2023 Gabonese coup d'état: Difference between revisions

2023 Gabonese coup d'état
	Part of the aftermath of the 2023 Gabonese general election
	; Map of Gabon
Date	30 August 2023
Location	Gabon
Result	Coup d'état successful President Ali Bongo ousted from power,; Military assumes control,; General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema announced as interim president;
Belligerents
Government of Gabon Gabonese Democratic Party;	Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions Republican Guard;
Commanders and leaders
Ali Bongo Ondimba	Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema

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Revision as of 22:33, 30 August 2023

A coup d'état occurred in Gabon on 30 August 2023. Following contested results and political tension over a general election held on 26 August, the military ousted the reelected president, Ali Bongo Ondimba, whose victory was announced on 30 August.

The coup brought an end to the 56-year-long rule of the Bongo family over Gabon. It was also the seventh successful coup to occur in West and Central Africa since 2020, following similar occurrences in Mali (twice), Guinea, Burkina Faso (twice) and Niger.^[1]

Background

Since independence from France in 1960, Gabon has primarily been ruled by the Bongo family starting with Omar Bongo in 1967^[2] and then his son President Ali Bongo Ondimba with his father's death in 2009. Ali Bongo Ondimba was re-elected in a controversial election in 2016 which prompted a failed coup attempt in 2019^[3]. Under their rule the country had been plagued by accusations of corruption and nepotism,^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] several elections had been tainted by reports of fraud or irregularities,^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] and the Constitution and electoral laws had been changed multiple times in order to remove term limits, change the voting system to exploit the fractured opposition, and change the timing of elections to ensure the opposition could not rally following a win by the ruling party.^[16]

Despite being a member of OPEC,^[17] one of Africa's major producers of oil^[18] (which accounts for 60% of national revenue), and having one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the continent, Gabon faces serious socioeconomic crises: a third of the population lives below the poverty line of US$5.50 per day,^[19] and the unemployment rate among Gabonese aged 15 to 24 was estimated at 40% in 2020.^[20]

In a speech delivered on the country's Independence Day on 17 August, Bongo, a close ally of France, insisted that he would not allow Gabon to be subjected to "destabilization", referring to other recent coups in the region.^[21]

2023 elections

Following presidential elections held on 26 August 2023, the incumbent president, Ali Bongo, who had been seeking re-election for a third term, was declared the winner according to an official announcement made on 30 August.^[22] However, allegations of electoral fraud and irregularities immediately emerged from opposition parties and independent observers, casting doubt over the legitimacy of the election results. Albert Ondo Ossa, who came second in the elections, alleged electoral irregularities.^[23]

Just two hours before the polls closed, Ondo Ossa denounced "fraud orchestrated by the Bongo camp". He had already claimed victory and urged Bongo to facilitate a peaceful transfer of power based on his own purported vote count. The official election results were announced in the middle of the night on state television without prior notice. The country was placed under curfew and internet access was cut off throughout the nation, measures implemented by the government to prevent the spread of "false news" and potential violence.^[24]

Coup d'état

Amidst growing scrutiny and widespread protests over the conduct of the elections, the Armed Forces of Gabon launched a pre-dawn coup on 30 August. Soldiers led by high-ranking officers, seized control of key government buildings, communication channels, and strategic points within the capital Libreville.^[25]^[26]^[27] Gunfire was also heard in the city.^[28]

The coup occurred just minutes after Bongo's re-election was declared at 3:30 am WAT by the Gabonese electoral commission with 64.27% of the vote. During a televised morning address from the Presidential Palace in Libreville^[29] on the state channel Gabon 24, around a dozen military personnel announced the end of the existing regime, with a military spokesperson claiming to be speaking on behalf of a "Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions",^[1]^[24]^[30] citing "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had led to "a continuous degradation of social cohesion, risking pushing the country into chaos."^[24] They announced the annulment of the recent election, the dissolution of state institutions,^[26] and the closure of the country's borders. Internet access, which had been cut since the election, was reported to have been restored.^[18] Among the officers seen during the announcement were army colonels and members of the Republican Guard.^[17]

The junta later announced the arrest and home detention of Bongo and his eldest son and adviser Noureddin Bongo Valentin, adding that the two were with family and doctors. Also arrested by the junta were presidential chief of staff Ian Ghislain Ngoulou, his deputy Mohamed Ali Saliou, presidential spokesperson Jessye Ella Ekogha, another presidential adviser and the two top officials in Bongo's Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG). The junta said that they were arrested on charges that included treason, embezzlement, corruption, falsifying the president's signature and drug-trafficking.^[31] Despite his detention, Bongo released a video on social media in which he appeared distressed while pleading for help in English, calling on his friends and supporters both in Gabon and around the world to "raise their voice" and "make noise" in response to the coup.^[18]^[32]

Brice Oligui, commander of the Republican Guard, was later installed as interim president by the military junta,^[33] and was seen on the shoulders of jubilant army personnel calling him the "president".^[1] In an interview with Le Monde later in the day, he referred to Bongo as "retired", but said he was not yet assuming the presidency pending deliberations with other officers later in the afternoon. He also said that the military had staged the coup due to discontent that had been growing in the country since Bongo's stroke in 2018, his decision to run for a third term, the disregarding of the country's constitution and the conduct of the election.^[34]

Reactions

Domestic

Following the announcement of the coup, celebrations broke out in the streets of Libreville and in other cities across the country.^[18] The Port of Libreville suspended operations.^[35]

International

Moussa Faki, the head of the African Union Commission, condemned the coup and called on Gabon's security forces to "adhere strictly to their republican vocation" and guarantee the safety of Bongo, his family, and members of his government.^[36] The European Union's foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said the coup would increase instability in Africa, calling it a "big issue for Europe".^[18] Patricia Scotland, secretary-general of the Commonwealth of Nations, which Gabon joined in 2022, reiterated that the organization's charter clearly stated that "member states must uphold the rule of law and the principles of democracy at all times."^[37]

A spokesperson for the French government condemned the coup and called for the results of the annulled election to be respected.^[38] Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin called for "relevant sides in Gabon to resolve differences peacefully through dialogue", and for ensuring President Bongo's safety is guaranteed.^[39]^[17] Russian foreign ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova told reporters that the country was "worried about the situation in Gabon",^[40] while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey released a statement saying it wished for "peace and stability to be restored in the country".^[41] The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office updated their travel advice for UK nationals in the country.^[42]

The French mining firm Eramet, which operates the world's largest manganese mines at Moanda and has 8,000 employees in Gabon, said it was halting all work in the country for security reasons.^[37] Eramet shares fell 18% on the morning of the coup.^[43]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Gabon military officers claim to have seized power after election". CNN. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term". Aljazeera. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Obangome, Gerauds Wilfried; Ross, Aaron (12 January 2019). Donovan, Kirsten (ed.). "Gabon's Bongo names new prime minister after thwarted coup attempt". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
^ "The corrupt nepotist who ruled Gabon for 40 years". The Independent. 8 June 2009. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Chrisafis, Angelique (30 December 2010). "Omar Bongo pocketed millions in embezzled funds, claims US cable". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "France charges five of Gabon ex-president Bongo's children with embezzlement, corruption". Le Monde.fr. 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "A fight inside Gabon's kleptocratic dynasty exposes the complicity of French business". Quartz. 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Toto, Elodie. "One family has led Gabon for 55 years. Can this election bring a new era?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Attempted coup in Gabon aims to remove President Ali Bongo from power and end 50-year dynasty". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Halvorssen, Thor; Gladstein, Alex (19 September 2016). "Why Did the Atlantic Council Even Consider Giving African Dictator Ali Bongo Ondimba a 'Global Citizen Award'?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Freudenthal, Emmanuel; Taghavi, Roshanak; Zalan, Kira (23 November 2020). "Gabon's First Family Stashed Cash in DC Property". OCCRP. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Celia Lebur and Samir Tounsi, "Gabon parliament set ablaze after Bongo declared winner" Archived 2016-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse, 31 August 2016.
^ Yates, Douglas (15 June 2019). "The Dynastic Republic of Gabon". Cahiers d'études africaines (234): 483–513. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.25961. ISSN 0008-0055. S2CID 182502199. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon polls reveal a flawed electoral system". ISS Africa. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Yates, Douglas (17 August 2023). "Gabon: how the Bongo family's 56-year rule has hurt the country and divided the opposition". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Gabon soldiers say Bongo 'regime' ended, borders closed". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Wright, George; Armstrong, Kathryn (30 August 2023). "Gabon: Army officers say they are taking power". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon: Five Things To Know". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon: Military men announce "cancellation of elections", dissolve institutions". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon coup: How did events unfold?". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Au Gabon, Ali Bongo réélu président avec 64,27 % des voix". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon's Ali Bongo re-elected president in disputed election". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c "GABON: ALI BONGO RÉÉLU POUR UN 3E MANDAT, DES MILITAIRES VEULENT ANNULER LES RÉSULTATS". BFM. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Agence France-Presse [@AFP] (30 August 2023). "#BREAKING 'We are putting an end to the current regime,' Gabon soldiers say on TV" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via Twitter.
^ ^a ^b "Gabon: après l'annonce de la réélection d'Ali Bongo, des militaires proclament l'annulation du scrutin". RFI. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon: coup d'État en cours, les militaires annoncent la fin du régime". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Agence France-Presse [@AFP] (30 August 2023). "#BREAKING Gunfire heard in Gabon capital Libreville: @AFP journalists" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via Twitter.
^ Diekhans, Antje. "Nach Präsidentschaftswahl: Militär stürzt Regierung in Gabun". tagesschau.de (in German). Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Au Gabon, des militaires proclament l'annulation des élections après l'annonce de la victoire d'Ali Bongo". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon: President Ali Bongo under house arrest, according to military putschists". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon coup: Ali Bongo calls for help in video, says "I don't know what is going on"". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Qui est Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, le Général à la tête de la transition gabonaise ?" (in French). 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon's coup-leading general says President Bongo has been 'retired'". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ Dixon (g_dixon), Gary (30 August 2023). "Gabon closes shipping down after post-election coup". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "African Union 'Strongly Condemns Attempted Coup' In Gabon". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Gabon coup: President Bongo, under 'house arrest,' calls for 'friends' to 'make noise'". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "France Condemns 'Coup Which Is Underway' In Gabon: Govt Spokesman". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "China urges relevant sides in Gabon to resolve differences peacefully through dialogue". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Russia concerned about Gabon coup". BusinessLive.co.za. Reuters. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Türkiye 'closely' monitoring developments in Gabon following coup". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "Gabon travel advice". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
^ "What could the market impact be from Gabon's coup?". Yahoo News. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

External links

A simple guide to the coup from the BBC News

[cnn-1] "Gabon military officers claim to have seized power after election". CNN. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[aj1-2] "Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term". Aljazeera. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[3] Obangome, Gerauds Wilfried; Ross, Aaron (12 January 2019). Donovan, Kirsten (ed.). "Gabon's Bongo names new prime minister after thwarted coup attempt". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2019.

[4] "The corrupt nepotist who ruled Gabon for 40 years". The Independent. 8 June 2009. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[5] Chrisafis, Angelique (30 December 2010). "Omar Bongo pocketed millions in embezzled funds, claims US cable". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[6] "France charges five of Gabon ex-president Bongo's children with embezzlement, corruption". Le Monde.fr. 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[7] "A fight inside Gabon's kleptocratic dynasty exposes the complicity of French business". Quartz. 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[8] Toto, Elodie. "One family has led Gabon for 55 years. Can this election bring a new era?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[9] "Attempted coup in Gabon aims to remove President Ali Bongo from power and end 50-year dynasty". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[10] Halvorssen, Thor; Gladstein, Alex (19 September 2016). "Why Did the Atlantic Council Even Consider Giving African Dictator Ali Bongo Ondimba a 'Global Citizen Award'?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[11] Freudenthal, Emmanuel; Taghavi, Roshanak; Zalan, Kira (23 November 2020). "Gabon's First Family Stashed Cash in DC Property". OCCRP. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[12] Celia Lebur and Samir Tounsi, "Gabon parliament set ablaze after Bongo declared winner" Archived 2016-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse, 31 August 2016.

[13] Yates, Douglas (15 June 2019). "The Dynastic Republic of Gabon". Cahiers d'études africaines (234): 483–513. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.25961. ISSN 0008-0055. S2CID 182502199. Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[14] "Gabon polls reveal a flawed electoral system". ISS Africa. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[15] "Gabon: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[16] Yates, Douglas (17 August 2023). "Gabon: how the Bongo family's 56-year rule has hurt the country and divided the opposition". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[africa1-17] "Gabon soldiers say Bongo 'regime' ended, borders closed". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[bbc-18] Wright, George; Armstrong, Kathryn (30 August 2023). "Gabon: Army officers say they are taking power". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[19] "Gabon: Five Things To Know". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[20] "Gabon: Military men announce "cancellation of elections", dissolve institutions". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[21] "Gabon coup: How did events unfold?". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[22] "Au Gabon, Ali Bongo réélu président avec 64,27 % des voix". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[23] "Gabon's Ali Bongo re-elected president in disputed election". France 24. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[bfm-24] "GABON: ALI BONGO RÉÉLU POUR UN 3E MANDAT, DES MILITAIRES VEULENT ANNULER LES RÉSULTATS". BFM. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[25] Agence France-Presse [@AFP] (30 August 2023). "#BREAKING 'We are putting an end to the current regime,' Gabon soldiers say on TV" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via Twitter.

[rfi-26] "Gabon: après l'annonce de la réélection d'Ali Bongo, des militaires proclament l'annulation du scrutin". RFI. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[27] "Gabon: coup d'État en cours, les militaires annoncent la fin du régime". africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[28] Agence France-Presse [@AFP] (30 August 2023). "#BREAKING Gunfire heard in Gabon capital Libreville: @AFP journalists" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 August 2023 – via Twitter.

[29] Diekhans, Antje. "Nach Präsidentschaftswahl: Militär stürzt Regierung in Gabun". tagesschau.de (in German). Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[30] "Au Gabon, des militaires proclament l'annulation des élections après l'annonce de la victoire d'Ali Bongo". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[31] "Gabon: President Ali Bongo under house arrest, according to military putschists". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[32] "Gabon coup: Ali Bongo calls for help in video, says "I don't know what is going on"". Africanews. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[33] "Qui est Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, le Général à la tête de la transition gabonaise ?" (in French). 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[34] "Gabon's coup-leading general says President Bongo has been 'retired'". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[35] Dixon (g_dixon), Gary (30 August 2023). "Gabon closes shipping down after post-election coup". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[36] "African Union 'Strongly Condemns Attempted Coup' In Gabon". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[lemonde-37] "Gabon coup: President Bongo, under 'house arrest,' calls for 'friends' to 'make noise'". Le Monde. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[38] "France Condemns 'Coup Which Is Underway' In Gabon: Govt Spokesman". Barron's. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[39] "China urges relevant sides in Gabon to resolve differences peacefully through dialogue". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[40] "Russia concerned about Gabon coup". BusinessLive.co.za. Reuters. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[41] "Türkiye 'closely' monitoring developments in Gabon following coup". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[42] "Gabon travel advice". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

[43] "What could the market impact be from Gabon's coup?". Yahoo News. 30 August 2023. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.

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 == Background ==
-Since independence from France in 1960, Gabon has primarily been ruled by the Bongo family starting with [[Omar Bongo]] in 1967<ref name="aj1">{{cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility |access-date=30 August 2023 |publisher=[[Aljazeera]] |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830050716/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility |url-status=live }}</ref> and then his son President [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] with his father's death in 2009. Ali Bongo Ondimba was re-elected in a controversial election in 2016 which prompted a failed [[2019 Gabonese coup attempt|coup attempt in 2019]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Obangome |first1=Gerauds Wilfried |last2=Ross |first2=Aaron |date=12 January 2019 |title=Gabon's Bongo names new prime minister after thwarted coup attempt |language=en |work=Reuters |editor-last=Donovan |editor-first=Kirsten |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gabon-politics/gabons-bongo-names-new-prime-minister-after-thwarted-coup-attempt-idUSKCN1P6095 |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116204148/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gabon-politics/gabons-bongo-names-new-prime-minister-after-thwarted-coup-attempt-idUSKCN1P6095 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Under their rule the country had been plagued by accusations of corruption and nepotism,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-08 |title=The corrupt nepotist who ruled Gabon for 40 years |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-corrupt-nepotist-who-ruled-gabon-for-40-years-1700197.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427013809/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-corrupt-nepotist-who-ruled-gabon-for-40-years-1700197.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chrisafis |first=Angelique |date=2010-12-30 |title=Omar Bongo pocketed millions in embezzled funds, claims US cable |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/30/wikileaks-omar-bongo-nicolas-sarkozy |access-date=2023-08-30 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512165931/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/30/wikileaks-omar-bongo-nicolas-sarkozy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-29 |title=France charges five of Gabon ex-president Bongo's children with embezzlement, corruption |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/07/29/france-charges-five-of-gabon-ex-president-bongo-s-children-with-embezzlement-corruption_5991887_7.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712030914/http://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/07/29/france-charges-five-of-gabon-ex-president-bongo-s-children-with-embezzlement-corruption_5991887_7.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-01 |title=A fight inside Gabon's kleptocratic dynasty exposes the complicity of French business |url=https://qz.com/395572/a-fight-inside-gabons-kleptocratic-dynasty-reveals-the-complicity-of-french-business |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607001315/https://qz.com/395572/a-fight-inside-gabons-kleptocratic-dynasty-reveals-the-complicity-of-french-business |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Toto |first=Elodie |title=One family has led Gabon for 55 years. Can this election bring a new era? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/26/one-family-has-led-gabon-for-56-years-can-this-election-bring-a-new-era |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830064842/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/26/one-family-has-led-gabon-for-56-years-can-this-election-bring-a-new-era |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-30 |title=Attempted coup in Gabon aims to remove President Ali Bongo from power and end 50-year dynasty |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230830-attempted-coup-in-gabon-aims-to-remove-president-ali-bongo-from-power-and-end-50-year-dynasty |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830192359/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230830-attempted-coup-in-gabon-aims-to-remove-president-ali-bongo-from-power-and-end-50-year-dynasty |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Halvorssen |first1=Thor |last2=Gladstein |first2=Alex |date=2016-09-19 |title=Why Did the Atlantic Council Even Consider Giving African Dictator Ali Bongo Ondimba a 'Global Citizen Award'? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/19/independent-think-tank-honors-african-dictator-as-global-citizen-ali-bongo-gabon/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410042636/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/19/independent-think-tank-honors-african-dictator-as-global-citizen-ali-bongo-gabon/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Freudenthal |first1=Emmanuel |last2=Taghavi |first2=Roshanak |last3=Zalan |first3=Kira |date=2020-11-23 |title=Gabon's First Family Stashed Cash in DC Property |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/gabons-first-family-stashed-cash-in-dc-property |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=OCCRP |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830172809/https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/gabons-first-family-stashed-cash-in-dc-property |url-status=live }}</ref> several elections had been tainted by reports of fraud or irregularities,<ref>Celia Lebur and Samir Tounsi, [https://www.yahoo.com/news/tensions-high-tight-gabon-vote-enters-final-stretch-104022163.html "Gabon parliament set ablaze after Bongo declared winner"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920215455/https://www.yahoo.com/news/tensions-high-tight-gabon-vote-enters-final-stretch-104022163.html|date=2016-09-20}}, Agence France-Presse, 31 August 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yates |first=Douglas |date=2019-06-15 |title=The Dynastic Republic of Gabon |url=http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/25961 |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |issue=234 |pages=483–513 |doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.25961 |s2cid=182502199 |issn=0008-0055 |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709214705/https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/25961 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-09-01 |title=Gabon polls reveal a flawed electoral system |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/gabon-polls-reveal-a-flawed-electoral-system |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=ISS Africa |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610174139/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/gabon-polls-reveal-a-flawed-electoral-system |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabon: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gabon/freedom-world/2023 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Freedom House |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124249/https://freedomhouse.org/country/gabon/freedom-world/2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Constitution and electoral laws had been changed multiple times in order to remove term limits, change the voting system to exploit the fractured opposition, and change the timing of elections to ensure the opposition could not rally following a win by the ruling party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yates |first=Douglas |date=2023-08-17 |title=Gabon: how the Bongo family's 56-year rule has hurt the country and divided the opposition |url=http://theconversation.com/gabon-how-the-bongo-familys-56-year-rule-has-hurt-the-country-and-divided-the-opposition-211537 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Conversation |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830073307/https://theconversation.com/gabon-how-the-bongo-familys-56-year-rule-has-hurt-the-country-and-divided-the-opposition-211537 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Since independence from France in 1960, Gabon has primarily been ruled by the Bongo family starting with [[Omar Bongo]] in 1967<ref name="aj1">{{cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility |access-date=30 August 2023 |publisher=[[Aljazeera]] |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830050716/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/30/gabon-military-officers-claim-power-say-election-lacked-credibility |url-status=live }}</ref> and then his son President [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]] with his father's death in 2009. Ali Bongo Ondimba was re-elected in a controversial [[2016 Gabonese presidential election|election in 2016]] which prompted a failed [[2019 Gabonese coup attempt|coup attempt in 2019]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Obangome |first1=Gerauds Wilfried |last2=Ross |first2=Aaron |date=12 January 2019 |title=Gabon's Bongo names new prime minister after thwarted coup attempt |language=en |work=Reuters |editor-last=Donovan |editor-first=Kirsten |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gabon-politics/gabons-bongo-names-new-prime-minister-after-thwarted-coup-attempt-idUSKCN1P6095 |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116204148/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gabon-politics/gabons-bongo-names-new-prime-minister-after-thwarted-coup-attempt-idUSKCN1P6095 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Under their rule the country had been plagued by accusations of corruption and nepotism,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-08 |title=The corrupt nepotist who ruled Gabon for 40 years |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-corrupt-nepotist-who-ruled-gabon-for-40-years-1700197.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427013809/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-corrupt-nepotist-who-ruled-gabon-for-40-years-1700197.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chrisafis |first=Angelique |date=2010-12-30 |title=Omar Bongo pocketed millions in embezzled funds, claims US cable |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/30/wikileaks-omar-bongo-nicolas-sarkozy |access-date=2023-08-30 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512165931/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/30/wikileaks-omar-bongo-nicolas-sarkozy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-29 |title=France charges five of Gabon ex-president Bongo's children with embezzlement, corruption |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/07/29/france-charges-five-of-gabon-ex-president-bongo-s-children-with-embezzlement-corruption_5991887_7.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712030914/http://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/07/29/france-charges-five-of-gabon-ex-president-bongo-s-children-with-embezzlement-corruption_5991887_7.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-01 |title=A fight inside Gabon's kleptocratic dynasty exposes the complicity of French business |url=https://qz.com/395572/a-fight-inside-gabons-kleptocratic-dynasty-reveals-the-complicity-of-french-business |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607001315/https://qz.com/395572/a-fight-inside-gabons-kleptocratic-dynasty-reveals-the-complicity-of-french-business |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Toto |first=Elodie |title=One family has led Gabon for 55 years. Can this election bring a new era? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/26/one-family-has-led-gabon-for-56-years-can-this-election-bring-a-new-era |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830064842/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/26/one-family-has-led-gabon-for-56-years-can-this-election-bring-a-new-era |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-30 |title=Attempted coup in Gabon aims to remove President Ali Bongo from power and end 50-year dynasty |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230830-attempted-coup-in-gabon-aims-to-remove-president-ali-bongo-from-power-and-end-50-year-dynasty |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830192359/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230830-attempted-coup-in-gabon-aims-to-remove-president-ali-bongo-from-power-and-end-50-year-dynasty |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Halvorssen |first1=Thor |last2=Gladstein |first2=Alex |date=2016-09-19 |title=Why Did the Atlantic Council Even Consider Giving African Dictator Ali Bongo Ondimba a 'Global Citizen Award'? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/19/independent-think-tank-honors-african-dictator-as-global-citizen-ali-bongo-gabon/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410042636/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/19/independent-think-tank-honors-african-dictator-as-global-citizen-ali-bongo-gabon/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Freudenthal |first1=Emmanuel |last2=Taghavi |first2=Roshanak |last3=Zalan |first3=Kira |date=2020-11-23 |title=Gabon's First Family Stashed Cash in DC Property |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/gabons-first-family-stashed-cash-in-dc-property |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=OCCRP |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830172809/https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/gabons-first-family-stashed-cash-in-dc-property |url-status=live }}</ref> several elections had been tainted by reports of fraud or irregularities,<ref>Celia Lebur and Samir Tounsi, [https://www.yahoo.com/news/tensions-high-tight-gabon-vote-enters-final-stretch-104022163.html "Gabon parliament set ablaze after Bongo declared winner"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920215455/https://www.yahoo.com/news/tensions-high-tight-gabon-vote-enters-final-stretch-104022163.html|date=2016-09-20}}, Agence France-Presse, 31 August 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yates |first=Douglas |date=2019-06-15 |title=The Dynastic Republic of Gabon |url=http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/25961 |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |issue=234 |pages=483–513 |doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.25961 |s2cid=182502199 |issn=0008-0055 |access-date=30 August 2023 |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709214705/https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/25961 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-09-01 |title=Gabon polls reveal a flawed electoral system |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/gabon-polls-reveal-a-flawed-electoral-system |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=ISS Africa |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610174139/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/gabon-polls-reveal-a-flawed-electoral-system |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabon: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gabon/freedom-world/2023 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Freedom House |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124249/https://freedomhouse.org/country/gabon/freedom-world/2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the Constitution and electoral laws had been changed multiple times in order to remove term limits, change the voting system to exploit the fractured opposition, and change the timing of elections to ensure the opposition could not rally following a win by the ruling party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yates |first=Douglas |date=2023-08-17 |title=Gabon: how the Bongo family's 56-year rule has hurt the country and divided the opposition |url=http://theconversation.com/gabon-how-the-bongo-familys-56-year-rule-has-hurt-the-country-and-divided-the-opposition-211537 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=The Conversation |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830073307/https://theconversation.com/gabon-how-the-bongo-familys-56-year-rule-has-hurt-the-country-and-divided-the-opposition-211537 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 Despite being a member of [[OPEC]],<ref name="africa1"/> one of Africa's major producers of oil<ref name="bbc"/> (which accounts for 60% of national revenue), and having one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the continent, Gabon faces serious socioeconomic crises: a third of the population lives below the poverty line of US$5.50 per day,<ref>{{cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Gabon: Five Things To Know |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/gabon-five-things-to-know-74edbbff |access-date=30 August 2023 |publisher=[[Barron's]] |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830192405/https://www.barrons.com/news/gabon-five-things-to-know-74edbbff |url-status=live }}</ref> and the unemployment rate among Gabonese aged 15 to 24 was estimated at 40% in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Gabon: Military men announce "cancellation of elections", dissolve institutions |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/30/gabon-military-men-announce-cancellation-of-elections-dissolve-institutions/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |publisher=[[africanews]] |archive-date=30 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830064123/https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/30/gabon-military-men-announce-cancellation-of-elections-dissolve-institutions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

v t e Coups d'état in Africa since 1960
1960s	Republic of the Congo (1960)^c Ethiopia (1960) Rwanda (1961) French Algeria (1961) Somalia (1961) Senegal (1962) Algeria (1962)^c Dahomey (1963)^c Togo (1963)^c Gabon (1964)^c Algeria (1965)^c Dahomey (1965) Burundi (1965) Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965) Central African Republic (1965–66)^c Burundi (July 1966)^c Burundi (November 1966)^c Ghana (1966)^c Upper Volta (1966)^c Nigeria (January 1966)^c Nigeria (July 1966)^c Republic of the Congo (1966) Dahomey (1967) Sierra Leone (1967)^c Ghana (1967) Togo (1967)^c Algeria (1967) Sierra Leone (1968)^c Mali (1968)^c Republic of the Congo (1968)^c Dahomey (1969) Sudan (1969)^c Libya (September 1969)^c Somalia (1969)^c Libya (December 1969)
1970s	Lesotho (1970)^‡c Uganda (1971)^c Morocco (1971) Sudan (1971)^c Dahomey (1972)^c Ghana (1972)^c Morocco (1972) Republic of the Congo (1972) Rwanda (1973)^c Upper Volta (1974)^‡ Uganda (1974) Niger (1974)^c Ethiopia (1974)^c Comoros (1975)^c Sudan (1975) Libya (1975) Nigeria (1975)^c Chad (1975)^c Comoros (1976)^c Burundi (1976)^c Nigeria (1976) Sudan (1976) Benin (1977) Seychelles (1977)^c Sudan (1977) Uganda (June 1977) Angola (1977) Somalia (1978) Comoros (1978)^c Ghana (1978)^‡c Mauritania (1978)^c Mauritania (1979)^c Ghana (1979)^c Equatorial Guinea (1979)^c Central African Republic (1979)^c
1980s	Mauritania (1980)^c Liberia (1980)^c Guinea-Bissau (1980)^c Upper Volta (1980)^c Mauritania (1981) Gambia (1981) Central African Republic (1981)^c Ghana (1981)^c Seychelles (1981) Central African Republic (1982) Kenya (1982) Upper Volta (1982)^c Upper Volta (February 1983) Upper Volta (August 1983)^c Nigeria (1983)^c Mauritania (1984)^c Cameroon (1984) Guinea (1984)^c Uganda (1985)^c Nigeria (1985)^c Sudan (1985)^c Guinea (1985) Liberia (1985) Lesotho (1986)^c Togo (1986) Burkina Faso (1987)^c Burundi (1987)^c Republic of the Congo (1987) Tunisia (1987)^c Transkei (1987)^c Benin (1988) São Tomé and Príncipe (1988) Burkina Faso (1989) Ethiopia (1989) Chad (1989) Sudan (1989)^c
1990s	Sudan (1990) Nigeria (1990) Zambia (1990) Chad (1990)^c Ciskei (1990)^c Venda (1990)^c Mali (1991)^c Lesotho (1991)^c Sudan (1992) Sierra Leone (1992)^c Algeria (1992)^c Sierra Leone (December 1992) Burundi (1993) Libya (1993) Nigeria (1993)^c Bophuthatswana (1994)^c Gambia (1994)^c Lesotho (1994)^‡c Liberia (1994) Comoros (1995) São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) Sierra Leone (1996)^c Guinea (1996) Burundi (1996)^c Niger (1996)^c Sierra Leone (August 1996) Zambia (1997) Sierra Leone (1997)^c Guinea-Bissau (1998) Republic of the Congo (1998) Niger (1999)^c Côte d'Ivoire (1999)^c
2000s	Côte d'Ivoire (2001) Burundi (2001) Central African Republic (2001) Côte d'Ivoire (2002) Central African Republic (2002) Central African Republic (2003)^c Mauritania (2003) Guinea-Bissau (2003)^c São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) Burkina Faso (2003) Chad (2004) Sudan (2004) Equatorial Guinea (2004) Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004) Togo (2005)^c Mauritania (2005)^c Chad (2006) Madagascar (2006) Guinea (2008)^c Mauritania (2008)^c Sudan (2008) Madagascar (2009)^c
2010s	Madagascar (2010) Niger (2010)^c Niger (2011) Guinea-Bissau (2011) Mali (March 2012)^c Guinea-Bissau (2012)^c Mali (April 2012) Sudan (2012) Eritrea (2013) Chad (2013) Egypt (2013)^c Libya (October 2013) Central African Republic (2013)^c Libya (2014) Lesotho (2014) The Gambia (2014) Burundi (2015) Burkina Faso (2015) Burkina Faso (2016) Libya (2016) Zimbabwe (2017)^c Gabon (2019) Sudan (2019)^c Ethiopia (2019)
2020s	Mali (2020)^c Central African Republic (2021) Niger (2021) Mali (2021)^c Tunisia (2021)^‡^c Guinea (2021)^c Sudan (September 2021) Sudan (October 2021)^c Burkina Faso (January 2022)^c Guinea-Bissau (2022) Burkina Faso (September 2022)^c São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) Gambia (2022) Sudan (2023) Niger (2023)^c Gabon (2023)^c Burkina Faso (2023) Sierra Leone (2023) Guinea-Bissau (2023) Nigeria (2024) Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
^c: successful coup ^‡: self-coup no sign: attempted coup

v t e Coups, self-coups, and attempted coups since 1991
List of coups and coup attempts by country since 2010
1990s	Mali (1991)^c Lesotho (1991)^c Thailand (1991)^c Soviet Union (1991) Haiti (1991)^c Georgia (1991–1992)^c Venezuela (1992) February November Peru (1992) April^‡^c November Sierra Leone (1992)^c Algeria (1992)^c Sudan (1992) Guatemala (1993)^‡ Azerbaijan (1993)^c Russia (1993)^‡^c Libya (1993) Burundi (1993) Lithuania (1993) Nigeria (1993)^c Bophuthatswana (1994)^c Gambia (1994)^c Lesotho (1994)^‡^c Liberia (1994) Cambodia (1994) Azerbaijan (1995) Qatar (1995)^c São Tomé and Príncipe (1995) Guinea (1996) Paraguay (1996) Iraq (1996) Burundi (1996)^c Niger (1996)^c Qatar (1996) Bangladesh (1996) Cambodia (1997)^c Turkey (1997)^c Zambia (1997) Guinea-Bissau (1998) Niger (1999)^c Pakistan (1999)^c Côte d'Ivoire (1999)^c
2000s	Ecuador (2000)^c Paraguay (2000) Fiji (2000)^c Solomon Islands (2000) ^c Côte d'Ivoire (2001) Burundi (2001) Haiti (2001) Central African Republic (2001) Venezuela (2002) Côte d'Ivoire (2002) Burkina Faso (2003) Central African Republic (2003)^c Mauritania (2003) Philippines (2003) Guinea-Bissau (2003)^c São Tomé and Príncipe (2003) Chad (2004) Sudan (2004) Haiti (2004)^c Equatorial Guinea (2004) DR Congo (2004) Peru (2005) Nepal (2005)^‡^c Togo (2005)^c Mauritania (2005)^c Chad (2006) Thailand (2006)^c Madagascar (2006) Fiji (2006)^c Philippines (2007) Sudan (2008) Mauritania (2008)^c Guinea (2008)^c Madagascar (2009)^c Honduras (2009)^c
2010s	Niger (2010)^c Madagascar (2010) Niger (2011) Guinea-Bissau (2011) Bangladesh (2011) Mali (2012) March^c April Guinea-Bissau (2012)^c Sudan (2012) Eritrea (2013) Central African Republic (2013)^c Chad (2013) Egypt (2013)^c Libya (2013) Libya (2014) Thailand (2014)^c Gambia (2014) Yemen (2014–15)^c Burundi (2015) Burkina Faso (2015) Turkey (2016) Burkina Faso (2016) Libya (2016) Zimbabwe (2017)^c Yemen (2018)^c Gabon (2019) Sudan (2019)^c Ethiopia (2019)
2020s	Mali (2020)^c Central African Republic (2021) Myanmar (2021)^c Niger (2021) Mali (2021)^c Guinea (2021)^c Tunisia (2021)^‡^c Sudan (2021) September October^c Burkina Faso (2022) January^c September^c Guinea-Bissau (2022) São Tomé and Príncipe (2022) Peru (2022)^‡ Gambia (2022) Sudan (2023) Niger (2023)^c Gabon (2023)^c Burkina Faso (2023) Sierra Leone (2023) Guinea-Bissau (2023) Oyo State, Nigeria (2024) DR Congo (2024) Bolivia (2024) South Korea (2024)^‡
^‡ Self-coup or its attempt ^{[no symbol]} Coup attempt ^c Successful coup or self-coup See also: Plots and conspiracies