | |||
Second Chinese space laboratory, BanXing 2 deployed 22 October | ||||||||
16 September 01:43:35 |
Vega | Kourou ELV | Arianespace | |||||
PeruSat-1 | Peruvian Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
SkySat x 4 | Terra Bella | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
26 September 03:42:00 |
PSLV-G | C35 | Satish Dhawan FLP | ISRO | ||||
ScatSat-1 | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful[43] | |||
Alsat-1B | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Alsat-2B | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Blacksky Pathfinder-1 | BlackSky Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Pratham | IIT Bombay | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
PISat | PES University | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Alsat-1N | Algerian Space Agency | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ CanX-7 | UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 21 April 2022[44] | Successful | |||
Final launch of the original Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-G configuration with S9 solid rocket motors. | ||||||||
October | ||||||||
5 October 20:30 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA231 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
NBN-Co 1B / Sky Muster II | NBN | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
GSAT-18 | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
16 October 23:30 |
Long March 2F | Y11 | Jiuquan LA-4 / SLS-1 | CASC | ||||
Shenzhou 11 | CMSA | Low Earth | Docking with Tiangong-2 | 18 November 2016 06:15 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with two astronauts[45] | ||||||||
17 October 23:45 |
Antares 230 | MARS Pad 0A | Orbital ATK | |||||
Cygnus CRS OA-5 | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 27 November 2016 23:36 |
Successful | |||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4 | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
CubeSats were deployed from the ISS and Cygnus spacecraft at a later date. | ||||||||
19 October 08:05 |
Soyuz-FG | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Roscosmos | |||||
Soyuz MS-02 | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 49/50 | 10 April 2017 11:20 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts | ||||||||
November | ||||||||
2 November 06:20:00 |
H-IIA 202 | F31 | Tanegashima LA-Y1 | MHI | ||||
Himawari 9 | JMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |||
3 November 12:42 |
Long March 5 | Wenchang LC-1 | CASC | |||||
Shijian 17 | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Technology demonstration / Space rendezvous | In orbit | Operational | |||
Maiden flight of the Long March 5 rocket. Chinese state media claims Shijian-17 is a test of electric propulsion, though this is disputed by outside analysts tracking the satellite's unusual space rendezvous movements.[46][47] | ||||||||
9 November 23:42[48] |
Long March 11 | Jiuquan LS-95A | CASC | |||||
XPNAV 1[49] | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | X-ray pulsar-based navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Xiaoxiang 1[50] | Changsha Gaoxinqu Tianyi Research Institute | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Lishui 1-01 | Zhejiang LiTong Electronic Technology Co. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Pina-2 × 2 | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||||
11 November 18:30 |
Atlas V 401 | AV-062 | Vandenberg SLC-3E | United Launch Alliance | ||||
WorldView-4 | DigitalGlobe | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 30 November 2021 05:20[52] |
Spacecraft failure | |||
⚀ CELTEE 1 | M42 Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ Prometheus-2 × 2 | LANL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ AeroCube 8 × 2 | Aerospace | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ OptiCube 4 | NASA Orbital Debris Program Office | Low Earth (SSO) | Calibration | In orbit | Operational | |||
⚀ RAVAN | JHU/APL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration / Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
CubeSats deployed after WorldView-4 separation as part of NRO-sponsored ENTERPRISE mission. WorldView-4 experienced a failure in one of its control moment gyroscopes in January 2019, making the spacecraft unrecoverable.[51] | ||||||||
11 November 23:14 |
Long March 2D | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
Yunhai-1 | SAST | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
17 November 13:06:48 |
Ariane 5 ES | VA233 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
Galileo FOC 7 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Galileo FOC 12 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Galileo FOC 13 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Galileo FOC 14 | ESA | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
First Galileo launch with Ariane 5 (8th overall), carrying Antonianna, Lisa, Kimberley, and Tijmen. | ||||||||
17 November 20:20:14 |
Soyuz-FG | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Roscosmos | |||||
Soyuz MS-03 | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 50/51/52 | 2 June 2017 | Successful | |||
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. Peggy Whitson's mission was prolonged over Expedition 52 until September 2017. | ||||||||
19 November 23:42:00 |
Atlas V 541 | AV-069 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
GOES-R (GOES-16) | NASA / NOAA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |||
22 November 15:24:04 |
Long March 3C/E | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||||
Tianlian I-04 | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
December | ||||||||
1 December 14:52 |
Soyuz-U | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Roscosmos | |||||
Progress MS-04 / 65P | Roscosmos | Planned: Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 December | Launch failure | |||
5 December 13:51:44 |
Vega | Kourou ELV | Arianespace | |||||
Göktürk-1 | Turkish Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
7 December 04:54 |
PSLV-XL | C36 | Satish Dhawan FLP | ISRO | ||||
Resourcesat-2A | ISRO | Low Earth (SSO) | Remote sensing | In orbit | Operational | |||
7 December 23:53 |
Delta IV M+ (5,4) | Cape Canaveral SLC-37B | United Launch Alliance | |||||
USA-272 / WGS-8 | US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
9 December 13:26:47 |
H-IIB | F6 | Tanegashima LA-Y2 | MHI | ||||
HTV-6 | JAXA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 5 February 2017 15:06 |
Successful | |||
⚀ EGG | UTokyo | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Re-entry Demonstration | 15 May 2017[58] | Successful | |||
⚀ TuPOD | GAUSS Srl | Low Earth | TubeSat Deployment / Amateur radio | 8 September 2017[59] | Successful | |||
⚀ / AOBA-VELOX 3 | NTU / Kyutech | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 1 November 2018[60] | Successful | |||
⚀ STARS C | Kagawa University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 March 2018[61] | Successful | |||
⚀ FREEDOM | Nakashimada Engineering Works / Tohoku University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 5 February 2017[62] | Successful | |||
⚀ ITF-2 | University of Tsukuba | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 3 January 2019[63] | Successful | |||
⚀ Waseda-SAT 3 | Waseda University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 6 October 2018[64] | Successful | |||
OSNSAT | Open Space Network | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 11 January 2018[65] | Successful | |||
Tancredo-1 | Escola Municipal Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves/INPE | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 18 October 2017[66] | Successful | |||
⚀ TechEdSat 5 | SJSU/UI | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 29 July 2017[67] | Successful | |||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4 | Spire Global | Low Earth | AIS | First: 15 April 2018[68] Last: 5 December 2018[69] |
Successful | |||
CubeSats to be deployed at a later date. Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT are carried inside TuPOD and to be deployed from it. STARS-C was deployed on 19 December 2016. ITF-2, WASEDA-SAT3, FREEDOM, EGG, AOBA-Velox III, and TuPOD were deployed on 16 January 2017.[53] Tancredo-1 and OSNSAT were released from TuPOD on 19 January 2017.[54] Lemur-2 and TechEdSat-5 were deployed on 6–7 March 2017.[55][56][57] | ||||||||
10 December 16:11:00 |
Long March 3B | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||||
Fengyun 4A | CMA | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |||
15 December 13:37:21 |
Pegasus-XL | Stargazer, Cape Canaveral | Orbital ATK | |||||
CYGNSS x 8 | NASA | Low Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Operational | |||
18 December 19:13 |
Atlas V 431 | AV-071 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | United Launch Alliance | ||||
EchoStar 19 | HughesNet | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
20 December 11:00 |
Epsilon | Epsilon-2[70] | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
Arase (ERG) | JAXA | Medium Earth (elliptical) | Magnetospherics | In orbit | Operational | |||
21 December 19:22 |
Long March 2D | Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2 | CASC | |||||
TanSat[71] | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
Spark x 2 | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
21 December 20:30 |
Ariane 5 ECA | VA234 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | ||||
Star One D1 | Star One | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
JCSAT-15 | JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
28 December 03:23:56 |
Long March 2D | Taiyuan | CASC | |||||
SuperView / Gaojing-1 01 | Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Partial launch failure; Operational | |||
SuperView / Gaojing-1 02 | Beijing Space View Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Partial launch failure; Operational | |||
⚀ Bayi Kepu 1 | China Association for Science and Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 18 February 2017[73] | Partial launch failure; Successful | |||
Launch vehicle problem deployed satellites in a lower than planned orbit. SuperView satellites raising their own orbits, but CubeSats cannot so may have short lifespan.[72] |
Suborbital flights
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
15 January 03:00:00 |
S-310 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
TPU / TU / TU / KU / JAXA | Suborbital | Ionospheric research | 15 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 161 kilometres (100 mi)[74] | |||||||
22 January | New Shepard | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | ||||
New Shepard crew capsule | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101.7 kilometres (63.2 mi)[75] | |||||||
23 January 08:30 |
VSB-30 | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
/ TEXUS-53 | DLR / ESA | Suborbital | Microgravity | 23 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 252 kilometres (157 mi) | |||||||
28 January | SRALT? | C-17, Pacific Ocean | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 28 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), CTV-02+ target | |||||||
28 January | Ground Based Interceptor | Vandenberg LF-23 | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 28 January | Successful | |||
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept. | |||||||
2 February 21:09 |
VS-30 | Esrange | SSC | ||||
SPIDER/LEEWAVES | SSC | Suborbital | Technology | 2 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 138 kilometres (86 mi) | |||||||
21 February 07:34 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-09 | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 February | Successful | |||
GT217GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | |||||||
22 February 04:15 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
CHESS-2 | LASP | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 309 kilometres (192 mi) | |||||||
26 February 07:01 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-10 | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 February | Successful | |||
GT218GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | |||||||
1 March 14:50 |
Terrier Malemute | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
MUSIC | West Virginia University | Suborbital | Technology experiments | 1 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~185 kilometers (115 mi)[76] | |||||||
7 March 12:05 |
Terrier Orion | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
SOAREX-9 | NASA Ames | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
RadPC | Montana State University | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
VIP | Controlled Dynamics | Suborbital | Technology experiment | 7 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~159 kilometers (99 mi) | |||||||
7 March | K-4 | Visakhapatnam | Indian Navy | ||||
Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 km? | |||||||
8 March | Shahab-3 | Iran | IRGC | ||||
IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 8 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
14 March | Agni-I | Integrated Test Range | IDRDL | ||||
IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500 kilometres (310 mi)? | |||||||
14 March | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | Submarine, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
15 March | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | Submarine, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
16 March | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | Submarine, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 March | Successful | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 52 | |||||||
31 March | K-4 | INS Arihant | Indian Navy | ||||
Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 March | Successful | |||
First K-4 launch from a submarine[77] | |||||||
2 April 15:18 |
New Shepard | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | ||||
New Shepard crew capsule | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 April | Successful | ||
BORE | Southwest Research Institute | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
COLLIDE | University of Central Florida | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 2 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 103.8 kilometers (64.5 mi). Third successful booster landing of the same rocket.[78] | |||||||
19 April 06:41 |
UR-100NU | Yasniy | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 April | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)? | |||||||
26 April 17:00 |
Tianying 3F | Hainan | CNSA | ||||
Kunpeng-1B | CSSAR | Suborbital | Environment monitoring | 26 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 316 kilometres (196 mi) | |||||||
18 May 00:45 |
VS-30/Improved Orion | Woomera Test Range | DSTO | ||||
HiFire-5B | DSTO | Suborbital | Technology | 18 May | Successful | ||
Apogee: 278 kilometres (173 mi) | |||||||
18 May 07:02 |
MRBM-T3 | Kauai | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | Radar target | 18 May | Successful | |||
Medium Range Ballistic Missile Target, Aegis radar target FTX-21, apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)? | |||||||
25 May | RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB | USS Hopper, Kauai | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 25 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)? | |||||||
26 May | RIM-161 Standard Missile 3-IB | USS Hopper, Kauai | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 May | Successful | |||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)? | |||||||
1 June 19:00 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
EVE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 1 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 290 kilometres (180 mi) | |||||||
19 June 14:35 |
New Shepard | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | ||||
New Shepard crew capsule | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 June | Successful | ||
Capillary Flow Experiment | Purdue University School of Aeronautics and Astronautics | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
EITIC | Louisiana State University | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
MEDEA | Braunschweig University of Technology | Suborbital | Microgravity experiment | 19 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 101 kilometers (62.8 mi). Fourth successful booster landing of the same rocket. | |||||||
24 June 10:06 |
Terrier Improved Orion | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
RockOn/RockSat-C | CU Boulder | Suborbital | Student experiments | 24 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~119 kilometres (74 mi) | |||||||
30 June 09:43 |
Improved Malemute | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
MaxiDusty 1 | Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 30 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) | |||||||
? June | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | HMS Vengeance | Royal Navy | ||||
Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | ? June | Launch failure | |||
– | |||||||
1 July 07:18 |
M51 | Le Triomphant, Audierne Bay | DGA/Marine nationale | ||||
DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 1 July | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)? | |||||||
8 July 13:01 |
Improved Malemute | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
MaxiDusty 1b | Oslo/Andøya | Suborbital | Atmospheric Science | 8 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
11 July | Khorramshahr | Semnan | AFIRI | ||||
AFIRI | Suborbital | Missile test | 11 July | Launch failure | |||
19 July 04:05 |
Terrier Improved Orion | Esrange | DLR | ||||
ROTEX-T | DLR | Suborbital | Technology | 19 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 182 kilometres (113 mi) | |||||||
27 July 18:26 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
Hi-C | NASA/MSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 27 July | Spacecraft failure | ||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
17 August 11:33 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
Rocksat-X | University of Colorado Boulder | Suborbital | Student Research | 17 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: ~153 kilometres (95 mi) | |||||||
25 August | RS-24 Yars? | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 August | Launch failure | |||
31 August | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Maryland, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 August | Successful | |||
5 September 09:10 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-04 | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 September | Successful | |||
GT219GM, Apogee: ~1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ? | |||||||
9 September | RS-12M Topol | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 September | Successful | |||
27 September | RSM-56 Bulava | K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Successful | |||
27 September | RSM-56 Bulava | K-535 Yury Dolgorukiy, White Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 27 September | Launch failure? | |||
The second missile self destroyed "after completing the first phase of the flight", maybe intentional. It appears to be a normal practice in salvo launches. The missile probably carried mockups instead of working upper stages and warheads to save money. | |||||||
5 October 15:37 |
New Shepard | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | ||||
New Shepard crew capsule | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 October | Successful | ||
In-flight escape test 45 seconds after launch. Booster unexpectedly survived and reached an apogee of 93.7 kilometres (58.2 mi) before completing its fifth successful landing. | |||||||
12 October | R-29R Volna | K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | R-29RMU Sineva | K-407 Novomoskovsk, Barents Sea | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
12 October | RS-12M Topol | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 October | Successful | |||
25 October 08:58 |
UR-100NU | Yasniy | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 25 October | Successful | |||
Yu-71 Hypersonic Vehicle Test, Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)? | |||||||
22 November | Agni-I | Integrated Test Range | IDRDL | ||||
IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 November | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~500 kilometres (310 mi)? | |||||||
6 December | Shahab-3 | Iran | IRGC | ||||
IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 6 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
8 December | B-611? | Shuangchengzi | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM target | 8 December | Successful | |||
Target | |||||||
8 December | SC-19 | Korla | PLA | ||||
PLA | Suborbital | ABM test | 8 December | Successful | |||
Interceptor | |||||||
15 December | MRBM | FTM-27 | Kauai | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 15 December | Successful | |||
FTM-27 target, successfully intercepted by two SM-6 missiles in low altitude | |||||||
15 December 16:15 |
Zombi (ATACMS) | White Sands | NASA | ||||
US Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: 80 kilometres (50 mi)? | |||||||
26 December 05:35 |
Agni V | Integrated Test Range Launch Complex IV | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~800 kilometres (500 mi) |
Deep space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
14 January | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 53 kilometres (33 mi).[79] |
15 January[80] | Cassini | 116th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,817 kilometres (2,372 mi). |
31 January | Cassini | 117th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi). |
16 February | Cassini | 118th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,018 kilometres (633 mi). |
4 April | Cassini | 119th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi). |
6 May | Cassini | 120th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 971 kilometres (603 mi). |
7 June | Cassini | 121st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 975 kilometres (606 mi). |
4 July[81] | Juno | Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric) | First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter. |
4 July | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 350 kilometres (220 mi). |
25 July | Cassini | 122nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 976 kilometres (606 mi). |
10 August | Cassini | 123rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,599 kilometres (994 mi). |
27 August | Juno | 1st perijove of Jupiter | Closest approach: 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi).[82] |
26 September | Cassini | 124th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,737 kilometres (1,079 mi). |
30 September | Rosetta | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing. |
19 October | Trace Gas Orbiter (ExoMars 2016) | Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric) | |
19 October | Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) | Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum | Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[83] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates 2°03′S 6°14′W / 2.05°S 6.24°W, confirming the loss of the lander.[84] |
19 October | Juno | 2nd perijove | Period Reduction Maneuver[85] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[86] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[87] |
13 November | Cassini | 125th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,582 kilometres (983 mi). |
16 November | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: 127 kilometres (79 mi). |
29 November | Cassini | 126th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,223 kilometres (2,003 mi). |
11 December | Juno | 3rd perijove |
Extra-vehicular activities (EVAs)
Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 January 13:48 |
4 hours 43 minutes | 18:31 | Expedition 46 ISS Quest |
Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[88] | |
3 February 12:55 |
4 hours 45 minutes | 17:40 | Expedition 46 ISS Pirs |
Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[89] | |
19 August 12:04 |
5 hours 58 minutes | 18:02 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[90][91] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams. | |
1 September 11:53 |
6 hours 48 minutes | 18:41 | Expedition 48 ISS Quest |
The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[92] |
Space debris events
Date/Time (UTC) | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
26 March 01:42[93] | Hitomi | Satellite breakup | 10[94] | JAXA lost communications with the freshly launched telescope during its early commissioning phase. Meanwhile, JspOC observed 5 then 10 pieces of debris diverging from the satellite, one of them comparably sized to the main spacecraft by radar signature.[95]
Hitomi itself went into a tumble and sent short intermittent communications. The tumble was caused by a failure of the inertial reference unit mistakenly reporting the spacecraft to be spinning. As the attitude control system attempted to correct the non-existent spin, the unnecessary correction itself is believed to have caused the subsuqent failures, ultimately leading to the loss of the spacecraft, 28 April. [96][97][16] In a twist of fate, one of the secondary payloads traveling with Hitomi was ChubuSat-3, a microsatellite dedicated to monitoring global warming effects and space debris.[98] |
1 June 09:20 [99] | SL-12 R/B (#33473) | Booster breakup | 20+ [99] | An ullage motor, part of a Russian Proton-M rocket that was launched in December 2008, exploded for unknown reasons.[100] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | ||
Europe | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||
India | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Japan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
North Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Russia | 19 | 18 | 1 | 0 | Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace | |
United States | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | +1 pre-launch failure (AMOS 6 / Falcon 9) | |
World | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
By rocket
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | Europe | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | United States | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | United States | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | United States | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | Japan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | China | 22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | |
Pegasus | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Russia | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | |
Shavit | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | North Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Russia | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 200 | United States | Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 | Europe | Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | United States | Atlas | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | United States | Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | India | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Japan | H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | China | Long March | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 3 | China | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | China | Long March | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Russia | Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | PSLV | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | Russia | R-7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | North Korea | Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | Russia | Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 230 | United States | Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | Europe | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | United States | Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 431 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Atlas V 541 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Japan | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | United States | Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | United States | Falcon 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV Mk II | India | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 2F/G | China | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E | China | Long March 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 / YZ-1A | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | China | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Pegasus XL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Proton | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-G | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | India | PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Russia | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-MT | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | Russia | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | Russia | Soyuz | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Unha-3 | North Korea | Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Kazakhstan | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | United States | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
Jiuquan | China | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | France | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Palmachim | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Russia | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | India | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Sohae | North Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | China | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Tanegashima | Japan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Wenchang | China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Xichang | China | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
By orbit
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 43 | 42 | 2 | 0 | Including 11 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2 |
Geosynchronous / transfer | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
Total | 85 | 83 | 2 | 0 |
References
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Notes
- ^ Clockwise from top:
- The first ever landing of a Falcon 9 Full Thrust first stage on an autonomous spaceport drone ship, during Falcon 9 Flight 23 in April.
- The impact site of Schiaparelli on Meridiani Planum, viewed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in October. The lander's retro-rockets failed during descent, and accidentally impacted Mars at an estimated speed of 540 kilometres per hour (340 mph).
- Juno observes Jupiter's southern aurora during its first science orbit in August, seven weeks after its partially successful orbital insertion around the planet. Following an engine failure in its second orbit, the spacecraft remained in a larger orbit than intended for its prime mission.
- Image of Tiangong-2, China's 2nd space laboratory, undergoing ground testing.
- Maiden flight of Long March 5, the first Heavy-lift launch vehicle rocket launched in Asia
Citations
- ^ "Путин разрешил перенести первый запуск с "Восточного"" [Putin allowed to postpone the first launch from the "Eastern"]. Tvrain.ru (in Russian). Телеканал Дождь. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
- ^ Payer, Markus (30 August 2016). "Leading satellite operator will be world's first company to launch a geostationary satellite on a reusable rocket in Q4 2016" (Press release). SES S.A. Archived from the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ Graham, William (30 March 2017). "SpaceX conducts historic Falcon 9 re-flight with SES-10 – Lands booster again". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ Bergin, Chris (25 April 2017). "SpaceX Static Fire spy sat rocket and prepare to test Falcon Heavy core". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (19 October 2016). "ExoMars Mission to Join Crowd of Spacecraft at Mars". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
- ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (14 March 2016). "Mars Mission Blasts Off From Kazakhstan". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
- ^ Clark, Steven (17 May 2016). "Japanese orbiter officially begins science mission at Venus". Spaceflight Now.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (2 July 2016). "Scientists to land, and switch off, Rosetta comet probe in September". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Gannon, Megan (30 September 2016). "Goodbye, Rosetta! Spacecraft Crash-Lands on Comet in Epic Mission Finale". Space.com. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ "SpaceX on Twitter: "After further data review, stage landed softly but leg 3 didn't lockout. Was within 1.3 meters of droneship center"". Twitter. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "Dianne VanBeber on Twitter: "Today at 4:00 Intelsat confirmed that Intelsat 29e is a total loss. We are still actively restoring customer services to Intelsat and third party capacity; implications not yet settled. Financial discussion in our 1Q (2019) earnings call"". Twitter. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ "North Korea plans satellite launch this month - World - CBC News". Cbc.ca. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "KMS-4". N2YO.com. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "NROL launches". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "Operation Plan of X-ray Astronomy Satellite ASTRO-H (Hitomi)". JAXA Press Release. JAXA. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Japan abandons costly X-ray satellite lost in space". Pacific Daily News. Tokyo. Associated Press. 3 May 2016. p. A9. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "RESURS P3". N2YO.com. 17 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Erwin, Sandra (6 November 2023). "LeoLabs data shows on-orbit maneuvers by Russian satellites". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ King, Bob (24 March 2016). "ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster". Universe Today. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ "Atlas V OA-6 Anomaly Status". United Launch Alliance. 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
- ^ "DIWATA-1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
- ^ "FLOCK 2EP 7". N2YO.com. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "FLOCK 2EP 15". N2YO.com. 10 November 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "LEMUR 2 NATE". N2YO.com. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "LEMUR 2 KANE". N2YO.com. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Russian Cosmonauts Deploy Satellites". AMSAT-UK. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "TOMSK-TPU 120". N2YO.com. 20 October 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "SAMSAT 218D". N2YO.com. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ "Новейший "Глонасс-К" сменит вышедший из строя аппарат, рассказал источник" [Newest Glonass-K to replace failed satellite, source says]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 26 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (29 May 2016). "Chinese Long March 4B lofts satellites for Ziyuan-3 and Aleph-1 programs". NASASpaceflight.com.
- ^ "Launches of June 2016". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Justin Ray. "Navy satellite claws its way to usable orbit after main engine failure – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "长征七号首飞成功 携带多用途飞船缩比返回舱". Sina.com (in Chinese). 25 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
- ^ "NROL-61 satellite launched Thursday spotted in space by sky-watchers". Spaceflight Now. 30 July 2016.
- ^ Jeffrey Lin; P.W. Singer; John Costello (3 March 2016). "CHINA'S QUANTUM SATELLITE COULD CHANGE CRYPTOGRAPHY FOREVER". Popular Science. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "3CAT-2". N2YO.com. 18 Decmeber 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Stephen Clark. "Intelsat satellite in service after overcoming engine trouble – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ a b Malik, Tariq (1 September 2016). "Launchpad Explosion Destroys SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket, Satellite in Florida". Space.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ Godwin, Curt (1 September 2016). "SpaceX set to launch heaviest payload to date as Tropical Storm Hermine looms". SpaceFlight Insider. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ Graham, William (13 September 2016). "Israel launches Ofek spy satellite – officials confirm malfunctions". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (19 July 2019). "China's Tiangong-2 space lab reenters over South Pacific". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
- ^ "BANXING-2". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
- ^ "OSI SAF ScatSat-1 OSCAT Wind Products". KNMI. 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "CANX-7". N2YO.com. 21 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ Huang, Jin (8 March 2016). "Why will Shenzhou-11 carry only two astronauts to space?". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- ^ Clark, Colin (18 April 2018). "China Satellite SJ-17, Friendly Wanderer?". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Roberts, Thomas G. (31 March 2021). "Unusual Behavior in GEO: SJ-17". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Barbosa, Rui C. (9 November 2016). "Second launch for Long March 11 – lofts five satellites". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "XPNAV 1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Xiaoxiang 1". Gunter's Space Page. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- ^ "DigitalGlobe loses WorldView-4 satellite to gyro failure". SpaceNews. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ @planet4589 (1 December 2021). "The Worldview-4 commercial imaging satellite reentered over New Zealand at about 0520 UTC Nov 30. It was launched in 2016 but its imager failed in early 2019" (Tweet). Retrieved 2 December 2021 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Successful deployment of six CubeSats delivered by KOUNOTORI6". JAXA. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "TuPOD successfully deployed its two onboard TubeSats". GAUSS Srl. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
- ^ "NanoRacks on Twitter: "Successful #cubesat deployment early this morning at 10:25:01 GMT of two @SpireGlobal #Lemurs from the #NRCSD on @Space_Station"". Twitter. NanoRacks. 6 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ "NanoRacks on Twitter: "Another successful deployment! Two more @SpireGlobal #Lemurs deployed at 15:05:00 GMT from the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer on #ISS"". Twitter. NanoRacks. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ "NanoRacks on Twitter: "Deployment cycle complete! @NASAAmes #TechEdSat5 deployed from @Space_Station @ 18:20:00 GMT. Thanks to all who made this mission a success!"". Twitter. NanoRacks. 7 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
- ^ "EGG". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "TUPOD". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "AOBA-VELOX 3". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "STARS-C". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "FREEDOM". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ ITF-2大気圏再突入、および運用終了のお知らせ / Re-entry of ITF-2 and the operation was ended (in Japanese). Yui Project, University of Tsukuba. 6 January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ "WASEDA-SAT3". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "OSNSAT". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "TANCREDO 1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "TECHEDSAT 5". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "LEMUR 2 TRUTNA". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "LEMUR 2 REDFERN-GOES". N2YO.com. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ "About Epsilon Launch Vehicle". JAXA. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
- ^ "TanSat (Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission)". eoPortal.org. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ^ Jeff Foust (30 December 2016). "Chinese satellites raising orbits after launch anomaly". SpaceNews.com. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "BY70-1". N2YO.com. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
- ^ 観測ロケットS-310-44号機 打上げ結果について (in Japanese). JAXA. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
- ^ Berger, Brian (23 January 2016). "Launch. Land. Repeat: Blue Origin posts video of New Shepard's Friday flight". Space News.
- ^ Koehler, Keith (1 March 2016). "MUSIC Successfully Launched from NASA Wallops". NASA.
- ^ "Maiden Test of Undersea K-4 Missile From Arihant Submarine". www.newindianexpress.com. 9 April 2016.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (2 April 2016). "Blue Origin flies New Shepard on suborbital test flight". Space News.
- ^ "Skimming Phobos | Mars Express". Blogs.esa.int. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "Cassini Solstice Mission: Saturn Tour Dates: 2016". saturn.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ Calandrelli, Emily; Escher, Anna (16 December 2016). "The top 15 events that happened in space in 2016". TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
- ^ Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie (27 August 2016). "NASA's Juno Successfully Completes Jupiter Flyby". NASA. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ William Harwood (20 October 2016). "ESA Mars lander Schiaparelli failed in "soft landing" but data sent back may be worth it". CBS News. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (21 October 2016). "Likely Schiaparelli crash site imaged by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". Planetary Society Articles. The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ Lakdawalla, Emily (9 June 2016). "What to expect from JunoCam at Jupiter". Planetary.org. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ^ "Juno to delay planned burn | The Planetary Society". Planetary.org. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "NASA's Juno Mission to Remain in Current Orbit at Jupiter | NASA". Nasa.gov. 4 July 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (15 January 2016). "Spacewalk Ends Early After Water Detected in Helmet | Space Station". Blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (3 February 2016). "Second Spacewalk of Year Complete | Space Station". Blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ "Spacewalk Concludes After Commercial Crew Port Installation". NASA. 19 August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ "First Commercial Crew Docking Port established aboard ISS in challenging Spacewalk". Spaceflight101. 19 August 2016.
- ^ "NASA TV to Air U.S. Spacewalk, Briefing | NASA". Nasa.gov. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
- ^ Gruss, Mike (29 March 2016). "U.S. Air Force: No evidence malfunctioning Japanese satellite was hit by debris". Space News. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
- ^ @JSpOC (1 April 2016). "10 pieces from Astro-H break-up is posted on @SpaceTrackOrg. 41337 was amended to match the largest piece. The former 41337 is now 41442" (Tweet). Retrieved 13 April 2016 – via Twitter.
- ^ "New Orbital Data & Observations Dim Hopes for Japanese Hitomi Spacecraft". Spaceflight101. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
- ^ "Supplemental Handout on the Operation Plan of the X-ray Astronomy Satellite ASTRO-H (Hitomi)" (PDF). JAXA Press Release. JAXA. 28 April 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (18 April 2016). "Attitude control failures led to break-up of Japanese astronomy satellite". Spaceflight Now. Pole Star Publications Ltd. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ "ChubuSat Instrument Development Project / About ChubuSat-3 Satellite". Nagoya University. 13 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
- ^ a b @JSpOC (2 June 2016). "Breakup Notification: SL-12 R/B (#33473) @ 0920-0930z on 1Jun16. 20+ associated pieces. No indication of collision. @SpaceTrackOrg" (Tweet). Retrieved 16 June 2016 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Russian Ullage rocket engine explodes in space". Spaceflight Insider. 4 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.