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| related = other [[Beja people|Beja]] and other [[Cushitic speaking peoples|Cushitic peoples]]
| related = other [[Beja people|Beja]] and other [[Cushitic speaking peoples|Cushitic peoples]]
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The '''Hedareb''' or '''T'bdawe'''<ref group=note>''Hedareb'', ''t'badwe'', ''to-bedawye'' and ''bedawi'' may refer to the people or their language. ''Beja'' is an Arabic name for the language; ''Hedareb'' may be a corruption of ''Hadarma'', "people of the [[Hadhramaut]]". See {{cite book|last1=Tesfagiorgis G.|first1=Mussie|title=Eritrea|year=2010|page=178 and 216|isbn=9781598842319|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pReFaFC3fQC&q=hedareb&pg=PA178}} and {{cite journal|last1=Paul|first1=A.|title=THE HADĀREB: A Study in Arab—Beja Relationships|journal=Sudan Notes and Records|date=1959|volume=40|pages=75–78|jstor=41719580|publisher=[[University of Khartoum]]}}</ref> are an [[ethnic group]] native to northwestern [[Eritrea]].<ref name="Embassy" /> They are a subgroup of the [[Beja people|Beja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-15 |title=Beni Amir: The Hedareb in Eritrea |url=https://www.eristory.com/beni-amir-the-hedareb-in-eritrea/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=EriStory |language=en-US}}</ref> They are more diverse than the other Eritrean ethicities; one subgroup speaks the traditional [[Beja language]], which belongs to the [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] family, while another is more closely related to Sudanese [[Hadendoa]]. They are among the least-researched groups in Eritrea.<ref name="Favali Pateman 2003"/> In 2021 the [[Beja people|Beja]]/[[Hedareb]] ethnic group made up 2% of the total population of [[Eritrea]] which is 122,947 people.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/countries/eritrea/}}</ref>
The '''Hedareb''' or '''T'bdawe'''<ref group=note>''Hedareb'', ''t'badwe'', ''to-bedawye'' and ''bedawi'' may refer to the people or their language. ''Beja'' is an Arabic name for the language; ''Hedareb'' may be a corruption of ''Hadarma'', "people of the [[Hadhramaut]]". See {{cite book|last1=Tesfagiorgis G.|first1=Mussie|title=Eritrea|year=2010|page=178 and 216|isbn=9781598842319|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pReFaFC3fQC&q=hedareb&pg=PA178}} and {{cite journal|last1=Paul|first1=A.|title=THE HADĀREB: A Study in Arab—Beja Relationships|journal=Sudan Notes and Records|date=1959|volume=40|pages=75–78|jstor=41719580|publisher=[[University of Khartoum]]}}</ref> are an [[ethnic group]] native to northwestern [[Eritrea]].<ref name="Embassy" /> They are a subgroup of the [[Beja people|Beja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-15 |title=Beni Amir: The Hedareb in Eritrea |url=https://www.eristory.com/beni-amir-the-hedareb-in-eritrea/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=EriStory |language=en-US}}</ref> They are more diverse than the other Eritrean ethicities; one subgroup speaks the traditional [[Beja language]], which belongs to the [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] family, while another is more closely related to Sudanese [[Hadendoa]]. They are among the least-researched groups in Eritrea.<ref name="Favali Pateman 2003"/> In 2021 the [[Beja people|Beja]]/[[Hedareb]] ethnic group made up 2% of the total population of [[Eritrea]] which is 122,947 people.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/countries/eritrea/</ref>


The Hedareb people live in northwestern [[Eritrea]] and extend as far as the borders with east [[Sudan]].<ref name="Tesfagiorgis">{{cite book|last1=Tesfagiorgis G.|first1=Mussie|title=Eritrea|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1598842319|page=178|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pReFaFC3fQC&q=hedareb&pg=PA178}}</ref> Nomadic or semi-nomadic [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]], they typically migrate seasonally with their herds of [[camel]]s, [[goat]]s and [[sheep]].<ref name="Embassy">{{cite web|last1=<!-- Staff author -->|title=The People of Eritrea|url=http://www.eritrean-embassy.se/about-eritrea/people-and-languages/|website=www.eritrean-embassy.se|publisher=Eritrean Embassy in Sweden|access-date=27 February 2015}}</ref>
The Hedareb people live in northwestern [[Eritrea]] and extend as far as the borders with east [[Sudan]].<ref name="Tesfagiorgis">{{cite book|last1=Tesfagiorgis G.|first1=Mussie|title=Eritrea|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1598842319|page=178|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pReFaFC3fQC&q=hedareb&pg=PA178}}</ref> Nomadic or semi-nomadic [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]], they typically migrate seasonally with their herds of [[camel]]s, [[goat]]s and [[sheep]].<ref name="Embassy">{{cite web|last1=<!-- Staff author -->|title=The People of Eritrea|url=http://www.eritrean-embassy.se/about-eritrea/people-and-languages/|website=www.eritrean-embassy.se|publisher=Eritrean Embassy in Sweden|access-date=27 February 2015}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:12, 30 June 2023

Hedareb
An illustration of "Beni Amer" men, from 1888
Regions with significant populations
 Eritrea
100,000[1]–202,000[2]
Languages
Beja, Tigre, Arabic
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
other Beja and other Cushitic peoples

The Hedareb or T'bdawe[note 1] are an ethnic group native to northwestern Eritrea.[3] They are a subgroup of the Beja.[4] They are more diverse than the other Eritrean ethicities; one subgroup speaks the traditional Beja language, which belongs to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family, while another is more closely related to Sudanese Hadendoa. They are among the least-researched groups in Eritrea.[5] In 2021 the Beja/Hedareb ethnic group made up 2% of the total population of Eritrea which is 122,947 people.[6]

The Hedareb people live in northwestern Eritrea and extend as far as the borders with east Sudan.[7] Nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralists, they typically migrate seasonally with their herds of camels, goats and sheep.[3]

Language

The Hedareb speak the Beja language or Tigre language as a mother tongue.[7] In addition to their variety of Beja, known as Hedareb or T’badwe, most Hedareb people also speak at least one other language, typically for a larger group Tigre, and for a small group Arabic as well.[8]

Society

Hedareb society is hierarchical, and is traditionally organized into clans and subclans.[7] Hedarebs are a Muslim group,[5] and most are Sunni Muslims.[3] Marriages are typically arranged to maximize alliances between extended families. It is customary for the groom's family to pay a bride price of five to twelve goats, and a varying amount of money,[9] or as much as 70 camels.[10]

Sociologist Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad writes that the Hedareb have been excluded from state conceptions of Eritrean nationhood, and have become a marginalized group with many members who do not feel connected to the Eritrean nation-state.[11]

Laws

As Muslim people, the Hedareb follow Sharia law in most matters.[5]

In the nineteenth century, blood feuds marked by chains of revenge killings existed among Hedareb groups; unlike those among neighboring groups, they were rarely resolved by the payment of blood money, possibly because the Hedareb had fewer trading practices.[5] Also distinctively, killing one's wife was traditionally punished by death, while killing one's children went unpunished.[5] Rape of a noblewoman by a serf was punishable by death, while rape of serfs by nobles was tolerated.[5]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Hedareb, t'badwe, to-bedawye and bedawi may refer to the people or their language. Beja is an Arabic name for the language; Hedareb may be a corruption of Hadarma, "people of the Hadhramaut". See Tesfagiorgis G., Mussie (2010). Eritrea. p. 178 and 216. ISBN 9781598842319. and Paul, A. (1959). "THE HADĀREB: A Study in Arab—Beja Relationships". Sudan Notes and Records. 40. University of Khartoum: 75–78. JSTOR 41719580.

References

  1. ^ Mehbratu, S; Habtezion, Zerisenay (2009). Eritrea: Constitutional, Legislative and Administrative Provisions Concerning Indigenous Peoples. International Labour Organization; African Commission’s Working Group on Indigenous Communities/Populations in Africa; Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria; with support from the European Commission. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1584657. SSRN 1584657. Asserts Hedareb population is 2% of the total population of 4.8 million.
  2. ^ "About Eritrea: People". eritreanconsulate-lb.com. Honorary Consulate of The State of Eritrea in Lebanon. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
  3. ^ a b c "The People of Eritrea". www.eritrean-embassy.se. Eritrean Embassy in Sweden. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  4. ^ "Beni Amir: The Hedareb in Eritrea". EriStory. 2017-06-15. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Favali, L.; Pateman, R. (2003). Blood, Land, and Sex: Legal and Political Pluralism in Eritrea. Blood, Land, and Sex. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-10984-2. Retrieved Jul 30, 2017.
  6. ^ https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/countries/eritrea/
  7. ^ a b c Tesfagiorgis G., Mussie (2010). Eritrea. ABC-CLIO. p. 178. ISBN 978-1598842319.
  8. ^ Killion, Tom (1998). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3437-5.
  9. ^ Tesfagiorgis G., Mussie (29 October 2010). Eritrea. pp. 194–195. ISBN 9781598842326.
  10. ^ Gebremedhin, T.G. (2002). Women, Tradition and Development: A Case Study of Eritrea. Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1-56902-153-8. Retrieved Jul 30, 2017.
  11. ^ Mohammad, Abdulkader Saleh (2013). "Competing identities and the emergence of Eritrean Nationalism between 1941 and 1952". “African Dynamics in Multipolar World”. 5th European Conference on African Studies. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Internacionais do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL). pp. 1376–1408. 978-989-732-364-5. Retrieved 18 February 2016.

Further reading

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