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{{Short description|Religious movement}}
{{Short description|Catholic new religious movement}}
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| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1943 }}
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1943 }}
| type = [[Catholic church|Catholic]] movement
| type = [[Catholic church|Catholic]] [[new religious movement]]
| status =
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| purpose = Universal brother/sisterhood
| purpose = Universal brother/sisterhood
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[[File:Chiara Lubich.JPG|thumb|right|260px|[[Chiara Lubich]], founder of the Focolare Movement]]
[[File:Chiara Lubich.JPG|thumb|right|260px|[[Chiara Lubich]], founder of the Focolare Movement]]


The '''Focolare Movement''' is an international organization that promotes the ideals of unity and universal brotherhood. Founded in [[Trento|Trent]], northern [[Italy]], in 1943 by [[Chiara Lubich]] as a Catholic movement, it remains largely [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] but has strong links to the major [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Religious denomination|denominations]] and other [[religion]]s, or in some cases with the non-religious.
The '''Focolare Movement''' is a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[new religious movement]] and international organization that promotes the ideals of unity and universal brother/sisterhood. It was founded by the elementary school teacher [[Chiara Lubich]] in 1943 in [[Trento]], [[Northern Italy]] as a [[Catholic church|Catholic]] [[Catholic laity|lay movement]], it remains largely [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] but has strong links to the major [[Christian denominations]] and [[Catholic Church and ecumenism|other religions]], or in some cases with the [[Irreligion|non-religious]].


The Focolare Movement operates in 180 nations and has over 140,440 members. The word "Focolare" is Italian for "hearth" or "family fireside".<ref name="word-meaning">{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/focolare|title=focolare - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference|work=wordreference.com}}</ref> While Focolare is the common sobriquet given to this organisation, its official name when approved in 1990 as an [[Directory of International Associations of the Faithful|International Association of the Faithful]] of Pontifical Right, was "Work of Mary".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/laity/documents/rc_pc_laity_doc_20051114_associazioni_en.html#WORK|title=International Associations of the Faithful, Directory - Pontifical Councils for the Laity|website=www.vatican.va|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>
The Focolare Movement operates in 180 nations and has over 140,440 members. The word "Focolare" is Italian for "hearth" or "family fireside".<ref name="word-meaning">{{cite web|url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/focolare|title=focolare - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference|work=wordreference.com}}</ref> While Focolare is the common sobriquet given to this organisation, its official name when approved in 1990 as an [[Directory of International Associations of the Faithful|International Association of the Faithful]] of Pontifical Right, was "Work of Mary".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/laity/documents/rc_pc_laity_doc_20051114_associazioni_en.html#WORK|title=International Associations of the Faithful, Directory - Pontifical Councils for the Laity|website=www.vatican.va|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>


== Beginnings ==
== Beginnings ==
{{See|World War II in Italy}}
⚫
In the Northern Italian city of Trent in 1943, in the climate of violence and hatred of the Second World War, the young elementary school teacher Chiara Lubich saw God's love as the only antidote when civil life was crumbling around her. With her Bible in hand while sheltering during air raids, she claimed she felt deeply Jesus' desire "that they all may be one." A group sharing her vision joined in helping those in the shelters and in the poorest parts of town, and numbers grew. In 1948, the journalist [[Igino Giordani]], a member of Parliament and pioneer of ecumenism, joined the group, bringing his ideal of social unity. Another co-founder was Fr. [[Pasquale Foresi]] with his theological background, and founder of New City Press in 1964.<ref name=":2" />
{{Further|Italian Civil War}}


⚫
In the Northern Italian city of [[Trento]] in 1943, in the climate of violence and hatred of the [[Second World War]], the young elementary school teacher [[Chiara Lubich]] saw God's love as the only antidote when civil life was crumbling around her. With her [[Bible]] in hand while sheltering during air raids, she claimed she felt deeply Jesus' desire "that they all may be one." A group sharing her vision joined in helping those in the shelters and in the poorest parts of town.
⚫
Focolare initially spread in Italy and Europe, then worldwide: South America (1958), North America (1961), Africa (1963), Asia (1966), and Australia (1967).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url=http://www.focolare.org/en/movimento-dei-focolari/storia/|title=History |date=11 June 2010|work= Focolare Movement |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>

In 1948, the journalist [[Igino Giordani]], a member of the [[Italian Parliament]] and pioneer of ecumenism, joined the group, bringing his ideal of social unity. Another co-founder was Fr. [[Pasquale Foresi]] with his theological background, and founder of New City Press in 1964.<ref name=":2" />

⚫
The Focolare Movement initially spread in [[Northern Italy]] and across Europe, then worldwide: South America (1958), North America (1961), Africa (1963), Asia (1966), and Australia (1967).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url=http://www.focolare.org/en/movimento-dei-focolari/storia/|title=History |date=11 June 2010|work= Focolare Movement |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>


== Focolare towns ==
== Focolare towns ==
[[File:Loppiano works 03.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Communal electrical shop, Loppiano, 1989]]
⚫
[[File:Loppiano works 03.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Communal electrical shop, Loppiano, 1989]][[File:Chiesa di Loppiano - panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Focolare town church at Loppiano]]After 1949, summer vacations together in [[Fiera di Primiero]] in the [[Dolomite Mountains]] led to the desire to share – materially, culturally, and spiritually. Numbers increased for these retreats, including priests and religious with a variety of spiritualities, and by 1955 this gathering took on the name "Mariapolis", a model of peace for the world under [[Mother Mary]]'s patronage. In 1962 Chiara's visit to the [[Benedictine]] [[Einsiedeln Abbey]] in Switzerland made her dream of permanent towns of brother/sisterhood, "simple houses, workplaces, schools – just like an ordinary town." In 1964 Loppiano, the first permanent Mariapolis was built on land donated by Vincenzo Folonari, near [[Florence]]. It has grown to include 900 people of worldwide origins and diverse occupations, married and single, priests and religious, who work and study together and strive to live in exemplary Christian charity. Each year an average of 40,000 visitors pass through Loppiano.{{Cn|date=June 2021}}
[[File:Chiesa di Loppiano - panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Focolare town church at Loppiano]]

⚫
After 1949, summer vacations together in [[Fiera di Primiero]] in the [[Dolomite Mountains]] led to the desire to share—materially, culturally, and spiritually. Numbers increased for these retreats, including priests and religious with a variety of spiritualities, and by 1955 this gathering took on the name "Mariapolis", a model of peace for the world under [[Mother Mary]]'s patronage. In 1962 Chiara's visit to the [[Benedictine]] [[Einsiedeln Abbey]] in Switzerland made her dream of permanent towns of brother/sisterhood, "simple houses, workplaces, schools – just like an ordinary town." In 1964 Loppiano, the first permanent Mariapolis was built on land donated by Vincenzo Folonari, near [[Florence]]. It has grown to include 900 people of worldwide origins and diverse occupations, married and single, priests and religious, who work and study together and strive to live in exemplary Christian charity.


According to the movement twenty four other such towns have sprung up worldwide.<ref>[https://www.focolare.org/mariapolisluminosa/about-us/ Mariapolis Luminosa]</ref> Some have specific emphases: ''ecumenism'' (Ottmaring, Germany;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ottmaring.org/index.php?id=74|title=ottmaring.org: Startseite|website=www.ottmaring.org|language=de|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> [[Welwyn Garden City]], Great Britain); ''ecology'' ([[Rotselaar]], Belgium); ''interreligious dialogue'' ([[Tagaytay]], Philippines); ''multi-ethnic harmony'' (Luminosa, New York; [[Križevci, Croatia]]); or ''inculturation'' ([[Fontem]], Cameroon; Kenya; Ivory Coast<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ProgettoMan/|title=:: Gli amici di MAN ::|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>). In these towns religious and cultural differences are respected, to exemplify Jesus' dream: "Father, may they all be one, as you and I are one."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.focolare.org/en/all-opera/cittadelle/|title=Focolare Towns |date=11 June 2010|website = Focolare Movement |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>
According to the movement twenty four other such towns have sprung up worldwide.<ref>[https://www.focolare.org/mariapolisluminosa/about-us/ Mariapolis Luminosa]</ref> Some have specific emphases: ''ecumenism'' (Ottmaring, Germany;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ottmaring.org/index.php?id=74|title=ottmaring.org: Startseite|website=www.ottmaring.org|language=de|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> [[Welwyn Garden City]], Great Britain); ''ecology'' ([[Rotselaar]], Belgium); ''interreligious dialogue'' ([[Tagaytay]], Philippines); ''multi-ethnic harmony'' (Luminosa, New York; [[Križevci, Croatia]]); or ''inculturation'' ([[Fontem]], Cameroon; Kenya; Ivory Coast<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ProgettoMan/|title=:: Gli amici di MAN ::|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>). In these towns religious and cultural differences are respected, to exemplify Jesus' dream: "Father, may they all be one, as you and I are one."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.focolare.org/en/all-opera/cittadelle/|title=Focolare Towns |date=11 June 2010|website = Focolare Movement |access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
The president of the Focolare Movement, who is always a lay woman,<ref name=":2" /> is [[Maria Voce]], first elected in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/02/13/churchs-most-powerful-woman-focuses-on-unity/|title=Church's most powerful woman focuses on unity|work=Crux|date=13 February 2015|access-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527111613/http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/02/13/churchs-most-powerful-woman-focuses-on-unity/|archive-date=27 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.focolare.org/en/news/2011/01/20/maria-voce/|title=Maria Voce|publisher=Focolare Movement}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/francis-gives-focolare-three-words-as-the-movement-is-renewed-82950/|title=Francis gives Focolare three words, as the movement is renewed|agency=Catholic News Agency|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> The chief goals of the movement are: to cooperate in the consolidation of [[ecumenism|unity in the Christian world]], with individuals and groups, movements, and associations; to contribute to full communion with Christians of different churches; and to work towards universal brother/sisterhood of all peoples, regardless of religious beliefs.{{Cn|date=June 2021}}
The president of the Focolare Movement, who is always a [[Catholic laity|Catholic lay woman]],<ref name=":2" /> is [[Maria Voce]], first elected in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/02/13/churchs-most-powerful-woman-focuses-on-unity/|title=Church's most powerful woman focuses on unity|work=Crux|date=13 February 2015|access-date=26 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527111613/http://www.cruxnow.com/church/2015/02/13/churchs-most-powerful-woman-focuses-on-unity/|archive-date=27 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.focolare.org/en/news/2011/01/20/maria-voce/|title=Maria Voce|publisher=Focolare Movement}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/francis-gives-focolare-three-words-as-the-movement-is-renewed-82950/|title=Francis gives Focolare three words, as the movement is renewed|agency=Catholic News Agency|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> The chief goals of the movement are: to cooperate in the consolidation of [[ecumenism|unity in the Christian world]], with individuals and groups, movements, and associations; to contribute to full communion with Christians of different churches; and to work towards universal brother/sisterhood of all peoples, regardless of religious beliefs.{{Cn|date=June 2021}}


The movement has branched out to address a variety of groups including families, youth, and different religions. Special projects have sprung up within the movement, such as the "Abba" school,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.focolare.org/en/all-opera/studio-e-formazione/scuola-abba/|title=Scuola Abbà | date=27 July 2010|website = Foculare Movement |access-date=13 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Young People for a United World'' (now [[Youth for a United World]]), Teens4unity,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.teens4unity.org/|title=Teens4Unity|website=www.teens4unity.org|language=it-IT|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> [[Economy of Communion in Freedom|Economy of Communion]] (involving 800 companies), evangelism within small cities, social work, the [[Igino Giordani]] Centre,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iginogiordani.info/en/the-centre.html|title=Igino Giordani - Foco|website=www.iginogiordani.info|language=en-gb|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> and 27 publishing houses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://christusimperat.org/en/node/14050|title=The Focolare Movement {{!}} МСІ-Milites Christi Imperatoris|website=christusimperat.org|language=en|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> Pope Francis in praising Economy of Communion called on it to change "the rules of the game of the socio-economic system."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/02/04/pope_francis_change_the_rules_of_the_socio-economic_system/1290369|title=Pope Francis: Try to change the rules of the socio-economic system|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> John L. Allen Jr. has observed that it is hard to "pick a fight with a ''focolarino''. ...They tend to be open, ego-free, and just relentlessly nice."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/memo-divided-church-meet-focolare|title=Memo to a divided church: Meet the Focolare|date=10 March 2011|work=National Catholic Reporter|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>
The movement has branched out to address a variety of groups including families, youth, and different religions. Special projects have sprung up within the movement, such as the "Abba" school,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.focolare.org/en/all-opera/studio-e-formazione/scuola-abba/|title=Scuola Abbà | date=27 July 2010|website = Foculare Movement |access-date=13 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Young People for a United World'' (now [[Youth for a United World]]), Teens4unity,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.teens4unity.org/|title=Teens4Unity|website=www.teens4unity.org|language=it-IT|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> [[Economy of Communion in Freedom|Economy of Communion]] (involving 800 companies), evangelism within small cities, social work, the [[Igino Giordani]] Centre,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iginogiordani.info/en/the-centre.html|title=Igino Giordani - Foco|website=www.iginogiordani.info|language=en-gb|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> and 27 publishing houses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://christusimperat.org/en/node/14050|title=The Focolare Movement {{!}} МСІ-Milites Christi Imperatoris|website=christusimperat.org|language=en|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> Pope Francis in praising Economy of Communion called on it to change "the rules of the game of the socio-economic system."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2017/02/04/pope_francis_change_the_rules_of_the_socio-economic_system/1290369|title=Pope Francis: Try to change the rules of the socio-economic system|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> John L. Allen Jr. has observed that it is hard to "pick a fight with a ''focolarino''. ...They tend to be open, ego-free, and just relentlessly nice."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/memo-divided-church-meet-focolare|title=Memo to a divided church: Meet the Focolare|date=10 March 2011|work=National Catholic Reporter|access-date=12 July 2017}}</ref>
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Organizations established in 1943]]
[[Category:Catholic organizations established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Christian new religious movements]]
[[Category:International associations of the faithful]]
[[Category:International associations of the faithful]]
[[Category:New religious movements]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1943]]

Revision as of 13:23, 7 January 2024

Focolare Movement
Established1943; 81 years ago (1943)
TypeCatholic new religious movement
PurposeUniversal brother/sisterhood
HeadquartersVia Frascati, 306 – 00040
Rocca di Papa, Rome, Italy
Region served
Worldwide, 182 nations[1]
Founder
Chiara Lubich
President
Margaret Karram
Main organ
Citta Nuova, 37 editions worldwide[2]
WebsiteFocolare
Chiara Lubich, founder of the Focolare Movement

The Focolare Movement is a Christian new religious movement and international organization that promotes the ideals of unity and universal brother/sisterhood. It was founded by the elementary school teacher Chiara Lubich in 1943 in Trento, Northern Italy as a Catholic lay movement, it remains largely Roman Catholic but has strong links to the major Christian denominations and other religions, or in some cases with the non-religious.

The Focolare Movement operates in 180 nations and has over 140,440 members. The word "Focolare" is Italian for "hearth" or "family fireside".[3] While Focolare is the common sobriquet given to this organisation, its official name when approved in 1990 as an International Association of the Faithful of Pontifical Right, was "Work of Mary".[4]

Beginnings

Further information: World War II in Italy
Further information: Italian Civil War

In the Northern Italian city of Trento in 1943, in the climate of violence and hatred of the Second World War, the young elementary school teacher Chiara Lubich saw God's love as the only antidote when civil life was crumbling around her. With her Bible in hand while sheltering during air raids, she claimed she felt deeply Jesus' desire "that they all may be one." A group sharing her vision joined in helping those in the shelters and in the poorest parts of town.

In 1948, the journalist Igino Giordani, a member of the Italian Parliament and pioneer of ecumenism, joined the group, bringing his ideal of social unity. Another co-founder was Fr. Pasquale Foresi with his theological background, and founder of New City Press in 1964.[4]

The Focolare Movement initially spread in Northern Italy and across Europe, then worldwide: South America (1958), North America (1961), Africa (1963), Asia (1966), and Australia (1967).[1]

Focolare towns

Communal electrical shop, Loppiano, 1989
Focolare town church at Loppiano

After 1949, summer vacations together in Fiera di Primiero in the Dolomite Mountains led to the desire to share—materially, culturally, and spiritually. Numbers increased for these retreats, including priests and religious with a variety of spiritualities, and by 1955 this gathering took on the name "Mariapolis", a model of peace for the world under Mother Mary's patronage. In 1962 Chiara's visit to the Benedictine Einsiedeln Abbey in Switzerland made her dream of permanent towns of brother/sisterhood, "simple houses, workplaces, schools – just like an ordinary town." In 1964 Loppiano, the first permanent Mariapolis was built on land donated by Vincenzo Folonari, near Florence. It has grown to include 900 people of worldwide origins and diverse occupations, married and single, priests and religious, who work and study together and strive to live in exemplary Christian charity.

According to the movement twenty four other such towns have sprung up worldwide.[5] Some have specific emphases: ecumenism (Ottmaring, Germany;[6] Welwyn Garden City, Great Britain); ecology (Rotselaar, Belgium); interreligious dialogue (Tagaytay, Philippines); multi-ethnic harmony (Luminosa, New York; Križevci, Croatia); or inculturation (Fontem, Cameroon; Kenya; Ivory Coast[7]). In these towns religious and cultural differences are respected, to exemplify Jesus' dream: "Father, may they all be one, as you and I are one."[8]

Development

The president of the Focolare Movement, who is always a Catholic lay woman,[4] is Maria Voce, first elected in 2008.[9][10][11] The chief goals of the movement are: to cooperate in the consolidation of unity in the Christian world, with individuals and groups, movements, and associations; to contribute to full communion with Christians of different churches; and to work towards universal brother/sisterhood of all peoples, regardless of religious beliefs.[citation needed]

The movement has branched out to address a variety of groups including families, youth, and different religions. Special projects have sprung up within the movement, such as the "Abba" school,[12] Young People for a United World (now Youth for a United World), Teens4unity,[13] Economy of Communion (involving 800 companies), evangelism within small cities, social work, the Igino Giordani Centre,[14] and 27 publishing houses.[15] Pope Francis in praising Economy of Communion called on it to change "the rules of the game of the socio-economic system."[16] John L. Allen Jr. has observed that it is hard to "pick a fight with a focolarino. ...They tend to be open, ego-free, and just relentlessly nice."[17]

Focolare has 140,440 members in more than 180 countries. People more broadly involved in the movement are estimated by the Vatican at 4.5 million.[4]

Renewal

At a reorganizational meeting in 2014 newly elected council members had an average age 16 years younger than that of the previous council, and the 30 council members came from 20 different countries. In Pope Francis' address to the reorganizational meeting, he said: "The Work of Mary, that everyone knows as the Focolare movement, was a little seed in the Catholic Church’s womb, that in the course of the years has brought to life a tree which now extends its branches in all the expressions of the Christian family and also among members of different religions and among many who cultivate justice and solidarity together with the search for truth." Francis went on to describe elements of the movement as contemplation, going out to engage in dialogue and formation of youth. Of contemplation he said: “We need to contemplate God and the beauty of his love,” keeping in mind that “to contemplate means to live together with brothers and sisters, breaking with them the bread of communion and fraternity,” since “contemplation that leaves people outside is a lie, it is narcissism.”[11]

Publications

New City Press, established in 1964, is the official publishing house for the Focolare movement, publishing books, periodicals, and e-books.[18] Among its publications are the Spirituality of Unity series, featuring the works of founder Chiara Lubich, and Understanding the Scriptures, Bible commentaries by scholars such as Daniel J. Harrington, Dianne Bergant,[19] Robert Karris,[20] and Ronald Witherup.[21] NCP publications include: the academic journal Sophia twice a year; three quarterlies – Gen's on ecclesial commitment[22] as well as New Humanity,[23][24] and Unity and Charisms;[25] the bimonthly Teens for children; and the monthly periodicals Città Nuova (published in 38 different national or regional formats; known as New City in the UK, and as Living City in the US, where its editor is Jon M. Sweeney) with opinion and dialogue,[26] Big Smart Kids including inserts for educators, and Gospel of the Day.[27]

Focolare also produces Economy of Communion quarterly and website.[28]

Members proposed for Sainthood

Blesseds

  • Chiara Badano [Luce] – (1971–1990), Young Layperson of the Diocese of Aqui Terme; Member (Italy)[29]

Venerables

  • Jerzy Ciesielski – (1929–1970), Married Layperson of Archdiocese of Kraków; Member (Poland-Egypt)
  • Maria Orsola Bussone – (1954–1970), Young Layperson of Archdiocese of Turin; Member (Italy)
  • Daniela Zanetta – (1962–1986), Young Layperson of the Diocese of Novara; Member (Italy); declared "Venerable": 23 March 2017
  • Nguyễn Văn Thuận – (1928–2002), Bishop of Nha Trang; Cardinal; Associate (Vietnam-Italy)

Servants of God

  • Chiara Lubich [Silvia] – (1920–2008), Layperson of the Diocese of Frascati; Founder of the Focolare Movement
  • Igino Giordani [Foco] – (1894–1980), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Frascati; Cofounder (Italy)
  • Albertina Violi Zirondoli – (1901–1972), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Fiesole; Consecrated Member (Italy)
  • Alberto Michelotti – (1958–1980), Young Layperson of the Archdiocese of Genoa; Member (Italy)
  • Carlo Grisolia [Vir] – (1960–1980), Young Layperson of the Archdiocese of Genoa; Member (Italy)
  • Maria Cecilia Perrin de Buide – (1957–1985), Married Layperson of the Archdiocese of Bahia Blanca; Member (Argentina)
  • Margarita Bavosi [Luminosa] – (1941–1985), Layperson of the Archdiocese of Madrid; Consecrated Member (Argentina-Italy)
  • Renata Borlone – (1930–1990), Layperson of the Diocese of Fiesole; Consecrated Member (Italy)
  • Santa Scorese – (1968–1991), Young Layperson of the Diocese of Bari-Bitonto; Associate; Martyr (Italy)
  • Dario Porta – (1930–1996), Priest of the Diocese of Parma; Member (Italy)
  • Manuel Pascual Perrin – (1925–2000), Married Layperson of the Archdiocese of Bahia Blanca; Member (Argentina)
  • Ginetta Calliari [pt] – (1918–2001), Layperson of the Diocese of Osasco; Consecrated Member (Italy-Brazil)
  • Domenico Antonio Mangano – (1938–2001), Married Layperson of the Diocese of Albano; Member of the Volunteers of God – Focolare Movement (Italy)

References

  1. ^ a b "History". Focolare Movement. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  2. ^ Citta Nuova. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  3. ^ "focolare - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference". wordreference.com.
  4. ^ a b c d "International Associations of the Faithful, Directory - Pontifical Councils for the Laity". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  5. ^ Mariapolis Luminosa
  6. ^ "ottmaring.org: Startseite". www.ottmaring.org (in German). Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  7. ^ ":: Gli amici di MAN ::". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  8. ^ "Focolare Towns". Focolare Movement. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  9. ^ "Church's most powerful woman focuses on unity". Crux. 13 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  10. ^ "Maria Voce". Focolare Movement.
  11. ^ a b "Francis gives Focolare three words, as the movement is renewed". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  12. ^ "Scuola Abbà". Foculare Movement. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Teens4Unity". www.teens4unity.org (in Italian). Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  14. ^ "Igino Giordani - Foco". www.iginogiordani.info. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  15. ^ "The Focolare Movement | МСІ-Milites Christi Imperatoris". christusimperat.org. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  16. ^ "Pope Francis: Try to change the rules of the socio-economic system". Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  17. ^ "Memo to a divided church: Meet the Focolare". National Catholic Reporter. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  18. ^ "About New City Press". New City Press. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  19. ^ "Dianne Bergant, CSA". Catholic Theological Union. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  20. ^ "Faculty Profiles". St. Bonaventure University. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  21. ^ "Ronald D. Witherup". Crossroad. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  22. ^ "Gen". Focolare Movement. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  23. ^ "New Humanity Movement". www.umanitanuova.org. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  24. ^ "Umanità Nuova". Focolare Movement (in Italian). 27 July 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  25. ^ "Unità e Carismi". www.relipress.org. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  26. ^ "Homepage - Città Nuova". Città Nuova (in Italian). Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  27. ^ "New City Press PH". www.newcityph.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  28. ^ "Benvenuto sul sito ufficiale dell'EdC!". www.edc-online.org (in Italian). Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  29. ^ "Italian teen one step closer to sainthood". Catholic News Agency.

Bibliography

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